UNIT 3

VERB PHRASE

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 1

OBJECTIVES
So in this unit, leaners are provided in details about verbs: types of verbs,
the usage of each type of verbs
Unit 3 is designed:
• to help leaners can recognize verb type(s),
• identify what kind of word will appear after that verb,

=> to make leaners know how to write a complete sentence.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 2
3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF VERBS
• Verbs (or main verbs or lexical verbs or full verbs) function as the head of a verb
phrase, either alone or preceded by one or more auxiliaries.
[1] They prepared the meal.
[2] They may prepare the meal.
[3] They should have prepared the meal.
[4] They may have been preparing the meal.

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 3

3.2 FORM-TYPES OF VERBS
• Form-types

1. base prepare make put write

2. -s prepares makes puts writes
3. –ing participle preparing making putting writing
4. past prepared made put wrote
5. -ed participle prepared made put written

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 4

3.2.1 BASE FORM-TYPE
The base form-type has the following uses:
• A. Present tense, except for the third person singular
[1] He plays piano very well.

• B. Imperative
[2] Tell me about your life.

• C. Present subjunctive
[3] I urged in my previous letter that these research staff be treated as their
present colleagues and be permitted to apply for a redundancy payment when
their contracts expire.

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 5

3.2.1 BASE FORM-TYPE
D. Infinitive
Infinitives has two major uses:
• (a) bare infinitive (without to), follows a modal auxiliary
[5] I must write that message

• (b) to-infinitive is the main verb in infinitive clauses

[6] I'd like to write something on process theology.

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3.2.2 -S FORM-TYPE
• The -s form-type is restricted to the third person singular present tense:
[7] It comes with a small remote control and all the usual features, including wired
and optical outputs.

• Additional spelling rules for –S form type of verb:

1. If the base ends in a sibilant sound (see below) that is not followed by -e, add -es:
Ex: buzz/buzzes pass/passes catch/catches
2. If the base ends in a consonant plus y, change the y to i and then add -es:
Ex: worry/worries fly/flies
3. If a vowel precedes the final y, the spelling is regular:
Ex: play/plays annoy/annoys

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 7

3.2.2 -S FORM-TYPE
4. For some verbs ending in -o, add -es:
• For example:
Go. Goes.
Do. Does.
Veto. Vetoes.

5. There are two irregular forms:

have/has be/is

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 8

3.2.2 -S FORM-TYPE

PRACTICE:
Turn the given verbs into –s form:
Verb -s form
Fax → Faxes

Rush → Rushes

Deny → Denies

Echo → Echoes

Identify → Identifies
ENGLISH GRAMMAR 9
3.2.3 -ING PARTICIPLE
• The inflection is spelled -ing, which is added to the base:
1. If the base ends in -e, drop the -e before the -ing:
Ex: drive / driving make / making

But if the base ends in -ee, -oe, or -ye, keep the final -e:
Ex: see / seeing disagree / disagreeing

2. If the base ends in -ie, change the i to y and drop the -e:
Ex: die/dying tie/tying

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 10

3.2.3 -ING PARTICIPLE
3. In general, double the consonant letter before -ing if all these three conditions apply:
(a) the base ends in a single consonant letter
(b) a single vowel comes before that consonant letter
(c) the final syllable of the base is stressed, as it must be if the base is monosyllabic.

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3.2.3 -ING PARTICIPLE
• The –ing participle is used in:
1. Progressive aspect, following the auxiliary be:
[9] I think somebody's been leading you up the garden path.

2. -Ing participle clauses, as the main verb:

[10] Those involved in the deal are keeping details secret to avoid putting
the sale in jeopardy.

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3.2.3 -ING PARTICIPLE

PRACTICE:
Turn the given verbs into –ing form:
Verb -ing form
Lie → Lying

Climb → climbing

Write → writing

Play → playing

Get → getting
ENGLISH GRAMMAR 13
3.2.4 PAST
• The past is used for the past tense:
[11] You mentioned that any lump should be excised.
[12] The photograph I thought was absolutely terrible.

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3.2.5 -ED PARTICIPLE
• The -ed participle is used in:
A. Perfect aspect, following the auxiliary have
[13] We have been waiting for Her Majesty the Queen to arrive and we've
discovered that there has been a fault in her transport arrangements.
B. Passive voice, following the auxiliary be:
[14] I feel sure that some day it will be published.
C. -ed participle clauses, as the main verb:
[15] The applications will then be published to enable public consultation,
with winners announced in October and any newcomers taking over from
January 1993.
The past subjunctive is were, and it can only be distinguished from the past
indicative when the subject is I or third person singular:
[16] If I were you, I'd apply for the York position just for the experience.

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3.2.5 -ED PARTICIPLE

PRACTICE:
Turn the given verbs into past form:
Verb past form
Go → went

Play → played

Come → came

Get → got

Arrive → arrived
ENGLISH GRAMMAR 16