B.Tech. (Chemical Engineering) Fifth Semester (C.B.S.

)
Heat Transfer
P. Pages : 2 NRJ/KW/17/4844
Time : Three Hours *0327* Max. Marks : 80
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Notes : 1. All questions carry equal marks.
2. Answer any five questions.
3. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
4. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
5. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.

1. a) Derive the general heat conduction equation in cartesian co-ordinates. Also state other 12
forms of conduction equation in one dimension.

b) A 5 cm diameter steel pipe maintained at a temperature of 60ºC is kept in a large room 4

where the air and wall temperatures are 25ºC. If the surface emissivity of the steel is 0.7,
Calculate the total heat loss per unit length of pipe if convection heat transfer co-efficient is
6.5 W/m2 ºC. Comment on the result.

2. a) Explain critical thickness of insulation. Derive an expression for critical thickness of a 8

cylinder and a sphere.

b) A steel ball 80 mm in diameter is initially at 485ºC. It is suddenly dipped in a batch having 8

uniform temperature of 85ºC. The convective heat transfer coefficient at the surface of the
ball is 20 W/m2 ºC. Calculate the time required to attain a temperature of 115ºC and 80ºC
Physical properties of steel ball :
Specific heat = 460 W/mc
Density = 7800 kg/m3
Thermal conductivity = 43 W/mc

3. a) How do you judge the performance of fins ? Write assumptions made while deriving the 8
temperature distribution in a fin.

b) Two rods of equal diameter and equal length but of different thermal conductivities are 8
being used as fins. The rods have one end at 159ºC while the surrounding air is at 28ºC. The
end temperature of one rod is 100ºC while that of other rod is 80ºC. if the thermal
conductivity of one rod is 380 W/mºc, Calculate the thermal conductivity of the other rod.
The fins can be assumed to be short with end insulated.

4. a) Explain boiling and condensation. What are different type of boiling and condensation. 8
Explain boiling curve for pool boiling.

b) Ammonia vapours at 34ºC are condensed on a square array of 25 x 25 horizontal tubes. 8

Outside diameter of tube is 30 mm and length of each tube is 1.6 m. Surface temperature
of the tubes is maintained at 22ºC. Calculate the rate of condensation of ammonia vapours.
Properties of Ammonia vapours at average temperature are :
Density of ammonia vapour = 0.6894 kg/m3
Density of liquid ammonia = 660 kg/m3
Viscosity = 0.21  103 Ns / m 2 .
Thermal conductivity = 0.51 W/mc.
Latent heat of condensing vapour = 1125 kJ/kg.
NRJ/KW/17/4844 1 P.T.O
5. a) Explain in detail classification of heat exchanger. What are the causes of fouling in heat 8
exchanger. How does fouling effect heat transfer and pressure drop in a heat exchanger ?

b) 0.6 kg/sec of a solution at 25ºC and containing 14.1% by weight of NaOH is tobe 8
concentrated to 24.1% by weight solution in a single stage evaporator. The temperature of
heating steam is 130ºC. Boiling point of solution in evaporation is 112ºC. The heat losses
of the evaporation are 40,000 watts. Overall heat transfer coefficient is 800 W/m2 ºC. Latent
heat of steam is 2183 kJ/kg. Latent heat of vapourisation = 2225 kJ/kg.
Calculate :
i) The quantity of water evaporated.
ii) The quantity of steam consumed.
iii) Steam economy
iv) Heat transfer area required for the evaporator.

6. a) Explain laws of radiation & common terms used in radiation heat transfer. 8

b) Explain heat transfer in fluidized bed & packed bed. 8

7. Write short notes on any four. 16

a) Boiling point rise in evaporators.

b) Suitability of existing heat exchanger.

c) Filmwise & dropwise condensation.

d) Greenhouse effect & solar radiation.

e) Thermic fluids.

8. a) Explain the concept of thermal & hydrodynamic boundary layer. 8

b) Water flowing at a velocity of 12 m/s in a straight tube of 60 mm diameter of 15ºC to an 8

outlet temperature of 45ºC. Taking physical properties of water at mean bulk temperature,
calculate the following:
The heat transferred, the length of the tube properties of water are :
Density = 995.7 kg/m3
Specific heat = 4.174 kJ / kgc
Thermal conductivity = 61.718  10 2 W / m 2 º C
Kinematic viscosity 0.805  10 6 m 2 / s
Prandtl No: = 5.42

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