Blockchain Technology Based Credibility
Verification in E-Journal Entities
Untung Rahardja MD Asri Ngadi
Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Johor Bahru, Malaysia Johor Bahru, Malaysia
rahardjauntung@graduate.utm.my dr.asri@utm.my
Petrus Sokibi
Information System
Catur Insan Cendekia University
Cirebon, Indonesia
petrus.sokibi@cic.ac.id
Abstract—In the industrial era 4.0, it has surpassed increas-
ingly complex technological advances in the information system
that required a very high infrastructure and facilities and
prevented fraud. Counterfeiting is a procedure following an
entity, statistics, or documents (observe forged documents) with
plans to deceive. Falsification of extensive information certificates
is exacerbated by the current economic situation in Indonesia,
which is currently occurring due to the widespread epidemic,
namely COVID-19. The spread of the COVID-19 outbreak has
had a significant impact and changes in all sectors, especially
certificate forgery in Indonesia. The imitation of busy certificates
is the main focus of this journal, focusing on journal publications
combined with Blockchain technology. The sophistication of
blockchain technology as authentication is comparing two or
more items or additional tests to ensure the accuracy, correctness,
or correctness of the information. This method uses qualitative
methods with data sources based on case studies in controlled
supervision with the basic concept of cryptography as the basis
of analysis. From the decisions made, it is hoped that this will
minimize the level of forgery of certificates widely measured
during the COVID-19 era.
Keywords—Integrity Verification, Blockchain, E-Journal, Tech-
nology
I. I NTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Industry significantly promotes the ad-
vancement of Industry 4.0 in Indonesia. Changes in Industry
4.0 technology began with the emergence of things that were
classified as very fast. Almost all perspectives of activities
raised the existence of digital technology [1]. The industrial
revolution directly or indirectly reforms the educational provi-
sions and economic structure of a country [2]. Several parties
revealed that the world of education also needs to prepare
to enter this 4.0 revolution by making several changes in
implementing learning methods in schools; first the funda-
mental thing is to change the nature and mindset of students,
secondly being able to hone and develop children’s talents
and thirdly educational institutions must able to change the
learning model adapted to the needs of the times. It is called
Chandra Lukita
Information System
Catur Insan Cendekia University
Cirebon, Indonesia
chandralukita@cic.ac.id
Gadis Mustika
Information System
University of Raharja
Tangerang, Indonesia
gadis@raharja.info
the digital revolution due to the proliferation of computers
and the mechanization of recording in all aspects [3]. The
Ministry of Industry has calculated Making Indonesia 4.0
into a unified roadmap for implementing several strategies
in breaking through the Industry 4.0 era. This collaborative
procedure needs to involve several stakeholders, from gov-
ernment institutions, industry associations, and players, to
academics to achieve this goal. A lot of speculation reveals
the world of education in Indonesia that needs to improve
and prepare to enter the era of this 4.0 revolution by making
various changes, including applying learning methods. Of
course, educational institutions in Indonesia are required to
change learning methods and models by taking advantage of
the progress of the times, and it is necessary to optimally
utilize technology in supporting the improvement of education
in Indonesia [4].
In writing this scientific paper, it examines the problem
of certificate security using blockchain technology [5], [6].
However, the spread of fake certificates has spread more and
more in the process, and there have even been many fake
certificates used to apply for jobs to get an appointment with
a much better salary. This, of course, will reduce people’s
interest in demanding formal education. In improving the
certificate security system by using blockchain technology [7].
The method uses qualitative methods with data sources
based on case studies in the security field associated with
cryptography as a basis for writing analysis [8], [9]. So, the
implementation of this writing is expected that user or user
data can be guaranteed the quality of its authenticity to avoid
problematic data theft [10].
A. Blockchain Technology
Blockchain is a collection of more than one block that forms
a chain. Each block has three elements: data, the block’s hash
value, and the hash value of the previous block. The data stored
in blocks depends on the block type [11].
 There are several mechanisms/techniques used in the
blockchain to guarantee the security of the blockchain. The
first mechanism is the use of hash techniques. By utilizing hash
techniques from cryptography, the block will have a hash value
that identifies the block and its contents and is unique [12].
The moment the block hash value is calculated at once [13].
Changing something in the block will cause the hash value
to change [14]. In other words, the hash value helps detect
block changes. The third element of the block is the hash
value of the previous block. This hashing technique makes the
blockchain more secure because if anyone changes one of the
blocks in the blockchain [15], the hash value will change, and
the next block will become invalid because it does not store
a valid hash value of the block. The second mechanism is the
proof-of-work mechanism [16]. This mechanism slows down
the creation of new blocks [17]. This mechanism exists to
make it difficult to change a block because changing a block
means calculating the proof-of-work of the entire block. In
bitcoin, it takes 10 minutes to create a new block and add the
block to the chain [18].
B. Verification
Verification is an examination of the truth of reports, state-
ments, money calculations, and so on. If there is something
that cannot be verified by evidence, then the result is invalid
[19].
It is important to ensure that certificates issued by an
organization or institution are predictable and fair against a
specific set of criteria [20]. The identity of the parties in a
transaction against a third party needs to have complete trust
in the first party. Publishers must understand that there should
be an individual and independent verification system to create
trust [21]. Therefore, a system with multiple publishers, the
higher the level of standardization across the network, the
higher the likelihood of a degree of trust inherent in that
certification system.
II. R ESEARCH M ETHOD
Writing this journal uses a qualitative method with data
sources sourced from case studies, namely the preparation of
scientific activities carried out intensively, in detail and detail
about a program, event, and exercise, both at the individ-
ual, group, institutional and organizational levels to increase
knowledge intensively, about the event [22] in security science
is tied to the basic perception of cryptography, namely the art
and science of protecting data transmission by converting it as
a specific code and is only intended for people who only have
the key to change the code back which serves to safeguard the
confidentiality of data or messages which is the basis of the
analysis.
A. Literature Review
1) E-journals, often known as online journals, are journals
or magazines published electronically and have ISSN
(International Standard Serial Number). In essence, e-
journals and printed journals are the same, but e-journals
in their delivery require tools, some computers, and
others. Talking about e-journal matters, this is due to the
application of journals that cannot be separated from the
internet network, from accessing them to downloading
them [23].
2) Blockchain can be thought of as a public ledger, where
all the related transactions are recorded in the blockchain
[24]. Information is said to be weighty if there is good
data preparation, as needed in the blockchain, providing
in-depth data to make encoding very neatly with a high
level of security.
3) Irresponsible parties can still manipulate certificates that
have been claimed. The method used in this research is
using a literature study to strengthen the explanation of
the research problem. The research objective is to issue
an effective system for certificate documents with a data
protection system to determine if there is an act of data
forgery or falsification.
4) Verification issues and the existence of a third party in
certificate processing are the micros and macro output
of an assessment method. His research uses the Agile
Manifesto method, which acts as an essential represen-
tation containing past technological perspectives, which
are now increasing rapidly so that new technologies can
replace them. The purpose of his research is to become
the foundation for the platform and characteristics of
the new blockchain as the forerunner of blockchain
technology-based governance. Developments in online
learning management have not been matched by an equal
distribution of the course digitization system, which
can form soft and hard skills in several universities in
Indonesia, which has resulted in gaps for lecturers and
students who want to develop skills in them [25].
5) Archival authentication, especially on electronic
archives, is still considered an issue in the world of
libraries. The research used is a literature study as a
reference to answer various research problems. The
purpose of this research needs to be known for a more
profound study so that blockchain technology can fulfill
compliance with the basic concepts and principles of
archival science, especially in terms of authenticity
[26].
6) Educational institutions in Indonesia are required to
change learning methods and models by taking advan-
tage of the progress of the times. They are necessary to
optimally utilize technology in supporting the advance-
ment of education in. This study uses the mind mapping
method to be a way to summarize what can control the
brain to move naturally. Based on the problems raised
in this study, a different innovation is needed, namely
the mind mapping method. Mind mapping produces
the human brain thinking with good results and works
according to its role. Understand research in totality by
visualizing ideas with 5W1H development [27].
7) Blockchain information storage uses a distributed
database and as a data block logger. In the preparation
 stage, it is sourced from the timestamp. In the new
information, the box can not be removed. Minimizing Wt
the destruction of data and reducing the rate of fraud are
= Bab 0 ≤ t ≤ 15
functions of cryptographic algorithms. In development,
almost all centralized learning provides monotonous
quality courses. and the lack of public recognition of = σ1256 (Wt−2 ) + Wt−7 + σ0256 (Wt−15 ) + Wt−16
an efficient certification system [28].
16 ≤ t ≤ 63
B. Algorithm for Secure Hashing
W here
The first Secure Standard (SHS) was developed by the US
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in
1992, and it was based on weighted descriptions of secure hash
algorithms (SHA). Based on MD4, SHA-1, FIPS 180-3 [SHS] = σ1256 = ROT Rk 17 (x) ⊕ ROT Rk 19 (x)SHR10 (x)
has more strength. One of the most often used hash functions
is Hash Safe Algorithm (SHA-1) [SHS]. [29].Unfortunately, = σ0256 = ROT Rk 7 (x) ⊕ ROT Rk 18 (x)SHR3 (x)
compared to Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block
ciphers provided in 128-, 192-, and 256-bit keys, the speed The hash values Hi 0 to Hi 7 the variables have been assigned
of this standard Speed security is limited to that of 80-bit a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h. 32- or 64-bit words make up the first
block ciphers. This necessitates the development of a brand- eight hash values:
new SHA algorithm with security on par with the AES key’s 1) 64 constant 32-bit words are arranged in a succession.
strength [31]. NIST announced a new Secure Hash Standard K256
t 80 fixed 64-bit words or, K512
t the hash processing
2 after SHA-1’s shortcomings were recognized (SHA-2). The unit makes use of.
three Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA-2, SHA-3, and SHA-1) 2) Four logical processes are utilizedP byPthe processing
were introduced (256, 384, and 512) [30]. unit, Ch (x, y, z), Maj (x, y, z), 0 (x), 1 (x). The logic
functions Ch and Maj SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-
1) SHA-2
512 all have the same hash value. Ch (x, y, z) = (x ∧ y)
As previously indicated, Standard computes the con-
⊕ (⇁ x ∧ z) Maj (x, y, z) = (x ∧ y) ⊕ (x ∧ z) ⊕ (y ∧
densed form of electronic data using three hash func-
z)
tions: SHA-2 (256), SHA-2 (384), and SHA2(512).
Depending on the hash function chosen, the generated
message-digest has a length between 256 and 512 bits
X
(x) = ROT Rk 2 (x) ⊕ ROT Rk 13 (x)SHR22 (x)
[31]. SHA-256 encryption algorithm has a unique un- 0
readable hash and a higher security level than other X
encryption algorithms.Two steps can be used to divide (x) = ROT Rk 6 (x) ⊕ ROT Rk 11 (x)SHR25 (x)
each hash function operation: 1

a. Preprocessing The processing unit performs this step, 64 or 80 times on

The message is padded into multiples of 512 or a 512- or 1024-bit block.
1024 before the computation starts, depending on
X
T1 = h + (e) + ch(e, f, g) + Kt + Wt
the algorithm. [32]. Next, creating N messages by 1
parsing the padded message blocks B0 , B1 , . . . , X
Bn−1 , where the block size is 512 or 1024 bits T2 = (a) + M aj(b, c, d)
[36]. 0

b. Hash Computation h = g, g = f, f = e, e = d+T1 , d = c, c = b, b = a, a = T1 +T2

After preprocessing, each message block B0 , B1 ,
. . . , Bn−1 the order in which it is processed. The ith intermediate hash value Hi0 to Hi7 be computed by
Regarding each message block Bi , a messaging modulo-32 or modulo-64-bit adders after the iterations
schedule as a starting point Wt , computation of
hash values is done in the following phases (1–4) H0i = a+H0i−1 H1i = b+H1i−1 H2i = c+H2i−1 H3i = d+H3i−1
Hi 0 to Hi 7 during the fifteenth block.
Wt uses the same method as SHA-256 to
calculate, but logically the 41 functions σ 0 and σ 1 H4i = e+H4i−1 H5i = f +H5i−1 H6i = g+H6i−1 H7i = h+H7i−1
are different. Where ∈ {0,1}n , is 32 for SHA-256.
ROTRk (x): Bit right shift and right-shifting of The message digest is computed by P
the bit string in the right direction string by bits Hn0 ||H1n ||H2n ||H3n ||H4n ||H5n ||H6n ||H7n after processing
all N blocks in the message.
 Starting with the registration process, then log in with the
account that has been registered. After that, the user will
submit if it is rejected [33]. The user will be advised to
make the latest submission or make a revision. If accepted,
the publication process will be carried out. After the editorial
publication process will input the user data into the certificate
according to the metadata [34]. Before being processed by the
admin, a data recap will be carried out first. After the summary,
the admin receives the data from the editorial. In determining
data accuracy, the data is checked first. If it is appropriate,
the certificate will be printed, and then the certificate will be
submitted to the user [35].

Fig. 2. The Proposed System

of the identity of authors and researchers who already have

certificates.

Fig. 1. A Running System

Starting with the registration process in Fig. 1, then log

in with the account that has been registered. After that, the
user will submit if it is rejected. The user will be advised to
make the latest submission or make a revision. If accepted,
the publication process will be carried out. After the editorial
publication process will input the user data into the certificate
Fig. 3. Blockchain e-Certificate
according to the metadata. Before being processed by the
admin, a data recap will be carried out first. After the recap,
the admin receives the data from the editorial. In ensuring Above is the author’s certificate that has been blockchain,
data accuracy, the data is checked first. If it is appropriate, using SHA-256. Of course, the certificate is free from the
the certificate will be printed, and then the certificate will be fraudulent act of certificate forgery recently [36].
submitted to the user.
The accuracy of data from a file or document can be proven
More or less the same as before. Then the admin encrypts
by means of certificate verification. At the verification stage
with blockchain technology. When the admin sends it to the
there is a file when authentication is carried out, validation
user, then the user receives an encrypted certificate Fig. 2.
date, and so on as shown in the image below Fig. 4 [37].
III. R ESULT AND DISCUSSION With a blockchain-based system, the rightful owner of the
Writing this journal produces a journal that has been en- certificate no longer needs to doubt or fear that irresponsible
crypted. The code goes through the process described in the parties forge the files owned [38]. Of course, verification is
research method, and there is a code encryption process with straightforward. It can be done directly by the certificate holder
SHA-256 in Fig. 3. concerned and those who want to test whether it is genuinev
With a certificate that has been blockchain, it will undoubt- [39]. This blockchain system becomes influential in the current
edly have its own identity that has been authenticated and digital 4.0 era, and the quality of the certificate becomes a trust
verified. So that writers or researchers do not need to be afraid [40].

Fig. 4. Blockchain E-Certificate Verification
IV. C ONCLUSIONS AND R ECOMMENDATIONS
In the industrial era 4.0, crime is rampant everywhere, from
small to large. The crime that often occurs is the falsification
of certificates in various circles of public or private agencies.
Many parties or unscrupulous persons blame the data from
the certificate for personal gain causing harm to the original
certificate owner. So the authors suggest that certificates use
blockchain technology.
With blockchain technology, the certificate owner will feel
secure in the ownership of the following certificates with the
blockchain. Blockchain has benefits in the world of filing in
an agency or institution that is vulnerable to counterfeiting
crimes in this era of 4.0.
This blockchain technology can be developed in various
agencies or institutions that require this technology so that
the authenticity of the certificates or files owned can be
maintained.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The writers may be very thankful to the Faculty of Science
and Technology at the University of Raharja in Tangerang,
Indonesia, for providing resources that enabled this study to
be completed successfully. The writer could additionally want
to thank Alphabet Incubator, the University of Raharja, which
has furnished centers and monetary aid in the course of this
research.
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