Professional Documents
Culture Documents
大跨越输电线路防振锤和Bate阻尼线联合防振试验研究 汪峰
大跨越输电线路防振锤和Bate阻尼线联合防振试验研究 汪峰
5
2020 年 10 月 CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS Oct. 2020
汪峰 1 黄欲成 2 王丰 1 柏晓路 2
(1 三峡大学 防灾减灾湖北省重点实验室 443002 宜昌;2 中南电力设计院有限公司 430071 武汉)
线是一种分布型防振器,它是利用多种形式的花边
1 引 言 组合,耗散不同频段的微风振动能量。但是两者联
合防振设计时,防振锤的型号和数量、阻尼线的形
大跨越架空输电线在稳定层流微风作用下,其 式都会影响输电线路的防振效果,使输电线的微风
背风一侧会产生卡门涡激现象,使得输电线在竖直 振动特性变得复杂。
向发生上下简谐振动,即高频低幅、持续时间长的 目前,国内外学者针对输电线路防振金具的耗
微风振动[1]。该振动威胁了输电线路的运营安全, 能特性展开了广泛的研究。文献[3]通过有限元数值
严重时会引发输电线疲劳断股,影响输电线路的使 模拟方法和试验手段分析了输电线路电缆的频响特
用性能。为此,大跨越输电线路常采用防振锤和 Bate 性以及张力变化、安装 Stockbridge 减振器对导线振
阻尼线等防振金具进行微风防振设计,使得输电线 动响应的影响。文献[4]对非对称性防振锤进行数值
运营期的最大动弯应变小于规范值,保障线路的安 模拟和参数研究发现,固有频率与锤头的重量、大
全运营[2]。防振锤是利用锤头振动将导线振动的机 小、几何形状有关,提出了一种具有更多谐频率的
械能转化为热能,耗散微风振动能量。而 Bate 阻尼 新型减振器的分析模型,并采用有限元建模和试验
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51778343);中国电力工程顾问集团有限公司科技资助项目(DG1-D05-2015)
收稿日期:2019-06-11 修回日期:2020-03-24
第一作者简介:汪峰,男,1979 年生,博士,三峡大学,副教授;研究方向——工程结构振动控制。 E-mail:wanggoody@126.com
1958 应 用 力 学 学 报 第 37 卷
验证了新型减振器的多个频率。文献[5]通过建立防 具有专业的微风防振设计测试平台,不能满足我国
振锤的力学模型,分析了防振锤的功率特性、自振 特高压输电线路工程的快速发展。 “十三五”计划中,
频率、相位特性,探讨了防振锤的疲劳试验方法。 我国建设一批“西电东送”输电通道,全国新增
文献[6]进行了防振锤非线性阻抗特性的试验研究, 500kV 及以上大跨越交流线路 9.2×104km。因此,
结果表明,防振锤固有频率会随线夹振动速度增大 以大跨越特高强钢芯铝合金绞线 AACSR/UST-500/
而减小,但其阻抗会增大。文献[7]将 Bate 阻尼线静 280 导线为试验对象,基于 IEEE 导线振动指南,设
态线形简化为两端固定边界的梁受压力后的屈曲问 计导线振动特性试验平台,制定大跨越导线微风振
题,推导了阻尼线的形状方程,提出了阻尼线耗能 动试验方案,分析防振锤和 Bate 阻尼线联合防振条
理论计算公式。文献[8]开展了 Bate 阻尼线消振特性 件下的大跨越输电导线振动响应,研究防振锤型号
试验,研究了输电导线-阻尼线体系的振动特性。文 和数量对大跨越输电导线的微风振动影响。
献[9]采用摄动方法求解了 Bate 阻尼线的空间静态
线形,认为阻尼线的自振频率受轴力和花边长度的 2 试验概况
影响较大。文献[10]研究了导线张力大小对阻尼线
的防振效果影响,发现阻尼线的防振效果随输电导 2.1 试验设计及装置
线的运行张力发生变化。文献[11]开展了大跨越输
根据 IEEE 导线振动测试实验标准[16-17],结合
电线导线自阻尼特性试验,发现了导线刚度和张力
自身试验场地和设备条件,课题组设计和搭建了大
对输电线微风振动影响较大。文献[12]考虑边界和
跨越输电线-防振锤-Bate 阻尼线联合防振试验平
耦合连接条件,研究了两档输电线系统的特征值问
台,如图 1 所示,图中 L 为导线档距。试验平台由
题。文献[13-15]从不同角度分析了输电导线在微风
固定端系统、张拉系统、激励系统、数据采集系统
激励下的响应。
组成,试验档距为 36.20m。试验导线选用大跨越输
上述研究针对防振锤或者阻尼线等防振金具,
电线路大截面导线 AACSR/UST-500/280 型特高强
采用理论计算、数值仿真或试验方法,开展了输电
钢芯铝合金绞线,阻尼线采用 JL/G1A-630/45 钢芯
线风致振动耗能机理研究,为输电线的防振设计奠
铝绞线,线材参数如表 1 所示。
定了基础。大跨越输电线路因其张力大、线路参数
多变,微风耗能机理复杂。目前国内仅有少数机构
表 1 试验导线材料参数表
Tab.1 Material parameter of test conductor
导线型号 直径 截面积 单位质量 拉断力 弹性系数
(conductor type) (diameter)/mm (section area)/mm2 (unit mass)/kg·m-1 (rated tensile strength)/kN (elasticity coefficient)/GPa
AACSR/UST-500/280 36.4 782.38 3.6072 629.8 103.8
JL/G1A-630/45 33.6 673 2.0784 - 63.0
试验过程中实时测量导线张力并调整,致使导线张 输入振动频率及振幅,通过控制仪的调节振幅按钮
力变化值范围在 5%以下。激励系统通过可变频率、 调节至输入值,观察导线的振动时程曲线,待稳定
振幅的振动台施加激振力,模拟微风振动。本试验 后开始采集数据并记录导线的振动位移、加速度、
选用 ES-3 振动台,稳定地放置于导线下方。数据测 激励力。试验激振频率为 10Hz、15Hz、20Hz、22Hz、
量、采集系统包括 ZA-21 型非接触式电涡流位移传 25Hz、30Hz,每种激励频率有 3 种激振幅值,其范
感器、DH5922N 数据采集仪、力传感器、加速度传 围为 0.5mm~3mm。与研究内容相应的试验工况如
感器。位移传感器量程分别为 25mm 和 50mm,频 表 2 所示,联合防振试验工况下激振频率和振幅如
表 3 所示。导线振动稳定后波腹处位移时程曲线和
率响应时间为 0.2ms,分别置于导线 A700 处和波腹
频谱图如图 2 所示。
处,采集对应的振动幅值;而力传感器、加速度传
由图 2 可知,当振动系统激振作用时,输电导
感器分别置于振动台夹头、振动台台面处,采集对
线呈现周期性的简谐振动。文献[18]的研究表明,
应的激振力以及加速度。
输电导线在 0.5m/s~10m/s 的稳定微风作用下,会产
2.2 试验方法及测试方案 生高频低幅的竖向振动,其理想微风激励力为
CL d1v 2
首先张拉导线到目标张力,用索力计实时测量 Fwind sin(s t ) (1)
2
导线张力,并调试数据采集设备;然后开启振动台,
表 2 试验工况
Tab.2 Test conditions
阻尼线花边长 防振锤型号 振动台激振频率 振动台激振振幅
试验内容 防振锤数量
(lace length of (model of (excitation frequency of (excitation amplitude of
(test contents) (quantity of damper)
damping line) damper) vibration table)/Hz vibration table)/mm
联合防振特性
4m+3m+2m FR-4 2 10~30 0.5~3
(joint anti-vibration characteristics)
FR-4 1
防振锤型号影响
4m+3m+2m 10~30 0.5~3
(influence of damper model) FD-5 1
防振锤个数影响 FR-4 1
4m+3m+2m 10~30 0.5~3
(influence of the number of damper) FR-4 2
表 3 振动台激振频率和振幅
Tab.3 Excitation frequency and amplitude of vibration table
工况 振动台激振频率 振动台激振振幅
(cases) (excitation frequency of vibration table)/Hz (excitation amplitude of vibration table)/mm
1 1
2 10 2
3 3
4 1
5 15 2
6 3
7 0.25
8 20 0.5
9 0.75
10 0.5
11 22 1
12 1.5
13 0.5
14 25 1
15 1.5
16 0.5
17 30 1
18 1.5
1960 应 用 力 学 学 报 第 37 卷
3.2 不同型号防振锤对防振体系的影响
防振锤是输电线路主要的防振金具,其性能的
优劣对输电线路振动的影响较大。防振锤通常是由
两个锤头、钢绞线、线夹组成,通过线夹固定在导
线两端。实际工程中,合理选择和运用不同型号的
(a) 导线 A700 处位移
防振锤,可以有效耗散导线的微风能量,控制导线 (displacement of conductor at A700)
的振动幅值,降低自身动弯应变,防止导线发生疲
劳损坏。
为了研究不同型号防振锤对导线振动的影响,
选取常用的 FR-4 和 FD-5 两种型号防振锤来研究其
耗能特性。其中非对称 FR-4 型防振锤的锤头有 2 个
自由度且质量不一,其谐振频率有 4 个。而 FD-5
型的锤头对称,仅具有 2 个谐振频率。试验时导线
张力为 22%RTS,安装 4m+3m+2m 三花边 Bate 阻
(b) 导线波腹 A0 处位移
尼线和两个防振锤,防振锤安装在 4m 和 3m 阻尼 (displacement of conductor at A0)
线花边的档中,测量和记录 A700 处和波腹处位移,
金具安装与图 3(a)所示一致。分别安装不同型号的
防振锤与未安装防振锤的输电导线 -阻尼线体系的
试验结果如图 4 所示。
由图 4(a)、图 4(b)可知,安装两种不同型号的
防振锤,输电导线 A700 处和波腹处的振动位移均
呈现减小趋势。当激振频率为 20Hz,安装 FR-4 时,
导线波腹处最大位移值从 17.2mm 降到 1.8mm;安
装 FD-5 防振锤时导线波腹处最大位移值从 17.2mm (c) 线夹出口动弯应变
(dynamic bending strain at outlet of conductor clamp)
降到 1.1mm。因此,大跨越输电线路防振设计时, 图 4 安装不同型号防振锤时导线位移和动弯应变
Fig.4 Displacement and dynamic bending strain of transmission line with
建议根据输电导线的不同危险频段,选用对应型号 different types of damper
的防振锤,实现输电线路的微风消振控制。
3.3 防振锤数量对联合防振体系的影响
图 4(c)是激振幅值为 1mm 时,导线线夹出口的
动弯应变。由图可知,单一地安装阻尼线时,在激 防振锤的安装个数与输电线路的档距有关,我
励频率为 20Hz 左右时,输电线-阻尼线体系的动弯 国大跨越输电线每档设置 4~6 个防振锤,即每端设
应变值位于较高值。但是安装防振锤后,不论是 置 2~3 个。为了研究防振锤个数对输电导线-Bate
第5期 汪峰,等:大跨越输电线路防振锤和 Bate 阻尼线联合防振试验研究 1963
4 结 论
本文设计制作了防振锤和 Bate 阻尼线联合防
振特性试验平台,研究了联合防振条件下导线的振
动响应,分析了防振锤的型号及其数量对导线振动
的影响,得出如下结论。
1) 防振锤和 Bate 阻尼线能有效减小输电导线的振
(a) 导线 A700 处位移 幅位移幅值,且防振锤和阻尼线的联合防振的消振
(displacement of conductor at A700)
效果优于单一的防振锤或阻尼线;建议大跨越输电
线路采用联合防振设计。
2) 在相同的激励条件下,防振锤和 Bate 阻尼线防
振频段并不相同,防振锤在 20Hz 附近的防振效果
较好,而 Bate 阻尼线在低频段和高频段的防振效果
较好。
3) FR-4 和 FD-5 型防振锤均能有效降低导线的振
幅位移,但防振效果不同;FD-5 型防振锤在 20Hz、
25Hz 时稍好;建议大跨越输电线路采用不同型号的
(b) 导线波腹处 A0 位移
(displacement of conductor at A0) 防振锤,形成防振频段互补。
4) 防振锤的安装数量对输电线防振体系的抑振影
响较大;安装两个防振锤相比于安装一个防振锤而
言,导线线夹出口的动弯应变明显减小。
参 考 文 献 (References)
[1] 黄新波,赵隆,舒佳,等.输电线路导线微风振动在线监测技术[J].
高电压技术,2012,38(8):1863-1870.(HUANG Xinbo,ZHAO
[4] VAJA N K,BARRY O R,TANBOUR E Y.On the modeling and PENG Jian,et al.Nonlinear modelling and in-plane free vibrations of
analysis of a vibration absorber for overhead powerlines with multi-span transmission lines[J].Chinese journal of applied
Yuming.Inquire into mechanical properties of vibrating dampers[J]. transmission conductors[J].Journal of Zhengzhou university(engineering
识别[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(11):182-185.(LUO Xiaoyu, of the fatigue failure of an All-Aluminum Alloy Cable (AAAC) for a
ZHANG Yisheng,XIE Shuhong,et al.Nonlinear impedance tests for 230kV transmission line in the Center-West of Brazil[J].Engineering
vibration and shock,2013,32(11):182-185(in Chinese)). [15] KEYHAN H,MCCLURE G, HABASHI W G.Dynamic analysis of
[7] 李黎,叶志雄,江宜城,等.阻尼线的耗能计算及其在输电线防振 an overhead transmission line subject to gusty wind loading predicted
line damper sand its application to suppress aeolian vibration of [16] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.IEEE guide on
[8] 李黎,陈元坤,曹化锦,等.阻尼线耗能特性试验研究与理论分析[J]. [17] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.Guide for laboratory
CAO Huajin , et al.Energy dissipation characteristics of wire vibration for single conductors:664-1993[S].New York:IEEE,1993.
70-74.(WANG Yu,WANG Feng,LIU Wenjun,et al.Analysis of transmission line across Xunjiang river[J].World earthquake
spatial form and dynamic characteristic of β-damping line on large engineering,2003,19(2):82-86(in Chinese)).
devices[J].Science technology and engineering , 2017 , 17(4) : 华中科技大学,2009.(KONG Deyi.Research of transmission line
platform value and energy dissipation coefficient remain stable under different impact energies. The peak value of
velocity increases as the thickness of GFRP increases, while the maximum displacement and strain of specimen
decrease. The absorption of energy is less than initial kinetic energy of hammer due to the energy loss in the
process of impact.
Keywords: impact energy, impact resistance, dynamic response, plateau phase.
(1 Department of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, 710055, Xi’an, China;
2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, XAUAT, 710055, Xi’an, China;
3 China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 100038, Beijing, China;
4 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, 100038, Beijing, China)
Abstract: The expansion of spherical cavity is analyzed based on the generalized spatially mobilized plane
(generalized SMP) criterion and the non-associated flow rule. A yield criterion of spherical cavity expansion in
cohesive soil is obtained by using stress invariant. Then the stress field and the strain and displacement fields
considering dilatancy angle are derived employing the boundary conditions of soil around the spherical cavity. The
theoretical relationship formula among the expanding pressure p, initial radius a0 and expanded radius a is derived
by the volume conservation and the mean volumetric stain expression in plastic zone. The solution method of the
spherical cavity expansion and the expression of limit expansion pressure are obtained with the theoretical
relationship. The vertical displacement formula of squeezing soil due to compaction grouting is deduced by using
the image method. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the distributions of the stress fields and the
displacement fields at different dilatancy angles, and the influences of expanded radius a on the radius of plastic
zone rp and the expanding pressure p are analyzed. The results show that the dilatancy angle is an important
parameter in spherical cavity expansion. With the increase of dilatancy angle, the radial displacement decreases, the
radius of plastic zone rp and the expanding pressure p increase.
Keywords: generalized spatially mobilized plane (generalized SMP) criterion, spherical cavity expansion, volume
conservation, radius of plastic zone, expanding pressure.
(1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, China;
2 Central Southern china electric power design institute Co., Ltd, 430071, Wuhan, China)
Abstract: In order to grasp the influence of combined vibration protection by vibration hammer and beta damper
line on the breeze vibration of long-span transmission lines, based on the IEEE guideline for vibration testing of
transmission lines, a wind vibration test model of the combined system of long-span transmission lines, vibration
prevention hammer and beta damper line was designed and manufactured, and the vibration response of large-span
No.5 CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS ix
transmission lines under combined vibration protection is studied. The influence of the type and quantity of
vibration hammer on the breeze vibration of the vibration-proof system of large-span transmission lines was
analyzed. The test results show that the vibration displacement of transmission line can be effectively reduced by
anti-vibration hammer and damping line and the combined anti-vibration effect of anti-vibration hammer and
damping line is better than that of single anti-vibration hammer or damping line. Under the same excitation
conditions, the anti-vibration frequency bands of anti-vibration hammer and beta damping line are different, and the
anti-vibration effect of anti-vibration hammer near 20Hz is better, but the beta damping line is better at low
frequency and high frequency. Both FR-4 and FD-5 anti-vibration hammers can effectively reduce the amplitude
displacement of conductors. Different types of anti-vibration hammers have different anti-vibration effects. The
anti-vibration effect of FD-5 anti-vibration hammer is better at 20Hz~25Hz. The number of anti-vibration hammers
installed has a greater impact on the vibration of transmission line-beta damping line for anti-vibration system.
Keywords: large crossing transmission line, vibration hammer, Bate damping line, joint anti-vibration, vibration
elimination test.
(1 School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China;
2 State Key Laboratory of Subtroptical Building Science, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China;
3 China Construction Third Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., 430000 Wuhan, China;
4 Anhui Advanced Steel Structural Technology and Industrialization Collaborative Innovation Center, 230009, Hefei, China)
Abstract: The structural failure of the long-span roof is easily caused by the fluctuating wind loads, and research
on the wind load distribution and fluctuating characteristics is a critical basis for wind-resistant design. Taking the
long span skirted roof of Suzhou Taiping Financial Center as the engineering background, this paper uses the large
eddy simulation(LES) method to simulate and analyze the distribution of fluctuating wind pressure on the roof
surface, the power spectral density of fluctuating wind pressure, and the spatial coherence of the fluctuating wind
pressure. The simulation results suggest that the wind pressure energy of the roof concentrates in the low frequency
part of the windward state, and the corner area of the connection between the main body of the roof and the main
building may increase the fluctuating wind pressure under the action of the conical vortex. The coherence of the
fluctuating wind pressure between the measuring points decreases with the increase of the frequency and the
distance between the measuring points. At high frequencies, the coherence function is attenuated to below 0.2 and
can be considered as irrelevant.
Keywords: long-span skirted roof, large eddy simulation, fluctuating wind pressure, power spectrum, coherence.
2 Beijing Information Science and Technology University, School of mechanical and electrical engineering, 100192, Beijing, China)
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of attitude maneuver control of flexible spacecraft, a fuzzy sliding mode control