PRESENTATION

OF DATA
MIND MAP & FLOW CHART
 OBJECTIVES
ATTRACTIVE AND
IMPRESSIVE
TEXTUAL EASY TO REMENBER
SAVES TIME
TYPES
SIMPLIFY DATA 1-DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAM
PRESENTATION DIAGRAMMATIC USEFUL IN COMPARISONS
Universal Applicability
•
•
SIMPLE BAR DIAGRAM
MULTIPLE BAR DIA.
GIVES MORE INFORMATION • SUB-DIVIDED BAR DIAGRAM

PRESENTATION •
•
PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
BROIKEN-SCALE BAR DIA.
• DEVIATION BAR DIA.
2-DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAM
• PIE DIAGRAM

ESSENTIALS/ GUIDELINES
➢ TITLE
➢ MANAGEABLE SIZE GUIDELINES/ESSENTIALS
➢ ATTRACTIVE

PRESENTATION
➢ SPECIAL EMPHASIS APPROPRIATE TITLE
➢ SUIT THE PURPOSE SIZE
➢ SIMPLICITY PROPORTION BETWEEN WIDTH AND HEIGHT
➢ COMPARISON
➢ NUMBERING OF ROWS AND COLUMN SCALE

OF DATA
➢ CLARITRY INDEX
➢ UNITS ATTRACTIVE PRESENTATION
➢ SUITABLY APPROXIMATED
➢ SCIENTIFICALLY PREPARED ACCURACY
SIMPLICITY
SELECTION OF PROPER DIAGRAM

GRAPHICAL
TABULAR PRESENTATION TYPES
PRESENTATION FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION GRAPHS
• LINE FREQUENCY GRAPH
• HISTOGRAM
• FREQUENCY POLYGON
• FREQUENCY CURVE
• OGIVE
TIME-SERIES GRAPH
• ONE VARIABLE GRAPH
• TWO OR MORE THAN TWO VARIABLE GRAPH
TYPES
OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE
OBJECTIVES • GENERAL PURPOSE TABLE OBJECTIVES GUIDELINES
TO SIMPLIFY THE COMPLEX DATA • SPECIFIC TABLE ATTRACTIVE AND IMPRESSIVE VARIABLES ARE MENTIONED ON BOTH AXIS
TO ECONOMIZE SPACE NATURE OF DATA SIMPLE AND UNDERSTANDABLE POINT OF ORIGIN IS DENOTED BY ZERO
BY CONVENTION, INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS MEASURED ALONG THE
TO FACILITATE COMPARISON • ORIGINAL TABLE USEFUL IN COMPARISON XAXIS AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE ON Y-AXIS
TO FACILITATE STATISTICAL • DERIVED TABLE LOCATION OF POSITIONAL AVERAGES SELECT APPROPRIATE SCALE
ANALYSIS EXTENT OF COVERAGE NO NEED OF MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE PLOT THE DATA IN POSITIVE QUADRANT OF GRAPH ANF JOIN THE POINTS
IF MORE THAN ONE LINES ARE APPEARS ON THE SAME GRAPH, THEN
TO PROVIDE REFERENCE • SIMPLE TABLE HELPFUL IN PREDICTIONS DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF LINES SHOULD BE USED
• COMPLEX TABLE UNIVERSAL UTILITY INDEX
TITLE
GRAPH NUMBER
 OBJECTIVES

TEXTUAL TABULAR DIAGRAMMATIC GRAPHICAL

PRESENTATION PRESENTATION PRESENTATION PRESENTATION

OBJECTIVES
➢ TO SIMPLIFY THE COMPLEX DATA
➢ TO ECONOMIZE SPACE
➢ TO FACILITATE COMPARISON
➢ TO FACILITATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
➢ TO PROVIDE REFERENCE
OBJECTIVES
➢ ATTRACTIVE AND IMPRESSIVE
➢ EASY TO REMENBER
➢ SAVES TIME
➢ SIMPLIFY DATA
➢ USEFUL IN COMPARISONS
➢ UNIVERSAL APPLICABILITY
➢ GIVES MORE INFORMATION
OBJECTIVES
➢ ATTRACTIVE AND IMPRESSIVE
➢ SIMPLE AND UNDERSTANDABLE
➢ USEFUL IN COMPARISON
➢ LOCATION OF POSITIONAL AVERAGES
➢ NO NEED OF MATHEMATICAL
KNOWLEDGE
➢ HELPFUL IN PREDICTIONS
➢ UNIVERSAL UTILITY
 REQUISITES/ESSENTIALS/GUIDELINES

TEXTUAL TABULAR DIAGRAMMATIC GRAPHICAL

PRESENTATION PRESENTATION PRESENTATION PRESENTATION

➢ VARIABLES ARE MENTIONED ON BOTH AXIS

➢ TITLE ➢ POINT OF ORIGIN IS DENOTED BY ZERO
➢ MANAGEABLE SIZE ➢ APPROPRIATE TITLE ➢ BY CONVENTION, INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS
➢ ATTRACTIVE ➢ SIZE MEASURED ALONG THE X-AXIS AND DEPENDENT
➢ SPECIAL EMPHASIS ➢ Proportion between width and height VARIABLE ON Y-AXIS
➢ SUIT THE PURPOSE ➢ SCALE ➢ SELECT APPROPRIATE SCALE
➢ SIMPLICITY ➢ INDEX ➢ PLOT THE DATA IN POSITIVE QUADRANT OF
➢ COMPARISON ➢ ATTRACTIVE PRESENTATION GRAPH ANF JOIN THE POINTS
➢ NUMBERING OF ROWS AND COLUMN ➢ ACCURACY ➢ IF MORE THAN ONE LINES ARE APPEARS ON THE
➢ CLARITRY ➢ SIMPLICITY SAME GRAPH, THEN DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF
➢ UNITS ➢ SELECTION OF PROPER DIAGRAM LINES SHOULD BE USED
➢ SUITABLY APPROXIMATED ➢ INDEX
➢ SCIENTIFICALLY PREPARED ➢ TITLE
➢ GRAPH NUMBER
 TYPES

TABULAR DIAGRAMMATIC GRAPHICAL

PRESENTATION PRESENTATION PRESENTATION

OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE
• GENERAL PURPOSE TABLE
• SPECIFIC TABLE
NATURE OF DATA
• ORIGINAL TABLE
• DERIVED TABLE
1-DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAM FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION GRAPHS
• SIMPLE BAR DIAGRAM
• MULTIPLE BAR DIA.
• LINE FREQUENCY GRAPH
• SUB-DIVIDED BAR DIAGRAM
• HISTOGRAM
• PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
• FREQUENCY POLYGON
• BROIKEN-SCALE BAR DIA.
• FREQUENCY CURVE
• DEVIATION BAR DIA.
• OGIVE

EXTENT OF COVERAGE
• SIMPLE TABLE
• COMPLEX TABLE
2-DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAM
• PIE DIAGRAM
TIME-SERIES GRAPH
• ONE VARIABLE GRAPH
• TWO OR MORE THAN TWO
VARIABLE GRAPH
ORGANISATION OF
DATA
MIND MAP
 ▪ CLASS
▪ CLASS LIMITS
IMPORTANT TERMS ▪ CLASS-INTERVAL
ESSENTIALS/ REQUISITES UNDER ▪ WIDTH OF CLASS-INTERVALS
SUITABILITY
UNAMBIGUOUS CONTINUOUS SERIES ▪ RANGE
EXHAUSTIVENESS
FLEXIBILITY ▪ MID-POINTS/ MID-VALUE
MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
STABILITY ▪ FREQUENCY
HOMOGENEITY
▪ FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
▪ CLASS FREQUENCY

ORGANISATION
OF DATA
CLASSIFICATION
STATISTICAL
SERIES VARIABLE
• DISCRETE VARIABLE
OBJECTIVES TYPES • CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
TO SIMPLIFY DATA
SIMILARITY & DISSIMILARITY
COMPARISONS
TO STUDY RELATIONSHIPS
ON THE BASIS OF ON THE BASIS OF
TO PREPARE DATA FOR TABULATION CHARACTERISTICS CONSTRUCTION
TO PRESENT MENTAL PICTURE ▪
▪ TIME-SERIES INDIVIDUAL SERIES
▪ SPATIAL SERIES ▪ DISCRETE SERIES
METHODS ▪ CONDITION SERIES ▪ CONTINUOUS SERIES
TYPES OF INDIVIDUAL SERIES
▪ ORGANISED SERIES
▪ UNORGANISED SERIES
➢ GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION
➢ CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFFICATION TYPES OF CONTINUOUS SERIES
➢ QUALITATIVE CLASSIFICATION ▪ EXCLUSIVE SERIES
➢ QUANTITATIVE CLASSIFICATION ▪ INCLUSIVE SERIES
▪ OPEN END SERIES
▪ CUMMULATIVE FREQUENCY SERIES
▪ EQUAL C.I. SERIES
▪ UNEQUAL CLASS INTERVAL SERIES
▪ MID-VALUE SERIES