MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
SYNOPSIS - 1
COORDINATE PLANE
Let A,B be two points in a plane. Generally the distance between A and B
denoted by AB. The line segment joining A and B is denoted by AB . The
uuur
ray from A and passing through B denoted by AB . The ray from A and
uuur
passing through B is denoted by AB . The line passing through A and B is
suur
denoted by AB
suur suur
Let x x and y y be two mutually perpendicualr coordinate lines in a
suuuur
plane intersecting at O. The point O is called origin. The line xox is
called x - axis as horizontal line and y- axis as vertical line. Let p be a
point in the plane. Let L,M be the projections (feet of the perpendiculars )
of P on x - axis and y-axis respectively. Let x,y be the real numbers
suuuur suuuur
assigned to L,M on the lines x ox , y oy respectively.

M(y) P

x O L(x) x

y

Then x is called x - coordinate of P and y is called y - coordinate of P. The

point P is denoted by (x,y).
Every point in the plane can be represented by two numbers x,y
(coordinates) and every pair of real numbers determine a point in the
plane.
x- axis and y-axis are called coordinate axes and the plane is called
coordinate plane. The coordinate axes divide the plane into four equal
parts. Each part is called a quadrant. The regions xoy, yo x  , x oy  , y ox
are called I,II,III,IV quadrants respectively.
Let P(x,y) be a point in the coordinate plane. Then
1) P lies in I quadrant iff x > 0, y > 0
2) P lies in II quadrant iff x < 0, y >0
3) P lies in III quadrant iff x <0, y <0
4) P lies in IV quadrant iff x > 0, y < 0
5) P lies in the x - axis iff y = 0.
6) P lies in the y - axis iff x = 0.
7) If P = O, then x = 0, y = 0 i.e., the coordinates of the origin O are (0,0) .

319 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

Note : Let A  x1, y1  ,B  x 2 , y 2  be two points in the coordinate plane. Then

suur suur
(i) AB is a horizontal line iff y1  y 2 and (ii) AB is a vertical line iff
x1  x 2 .
We state some results without proofs in this chapter which were learnt in
previous classes.
Distance between two points
Let A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  be any two points on a line not parallel to the axes.
From the adjacent figure we have the right angle triangle ABC.

Y
B

x1, y 1 
A
C y2
x1 x 2  x1
y1

X
O
x2

AB2  AC2  BC2 But AC  x2  x1,BC  y2  y1

 AB2   x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2

 x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2
AB 

NOTE : The distance to the point A  x1 , y1  from origin is x12  y12

Illustration : 1. Find the distance between the points (1, 2) and (3, 2)
Solution : Let A   x1, y1   1,2

B =  x 2 , y 2  =  3,2

)
,y 2
2 B
(x
)
,y 1
(x1

 x2  x1    y2  y1   3  1   2  2 =
2 2
 2  0
2 2
 Distance of AB 
2 2
= = 2
units

IX Class - Maths 320

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

Illustration : 2. Find the distance to the point (2,1) from origin

Solution : Let A= (x1, y1 )  (2,1)

 Distance of OA  x12  y12 = 22  12  5 units

Collinear points : The points which lie on the same line are called collinear
points, If three points A, B, C are collinear then AB + BC = AC
(or) AC + CB = AB
(or) BA + AC = BC

A B C
A C B
B A C
Note 1) : If A,B,C are collinear then A,B,C lie on the same line
Note 2) : A,B,C are collinear , then the area of  ABC is zero
Illustration : Show that the points (-1, 7), (3, -5), (4, -8) are collinear
Solution : Let A = (-1, 7), B = (3, -5), C = (4, -8) are given points

the distance between two points  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  is  x2  x1    y2  y1 

2 2

 3  1   5  7   42   12   16  144  160  4 10 units

2 2 2
 AB 

 4  3   8  5
2 2
BC   12  32  10 units

 1  4    7  8 
2 2
CA   25  225  250  5 10 units

Now, AB+BC  4 10  10  5 10  AC
 A, B, C are collinear.
Dividing a line segment in a given ratio (section formulae) :

A P
(P divides AB in the ratio m : n internally.)
n
P m A B
(P divides AB in the ratio m : n externally.)
Section formulae :
The point ‘P’ which divides the line segment joining the points
A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  in the ratio m:n

321 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

 mx2  nx1 my2  ny1 

i) internally is  , ; m  n  0
 mn mn 

 mx2  nx1 my2  ny1 

ii) externally is  , ; m  n
 mn mn 
Illustration : Find the points which divide the line segment joining the points
(1, –3), (–3, 9) in the ratio 1:2 internally and externally.
Solution : Let A  ( x1 , y1 )  1, 3 , B   x2 , y2    3,9  and ratio =m :n = 1 : 2

The point which divides AB in the ratio 1:2 internally is

 mx  nx1 my2  ny1 

 2 , 
 mn mn 

 1  3  2  1 1  9  2  3   1 
 ,    ,1
 1 2 1 2   3 
The point which divides AB in the ratio 1:2 externally is

 mx  nx1 my2  ny1 

 2 , 
 mn mn 

 1  3  2  1 1  9  2  3   3  2  1 9  6   5 15 
 ,   ,  , 
 1 3 1 3   2 2   2 2 

Mid point of a line segment :

Let A   x1 , y1  , B   x2 , y2 

If P is the mid point of the line segment AB then P divides AB in the ratio 1:1
internally. Let m:n=1:1

 mx2  nx1 my2  ny1   1 x2  1 x1 1 y2  1 y1   x1  x2 y1  y2 

Now P   ,   ,   , 
 mn mn   11 11   2 2 

i.e ., the mid point of line segment joining of  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  is

 x1  x2 y1  y2 
 , 
 2 2 
Illustration : Find the mid point of the line segment joining (1, 2) and (1, 4).
Solution : Let A  (x1, y1 )  (1,2) , B  (x 2 , y 2 )  (1,4)

 x1  x2 y1  y2   1  1 2  4 
Now, mid point of AB   , =  ,   1,3 
 2 2   2 2 

IX Class - Maths 322

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

The points of trisection of a line segment :

P divides AB in the ratio 1:2

Q divides AB in the ratio 2:1
Here P, Q are called the points of trisection of the line segment AB
Note : The points which divide a line segment in the ratio 1:2 and 2:1 are called
the points of trisection of the line segment.
Illustration : Find the points of trisection of the segment joining (3, 2) and (6, 5)
Solution : Let A  (x1, y1 )  (3,2) , B  (x 2 , y 2 )  (6,5)

Let the point P divides AB in the ratio 1:2 and the point Q divides AB in the
ratio 2:1, internally.

When m : n= 1 : 2

 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1   1(6)  2(3) 1(5)  2(2) 

P   ,   ,   (4,3)
 mn m  n   1 2 1 2 
When m : n = 2 :1

 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1   2(6)  1(3) 2(5)  1(2) 

Q   ,  ,   (5, 4)
 mn m  n   2 1 2 1 
 The points of trisection are (4,3), (5,4).
NOTE :
1. The point P(x,y) divides the line segment joining A  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  in
x1  x : x  x 2 (or) y1  y : y  y 2

i.e AP = PB = x1  x  x  x 2

2. x-axis divides the line segment joining  x1, y1  and  x2 , y2  in the ratio  y1 : y2

3. y-axis divides the line segment joining  x1, y1  and  x2 , y2  in the ratio  x1 : x2
Illustration :
1. Find the ratio in which (2, 1) divides the line segment joining (1, 4) & (4, 5).
Solution : Let P(x, y) = (2,1) , given A(x1, y1 )  (1,4) and B(x 2 , y 2 )  (4,5)

 The required ratio  x1  x : x  x2  1  2 : 2  4  1 : 2 = 1 : 2

 The points divides the line segment in the ratio of 1:2 internally

323 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS
Illustration :
2. Find the ratio in which x-axis and y-axis divide the line segment joining
the points (–3, 5) and (3, –7).
Solution : Let A(x1 , y1 )  (3,5) and B(x 2 , y 2 )  (3, 7)
The ratio in which
 x-axis divides AB   y1 : y 2   5 :  7  5 : 7
The ratio in which
 y-axis divides AB   x1 : x 2    3  : 3  1 :1
Second - order determinant :
a b
The expression is called the second-order determinant.
c d

a b
It is defined as = ad-bc
c d

4 3
Example :   4 1  3  2   4  6  2.
2 1
Area of a triangle :
1. The area of the triangle formed by the points A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  and C  x3 , y3 

1 1 x1  x2 x1  x3 1 x1  x2 x3  x1
=
2
x y
1 2  y3  (or)
2 y1  y2 y1  y3 (or)
2 y1  y2 y3  y1
sq.units

2. The area of the triangle formed by the points O  0, 0  , A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2 

1
= x1 y2  x2 y1 sq.units.
2
Illustration : 1. Find the area of the triangle formed by the points (5,1), (9,3) and
(3,5)
Solution : Let A   x1 , y1    5, 2 

B   x2 , y2    9,3

C   x3 , y3    3,5 

1 x1 x2 x3 x1 15 9 3 5
 Area of ABC  2 y 
1 y2 y3 y1 22 3 5 2

1 1 1
 15  18  45  9  6  25  3  36  19  14 = 7 sq.
2 2 2
units.

IX Class - Maths 324

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

Illustration : Find the area of the triangle formed by the points (0,0), (1,0) and
(0,1).
Solution: Let O=(0,0)
A   x1 , y1   1, 0  B   x2 , y2    0,1

1 1 1 1
 Area of ABC  x1 y2  x2 y1  11   0  0   1  0 = sq unit.
2 2 2 2
NOTE :
1. Three points A,B,C are collinear if the area of ABC is zero.
2. If D,E,F are the mid points of the sides of the ABC then the area
of ABC = 4 (area of DEF ).
3. If G is the centroid of the ABC then area of ABC = 3(area of GAB )

WORK SHEET - 1
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE
1. The distance between the points (7, 9) and (3, -7) is
(1) 4 15 (2) 4 17 (3) 17 4 (4) 17 5

2. The distance between the points  

3  1, 2  1 and  
3  1, 2  1 is

(1) 3 (2) 2 3 (3) 2 (4) 2 2

3. The distance between the points (4, p) and (1, 0) is 5 then p =
(1) 4 (2) 4 (3) -4 (4) 0
4. The distance between ( cos  , sin  ) and ( sin  ,  cos  )
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 0
5. The distance between the points (a sin 60, 0) and (0, a sin 30) is
a a
(1) 2 (2) a 2 (3) 3 (4) none
6. The distance between two points is 5. One of them is (3, 2) and the ordinate of the second is -1
then its x coordinates are
(1) 7, -1 (2) -7, 1 (3) -7, -1 (4) 7, 1
7. A line is of length 10 and one end is (2, -3). If the abscissa of the other end is 10 then its ordinate
=
(1) 3 or 9 (2) -3 or -9 (3) 3 or -9 (4) -3 or 9
8. The nearest point from the origin is
(1) (2, -3) (2) (5, 0) (3) (2, -1) (4) (1, 3)
9. The perimeter of the triangle formed by (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1) is
(1) 1 2 (2) 2 1 (3) 3 (4) 2 2

325 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

10. The vertices of a triangle are (0, 0), (0, 2) and (2, 0). The distance between the circumcentre and
orthocentre is
(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) 1 2 (4) none

11. The points (2a, 4a). (2a, 6a) and  2  3  a,5a are the vertices of an
(1) equilateral triangle (2) obtuse angled triangle
(3) isosceles triangle (4) none
12. The third vertex of the equilateral triangle whose two vertices are (2, 4), (2, 6) is
(1) ( 3 , 5) (2) ( 2 3 , 5) (3) (2 + 3 , 5) (4) (2, 5)
13. The base vertices of a right angled isosceles triangle are (2, 4) and (4, 2) then its third vertex is
(1) (1, 1) or (2, 2) (2) (2, 2) or (4, 4)
(3) (1, 1) or (3, 3) (4) (2, 2) or (3, 3)
14. Three points (0, 0), (3, 3 ), (3,  ) form an equilateral triangle. Then  =
(1) 2 (2) -3 (3) -4 (4)  3
15. Mid points of the sides AB and AC of  ABC are (3, 5) are (3, 5) and (-3, -3) respectively, then
the length of BC =
(1) 10 (2) 15 (3) 20 (4) 30
16. The angles A, B and C in a  ABC are in A.P. AB = 6, BC = 7 then AC =
(1) 5 (2) 2 (3) 8 (4) none
17. The radius of the circum circle of the triangle formed by (0, 0), (4, 4) and (0, 8) is
(1) 3 2 (2) 2 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
18. If O is the origin and P = (x1, y1), Q = (x2, y2) then OP. OQ. cos POQ =
(1) x1y1 + x2y2 (2) x1x2 --- y\y2 (3) x1x2 + y1y2 (4) x1y2 --- x2y1
19. The coordinates of the point on the x-axis which is equidistant from the points (---3, 4) and (2, 5)
are
4 
(1) (20, 0) (2) (---23, 0) (3)  , 0 (4) none of these
5
20. The number of points equidistant to three given distinct collinear points, is
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) Infinite
21. The number of points equidistant of three given non-collinear points, is
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) Infinite
22. The points (t, 2t), (---2, 6) and (3, 1) are collinear then t =
(1) 3 / 4 (2) 4 / 3 (3) 3 (4) 4
23. The points (2, 1), (8, 5) and (x, 7) lie on a straight line. Then the value of x is
2
(1) 10 (2) 11 (3) 11 (4) 12
3

IX Class - Maths 326

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

24. The points (a, 0), (at12, 2at1) and (at22, 2at2) are collinear then t1t2 =
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3)  1 (4)  2
25. The points (1, 2), (  5, 6) and (a,  2) are collinear then a =
(1)  1 (2) 7 (3) 2 (4)  2
26. The points (t, 2t), (  2, 6) and (3, 1) are collinear then t =
(1) 3/4 (2) 4/3 (3) 5/3 (4) 3/5
27. If (p + 1, 1), (2p + 1, 3), (2p + 2, 2p) are collinear then p =
(1) 1/2 or 2 (2) 1/2 or  2 (3) 2 or  1/2 (4) none
28. The points (k, 2k), (3k, 3k) and (3, 1) are collinear than k =
(1) 1/3 (2)  1/3 (3) 2/3 (4)  2/3
29. The ratio in which (  3, 4) divides the line joining (1, 2) and (7,  1) is
(1) 2 :  5 (2) 5 : 2 (3) 1 :  5 (4) 1 : 5
30. The point which divides the line joining the points (a + b, a  b) and (a  b, a + b) in the ratio a
: b is
 a 2  b 2  a  b 2   a 2  ab b 2  ab 
(1)  ,  (2)  a  b , a  b 
 ab ab 

 a 2  ab 2 a 2  b 2  2ab 
(3)  a  b , ab  (4) none

31. The point (22, 23) divides the join of P(7, 5) and Q externally in the ratio 3 : 5, then Q =
(1) (3, 7) (2) (  3, 7) (3) (3,  7) (4) (  3,  7)
32. The point of trisection of the line joining the points (  2,  19) and (5, 4) is
(1) (2,  3) (2) (1, 2) (3) (1/3,  34/3) (4) (8/3, +11/3)
33. The points A(1, 2); B(  3, 4); C (7,  1) are collinear. The ratio in which A divides BC is
(1) 2 : 3 (2) 3 : 2 (3)  2 : 3 (4)  3 : 2
34. The ratio in which the x-axis divides the line segment joining (3, 6) and (12,  3) is
(1) 2 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (3)  2 : 1 (4)  1 : 2
35. The ratio in which (4, 5) divides the join of (2, 3), (7, 8) is
(1)  2 : 3 (2)  3 : 2 (3) 3 : 2 (4) 2 : 3
36. The line segment joining (  3,  4) and (1,  2) is divided by y-axis in the ratio
(1) 1 : 3 (2) 2 : 3 (3) 3 : 1 (4) 3 : 2
37. P divides AB if
(1) P, A, B form a triangle (2) PA = PB
(3) P, A, B are collinear (4) P, A, B are not collinear
38. The mid-points of AB, BC and CA of ΔABC are (6,  1) (  4,  3), (2,  5). The centroid is
the ΔABC is
(1) (4,  9) (2) (4/3,  3) (3) (4,  12) (4) none
39. The centroid of a triangle formed by (7, p), (q,  6), (9, 10) is (6, 3) then (p, q) =
(1) (4, 5) (2) (5, 4) (3) (  5,  2) (4) (5, 2)

327 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

40. The points (k, 3) is the centroid of the triangle formed by (2, 4), (3, k) and (4, 2) then k =
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5
41. The centroid of the triangle formed by (1, 2), (  2, 2) and (1, 5) is
(1) (1, 2) (2) (0, 3) (3) (  2, 2) (4) (5, 1)
42. The points (9,  9), (8,  2), (1,  3) are the vertices of
(1) isosceles Δ (2) right angled Δ
(3) right angled isosceles Δ (4) none
43. The points (1, 6), (5, 2), (12, 9) and (8, 13) form a
(1) parallelogram (2) square (3) rectangle (4) rhombus
44. The points ( Δ 2, 1), (0, 3), (2, 1), (0, Δ 1) form a
(1) rhombus (2) rectangle (3) square (4) parallelogram
45. The triangle with vertices (2, 4), (2, 6) and ( 2 + 3 , 5) is
(1) right angled (2) right angled isosceles
(3) equilateral (4) obtuse angled
46. The points (  5, 12), (  2,  3), (9,  10) and (6, 5) taken in order form
(1) a square (2) a parallelogram (3) a trapezium (4) a line
47. The points (  a,  b), (0, 0) and (a, b), (a2, ab) are
(1) collinear (2) form a parallelogram
(3) concyclic (4) form a rectangle
48. The area of the triangle formed by (a + 3, a  3), (a  4, a + 5) and (a, a) is
(1) 0 (2) a (3) 7/2 (4) a2
49. In a triangle the radius of the circumcircle is double the radius of the inscribed circle, then the
triangle is
(1) isosceles (2) right angled (3) equilateral (4) none
50. A circle and a square have the same perimeter. Then
(1) their areas are equal (2) the area of the circle is larger
(3) area of the square is larger (4) area of circle =  (area of square)
51. The points ( ,  ) , ( ,  ) , ( ,  ) and ( ,  ) , where  ,  ,  ,  are different real numbers, are
(1) collinear (2) vertices of a square
(3) vertices of a rhombus (4) concyclic
52. If x1, x2, x3 are in A.P. and y1, y2, y3 are also in A.P., then the points (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) form
(1) a right angled triangle (2) an equilateral triangle
(3) collinear points (4) none
53. If the lengths of two medians of a triangle are equal, then the triangle is
(1) right angled (2) equilateral (3) scalene (4) isosceles
54. The figure formed by joining successive midpoints of a rectangle is a
(1) rhombus (2) rectangle (3) square (4) parallelogram
55. If A = (5, 3), B = (11,  5), P = (12, y) and APB = 90° then y =
(1)  2 or 4 (2)  2 or  4 (3) 2 or  4 (4) 2 or 4
MULTI ANSWER TYPE
56. Let A  x1 , y1  B  x 2 , y 2  be any two points distance between two points

 x 2  x1    y 2  y1   x 2  x1    y 2  y1 
2 2 2 2
1) 2)

 x1  x 2    y1  y 2   x 2  x1    y 2  y1 
2 2 2 2
3) 4)

IX Class - Maths 328

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

57. ABC is an isosceles triangle whose base is BC. If B and C are (a + b, b - a)

and (a - b, a + b) then coordination of A may be
a b  b
1) (a.b) 2) (b,a) 3)  ,  4) 1, 
b a  a
REASONING ANSWER TYPE
58. Statement I : The points A  5,2 , B  7,9  ,C  9,16  are collinear.
Statement II : If three points A, B, C are collinear then AB + AC = BC or AC
+ CB = AB or AB + BC = AC.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
59. Statement I : The vertices (3, 2), (0, 5), (–3, 2), (0, –1) represents the
vertices of a square.
Statement II : The sides of a square are equal and the diagonals of it bisect
each other and are equal.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
COMPREHENSION TYPE
The points A, B and C are called collinear points if they lie on the same line. If
three points are collinear then AB + BC = AC (or) AC + CB = AB (or) AC + AB =
BC.
Based on the above passage answer the following questions.
60. If A(2, 7), B(8, 3) and C(14, -1) are collinear then which of the following is
true.
1) AB + BC = AC 2) AC + CB = AB 3) AB + AC = BC 4) All the above
61. If A, B and C are collinear then the area of  ABC is

1) Positive real 2) Negative real 3) 0 4)Complex number

62. If A(-1, 3), B(2, p) and C(5, -1) are collinear then the value of p is

1) 0 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE
63. Column-I Column-II
a) Distance between (5, 3), (8, 7) 1) -3
b) Distance between (0, 0), (-4, 3) 2) 5
 1 3   3 1 
c) Distance between  ,  ,  ,  3) 3
2 2  2 2 
d) If (1, x) is at 10 units from(0, 0) then x = 4) 5
5) 4

329 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

64. If (p + 1, 1), (2p + 1, 3) and (2p + 2, 2p) are the vertices of a triangle then
match the following.
Column-I Column-II
Value of p Area of the triangle
a) p = 0 1) 7/2
b) 2) 25/2
c) p = 3 3) 3/2
d) p = –3 4) 1
INTEGER ANSWER TYPE
65. A ( 0, 2 ), B ( 0, 5 ) be any two points, then the distance between them
is______
SYNOPSIS - 2
Inclination of a line : The angle made by a line with x-axis in the anticlock wise
direction is called its steepness or inclination.
If is the inclination of the line, then
The following lines m are making angles respectively with x-axis

Slope of a line :
If is the inclination of the line, then tan is called the slope of the l i n e .
It is denoted by ‘m’ i.e., m = tan or
The ratio between the difference of y co-ordinates and x co-ordinates of any
two points on the line is a constant, this constant ratio is called the slope of
the given line.
Illustration :
Let us find the slope of the line y = x.
Let O, A, B, C, ....... be the points on the line with O = (0, 0), A = (1, 1), B = (2,
2) and C(3, 3). Now, for any two points of O, A, B and C

IX Class - Maths 330

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

Difference of y  co  ordinates 1 0 2 1 3  2
    1 a constant.
Difference of x  co  ordinates 1 0 2 1 3  2
This constant is called the slope of the given line  m  1
Formula :
If ' ' is the inclination of a line and  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  are any two points on it

y2  y1 Difference of y co  ordinates
then its slope  m   tan   
x2  x1 Difference of x co  ordinates
Result : 1
Slope of a line parallel to x-axis is ‘zero’.
We know the equation of the line parallel to x-axis is y  k , k  R

Let A  x1 , k  and B  x2 , k  be two distinct points on it.

Difference of y  co  ordinates  k  k  0
; x1  x 2 = 0
Now slope (m) =
Difference of x  co  ordinates x 2  x1 x 2  x1
 Slope of any line parallel to x-axis is zero.
In particular the slope of x-axis is zero
Result : 2
Slope of a line parallel to y-axis is ‘not defined’.
Let the equation of a line parallel to y-axis be x=k, k  R

Let A  k , y1  and B  k , y2  be two distinct points on it, clearly y1  y2

Difference of y  co  ordinates y2  y1 y y
Now slope (m) = Difference of x  co  ordinates   2 1 where y1  y2
k k 0

= undefined (Q divison with zero)

 Slope of any line parallel to y-axis is ‘undefined’
In particular the slope of y-axis is ‘undefined’.
NOTE : 1. If slope of AB = slope of BC then A,B,C are collinear.

2. Slope of a line y = mx or y = mx + c  m, c  R  is ‘m’.

Illustration : Find the slope of a line 5x + 2y = 0
Solution : Given line is 5x + 2y = 0  2y = –5x
5 5
 y= x which is of the form y = mx  slope (m) =
2 2
Illustration : Find the slope of a line 2x + y + 7 = 0
Solution : Given line is 2x + y + 7 = 0
 y  2x  7  y  2x  (7) , which is of the form of y = mx + c

 slope (m) = - 2.

331 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

Illustration : Find the slope of a non-vertical line ax + by + c = 0

Solution : Given line is ax + by + c = 0  by   ax  c

 a   c 
 y  x    which is in the form of y = mx + c
 b   b 
a
 slope (m) 
b
NOTE : 1) The general form of a straight line is ax + by +c = 0, where a  b  0

a
2) Slo pe of a non-verti cal line ax + by + c = 0 is m = =
b
coefficient of x
coefficient of y
By observing the following diagram

y=
–x
+1

We can conclude that

1. Any two lines are parallel if their slopes are equal.
2. Any two lines are perpendicular if the product of their slopes is equal to
‘-1’.
NOTE : 1. Parallel lines differ only by their constants.
2. In the above two lines, no line is parallel to either of the axes.
Illustration : Show that the lines 4x + 8y = 0, 2x + 4y = 9 are parallel
Solution : For the given line 4x + 8y = 0
 coefficient of x 4 1
Slope (m1 )  coefficient of y    
8 2
For the given line is 2x + 4y = 9
 coefficient of x 2 1
Slope (m2 )  coefficient of y  
4
 
2

1
m1  m2    Given lines are parallel
2

IX Class - Maths 332

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

Illustration : Show that the lines 4x + 5y + 1 = 0 and 5x - 4y + 7 = 0 are

perpendicular.
Solution : For the given line 4x + 5y + 1 = 0
coefficient of x 4
Slope  m1    .
coefficient of y 5
For the given line 5x - 4y + 7 = 0
coefficient of x 5 5
Slope  m2     .
coefficient of y 4 4

 4 5
Now, m1  m2         1
 5 4
 Given lines are perpendicular
Various forms of a Straight Line
1. Slope form (Gradient form) :
Equation of a line passing through the origin and having slope m :
Let ‘ l ’ be the line passing through (0, 0) with slope ‘m’
Let P(x, y) be any point on l

y0 y
Slope of OP   m   m  y  mx
x0 x

Illustration : Find the equation of the line passing through (0, 0) whose slope is
5.
Solution : Slope of given line (m) = 5
Required line is y = mx  y  5x
Intercepts of a line :

333 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

If a line ' l ' cuts x-axis at A(a, 0), y-axis at B(0, b) then
its x-intercept = a, y-intercept = b.
2. Slope Intercept form of a line :
Equation of a line with slope ‘m’ and the y-intercept ‘c’.
If ‘ l ’ is a line with y-intercept ‘c’ and slope ‘m’.
Let l meets y-axis at A(0, c)
Let P(x, y) be a point on l
Then slope of AP = m

yc
 m  y  c  mx  y  mx  c
x0
Illustration : Find the equation of the line with slope 4, y -intercept 5.
Solution : Given y-intercept(c) = 5 and slope of the line (m) = 4
 The required equation is y = mx + c  y = 4x + 5
3. Point slope form :
The equation of a line passing through P  x1 , y1  and having slope ‘m’.

If ‘ l ’ is a line passing through P  x1 , y1  and having slope m.

Let Q(x, y) be a point on l .

y y
Then slope of PQ = m 
1
 m  y  y  m x  x 
x  x1 1 1

Illustration : Find the equation of a line passing through (1, 2) having a slope 3.
Solution : Given slope of the line (m) = 3 and a point  x1 , y1   1, 2 
Equation of the line is y  y1  m  x  x1 

 y  2  3  x  1  y  2  3 x  3  y  3 x  1
4. Intercept form of a line :
Let ‘ l ’ be a line with the x-intercept ‘a’ and y-intercept ‘b’.
Then l meet the x-axis at A(a, 0) and y-axis at B(0, b). Thus A,B are two points
on l .

IX Class - Maths 334

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

b0 b
The slope of line l  m  slope of AB  
0a a
y-intercept of l is (c) = b
 Equation of line in slope intercept form is y  mx  c
b
 y x  b  bx + ay = ab, dividing the equation with ab
a
x y
  1
a b
Illustration : Find the line whose x intercept is -2 and y intercept is 3.
Solution : Given x-intercept(a) = - 2
and y-intercept(b) = 3
x y x y
Equation of the line in Intercept form is  1    1  3x  2 y  6  0
a b 2 3
Illustration : Find the intercepts made by 5x - 4y + 20 = 0 on the co-ordinate
axes.
Solution : Given 5x - 4y + 20 = 0
 5 x  4 y  20  x intercept = -4 and y-intercept = 5
NOTE : 1) To get x intercept substitute y = 0 and to get y intercept substitute
x=0 in the given equation i.e., 4x - 5y + 20 = 0
if x  0  5 y  20  0
if y = 0  4 x  20  0  5 y  20  4 x  20  y  4  x  5
 y- intercept = 4  x-intercept = -5
2) If ax + by + c = 0 is the equation of a line, then
c c
We have x intercept = - and y intercept = -
a b
5. Two point form of a line :

Suppose’ l ’ is the line passing through the points A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  .

y y
Then the slope of ' l ' is (m) = slope of AB 
2 1

x2  x1

335 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

By point slope form of a line the equation of line l is

y2  y1
y  y1   x  x1    x  x1  y2  y1  =  y  y1  x2  x1 
x2  x1
Illustration :Find the equation of the line passing through (3,4) and (-5,1)
Solution : Given points  x1 , y1    3, 4  and  x2 , y2    5,1
x  x1 y  y1 x3 y 4
Equation of a line is     3 x  8 y  23  0
x1  x2 y1  y2 3  5 4 1
NOTE :
1) For ax + by + c = 0 to represent a straight line the condition is a  b  0 i.e.,
a & b are not simultaneously zero.
2) The equation of the line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 and passing through  x1 , y1 

is a  x  x1   b  y  y1   0.
3) The equation of the line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 and passing through
 x1, y1  is b  x  x1   a  y  y1   0.
4) The equation of a line parallel to x-axis at a distance k units from it is y = k.
5) The equation of a line parallel to y-axis at a distance k units from it is x = k.

WORK SHEET - 2
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE
1. The equation of the line which makes 45° with x-axis and passes through (1, 0) is
1) x + y – 1 = 0 2) x – y – 1 = 0 3) x + y + 1 = 0 4) x – y + 1 = 0
2. The equation of the straight line which passes through the point (3, 4) and
whose intercept on y - axis is twice that on x-axis, is
1) 2x – y = 10 2) x + 2y = 10 3) 2x + y = 10 4) None of these
3. The slope of the line joining the points (–3, 2) and (5, –4) is
1) –3/4 2) 3/4 3) 4/3 4) –4/3
x y
4. The slope of the line + = 1 is
a b
1) –a/b 2) –b/a 3) a/b 4) b/a
5. The equation of the straight line through the points (3, 3) and (7, 6) is
1) 3x – 4y + 3 = 0 2) 3x + 4y – 3 = 0 3) 3x – 3y – 1 = 0 4) none
Equatio n of the straight line joining the points  am1 , 2am1 
2
6. and

 am 2 2 , 2am 2 
1) 2x + (m1 + m2)y – 2am1m2 = 0 2) 2x – (m1 + m2)y + 2am1m2 = 0
3) 2x – (m1 + m2)y – 2am1m2 = 0 4) none

IX Class - Maths 336

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

7. The equation of the straight line which cuts off an intercept 3 from
positive direction of the y-axis and is inclined at an angle 60° with
the positive direction of x-axis is
1) 3x  y  3  0 2) 3x  y  3  0 3) x  3y  3  0 4) x  y 3  3
8. Let P and Q be the points on the line segment joining A(–2, 5) and B(3, 1)
such that AP = PQ = QB. Then the midpoint of PQ is

1   1 
1)  ,3  2)   ,4  3)  2,3  4)  1, 4 
2   2 

9. If the line joining the points  at 2

1 ,2at1  and  at 22 , 2at 2  is parallel to y

= x, then t1 + t 2 =

1 1
1) 2) 4 3) 4) 2
2 4
10. The equation of the line intersecting the y - axis at a distance of 2 units above the
origin and making an angle of 300 with the positive direction of the x - axis is
1) x  3y  2  0 2) x  3y  2 3  0

3) 3x  y  2 3  0 4) None of these

 c  c
11. The equation of the line passing through the points  ct1 , t  ,  ct2 , t  is
 1   2 

1) x  t1t 2 y  c  t1  t 2  2) y  t1t 2 x  c  t1  t 2 

3) x  t1t 2 y  c  t1  t 2  4) y  t1t 2 x  c  t1  t 2 

1 k 1 k
12. If the slope of the line  +  x +  +  y  1 + k  = 0 is –1 then the value of
a b b a
k is]
1) 2 2) –1 3) 1 4) – 2
13. P  ,   lies on the line y = 6x – 1 and Q ,   lies on the line 2x – 5y = 5. Then
the equation of the line PQ is
1) 2x + y = 3 2) 3x + 2y = 5 3) x + y = 6 4) 3x + y = 7
14. The equation of the straight line joining the points (c cos  , c sin  ) and
(c cos , c sin  ) is
( + ) ( + ) ( +  ) ( + ) ( + ) (   )
1) x cos  y sin  c cos 2) x cos  y sin  c cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
( + ) (  ) (  )
3) x cos  y sin  c cos 4) none
2 2 2

337 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

15. If 4a 2 + 9b2  c 2 +12ab = 0 , then the set of lines ax + by + c = 0 passes through

the point
1) (1, 2) (–1, –2) 2) (2, 3) (–2, –3) 3) (2, –3), (–2, 3) 4) (1, –2), (–1, 2)
16. In  ABC, the midpoint of CA is origin and BC ||y-axis, AB ||x-axis. If A = (–
4, b) and C = (a, 8), then the area of the  ABC is
1) 32 sq. units 2) 64 sq. units 3) 128 sq. units 4) 256 sq. units
17. If the points O (0, 0), A (cos  , sin  ), B (cos  , sin  ) are the vertices of a

 
right-angled triangle, then sin   
 2 

1 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4) none of these
2 2 3
MULTI ANSWER TYPE
18. If a line passes through (2,3) and (2,-6) then
1) The line is parallel to x - axis 2) The line is parallel to y - axis
3) Slope of the line is undefined 4) Slope of the line is zero
19. If a1x  b1y  c1  0, a 2 x  b2y  c2  0 are two perpendicular lines having
slopes m1 & m2 then
1) m1m2  1 2) a1a 2  b1b2  0 3) a1b2  a 2b1  0 4) a1a 2  b1b2  0
20. The ratios in which the line joining (4, 5) and (–10, –2) is divided by x axis
and y axis are respectively
1) 1 : 2/ 5, 1 : 5/ 2 2) 2 : 1, 1 : 2 3) 5 : 2, 2 : 5 4) 1 : 1/ 2, 1/
2 : 1
21. Equ at ion of a lin e passin g t h r ou gh t h e poin t (2,3) an d in clin ed at an an gle of

tan1 1  2 with the line y +2x = 5 is

1) y = 3 2) x = 2 3) 3x+ 4y - 18 = 0 4) 4x + 3y -17=0
REASONING ANSWER TYPE
22. Statement I: Equation of a line parallel to 2x + 3y + 6 = 0 and passing
through (3, -2) is 2x + 3y = 0.
Statement II : The equation of line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 and passing
through  x1, y1  is a(x + x1 ) + b(y + y1 ) = 0.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.

IX Class - Maths 338

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

COMPREHENSION TYPE
x y
  1 is known as intercept form, it meet the x-axis at (a,0) and y-axis
a b
at (0,b)
23. The line 2x  4y  8 meets the x-axis at
1) (4, 0) 2) (0, 2) 3) (2, 4) 4) (0, 0)
24. If a line passes through (3, 0) and (0, 4) , then the equation of the line is
x y x y x y x y
1)  1 2)  1 3)  1 4)  1
2 3 3 4 2 1 2 4
25. The sum of Intercepts of a line x  y 10  0 is
1) 30 2) 40 3) 20 4)-20

MATRIX MATCHING TYPE

26. Column-I Column-II
a) The slope of the line joining the the points (3, 4) and (4, 1) is 1) 0
b) The slope of the line parallel to 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 is 2) –2/3
c) The slope of the line perpendicular to x - 2y + 5 = 0 3) –3
d) If the line 2x - 3y = k passes through the origin then k is 4) –1
5) –2

27. Column - I Column - II

a) Line passing through (-4,3) and having 1) 2x - 5y + 4 = 0
interceptsin the ratio 5 : 3
b) Line passing through P(2,-5) such that 2) x - 2y - 20 = 0
p bisects the part intercepted between
the axes
c) Line parallel to 2x -3y +5 = 0 with 3) 3x + 5y =3
x - intercept 2/5 is
d) Line perpendicular to 5x + 2y +7=0 4) 10x -15y =4
with y - intercept 4/5 is

INTEGER ANSWER TYPE

28. The slope of the equations of the line 8x - 4y + 6 = 0 is ___________

339 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

WORK SHEET – 1 (KEY)

1) 2 2) 4 3) 1 4) 2 5) 4

6) 1 7) 3 8) 3 9) 4 10) 2

11) 1 12) 3 13) 2 14) 4 15) 3

16) 4 17) 4 18) 3 19) 4 20) 1

21) 2 22) 2 23) 2 24) 3 25) 2

26) 2 27) 3 28) 2 29) 1 30) 3

31) 4 32) 3 33) 1 34) 1 35) 4

36) 3 37) 3 38) 2 39) 4 40) 2

41) 2 42) 3 43) 3 44) 3 45) 3

46) 3 47) 2 48) 1 49) 3 50) 3

51) 2 52) 2 53) 3 54) 4 55) 1

56) 1,3 57) 1,4 58) 1 59) 1 60) 1

61) 3 62) 4 63) 4,4,2,(1,3) 64) 4,3,1,2 65) 3

57. Key: 1,4 1) Is correct since distance of (a,b) from B and C are equal
2) Is false since AB2  AC 2
3) Is incorrect since AB2  AC 2
4) Is correct since
2 2
b  b 
AB  1  a  b     b  a  and AC2  1  a  b     a  b  Note
2 2 2

a  a 
that AB2  AC2 .
64. Key: 4, 3, 1, 2

1 p  1 2p  1 2p  3 p  1 1
Hint: area of ABC   2p2  3p  2
2 1 3 2p 1 2

IX Class - Maths 340

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

WORK SHEET – 2 (KEY)

1) 2 2) 3 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1

6) 3 7) 2 8) 1 9) 4 10) 3

11) 1 12) 3 13) 3 14) 1 15) 2

16) 2 17) 2 18) 2,2 19) 1,2 20) 1,3

21) 2,3 22) 3 23) 1 24) 2 25) 3

26) 3,2,5,1 27) 3,2,4,1 28) 2

1. Slope of the line is tan 45° = 1.

Equation of the line passing through (1, 0) and having slope 1, is
(y – 0) = 1(x – 1)  x – y – 1 = 0
x y
2. Let the equation of the line be   1 .......(1)
a b
Given : intercept on y-axis = 2 (intercept on x - axis) i.e. b = 2a.
x y
So, equation (1) becomes   1  2x + y = 2a ..............(2)
a 2a
Since line (2) passes through the point (3, 4)
 2  3  4  2a  a  5
Thus, the equation of the required line is 2x  y  10

y 2  y1 2  4 3
3. Slope (m) = x  x = 
2 1 3  5 4

x y b
4. Given equation   1  bx  ay  ab  ay  bx  ab  y   x  b
a b a
b
It is in the form of y = mx + c  Slope =
a
y  y1 y1  y 2 y 3 36
5. Equation to the line is x  x  x  x    3x – 4y + 3 =0
1 1 2 x 3 37

6.
2
  
2
Given points are A am1 , 2am1 , B am2 , 2am2 
y 2  y1 2am2  2am1 2  m2  m1  2
Slope of AB  m   m  
x 2  x1 am2  am1
2 2
m2  m1
2 2
m1  m2

341 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

2
 The required equation is y  y1  m  x  x1   y  2am1 
m1  m2

x  am12 
 y  m1  m2   2am1  m1  m2   2x  2am12

 2x  y  m1  m2   2am12  2am1m2  2am12  0

 2x  y  m1  m2   2am1m2  0, is the required equation.

7. m = tan60° = 3 and the y - intercept is 3

 The required equation is y  3x  3  x 3  y  3  0

8. Given AP = PQ = QB .........(1)
A P R Q B
Let R be the midpoint of PQ such that PR = RQ .........(2)
Now AR = AP + PR
AR = QB + QR = BR [Q from (1) and (2)]

 2  3 5  1   1 
 R is the midpoint of AB  R =  ,  ,3
 2 2   2 

9.
2
  2

Given points are A at1 , 2at1 and B at 2 , 2at 2 
2at 2  2at1 2a  t 2  t1  2
Slope of AB =  
at 2  at1
2 2
a  t 2  t1  t 2  t1  t2  t1

2
But the given line is parallel to y = x   1  t1  t2  2
t 2  t1

1
10. Given y - intercept (c) = 2 and   300  m  tan   tan 30 
3

(0,2)

300
X
O(0,0)

1
 Required equation is y = mx + c  y  x2
3

 3y  x  2 3  x  3y  2 3  0

IX Class - Maths 342

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

c
y  y1 x  x1 y
11. The equation is y  y  x  x  t x  ct1
1

2 1 2 1 c c ct 2  ct1

t2 t1

t1y  c
t1
c  t1  t 2  x  ct1

t1t 2 c  t 2  t1 

  t1y  c  t 2    x  ct1   t1t 2 y  ct 2   x  ct1

x  t1t 2 y  ct1  ct 2 x  t1t 2 y  c  t1  t 2 

1 k 1 k
12. Given line is    x     y  1  k   0
 a b  b a 

1 k
a  b
Slope = –   . But given that the slope is –1

1 k

b a

1 k
a  b 1 k 1 k 1 1 k k
  1        

1 k a b b a a b a b
b  a
 

1 1 1 1
  a  b  k a  b  k 1
   
13. Given P  ,   lies on y = 6x – 1    6  1  6    1  0 ........... (1)

Also Q  ,   lies on 2x – 5y = 5  2  5  5  5  2  5  0 ......  2

Solving (1) and (2), we have   1,   5

5 1
 P  1,5  ,Q  5,1 Slope of PQ =  1
1 5
Equation of PQ is y – 5 = –1 (x – 1)  y – 5 = – x + 1  x  y  6
14. Given points are A  c cos ,c sin   and B  c cos ,c sin  

c sin   c sin  sin   sin 

Slope of AB is (m)  
c cos   c cos  cos   cos 

sin   sin 
Equation of AB is y  y1  m  x  x1   y  c sin    x  c cos  
cos   cos 

343 IX Class - Maths

COORDINATE GEOMETRY MATHEMATICS

 y  cos   cos    c sin   cos   cos     x  cos  sin   sin  

             
 y  2sin   sin     c sin   2sin   sin  
  2   2    2   2 
 
  x  c cos   2cos   sin  
 2   2 
   
  y sin    c sin  sin     x  c cos   cos  
 2   2   2 
     
 x cos    ys in    c sin  sin    c cos  cos  
 2   2   2   2 
  
 c cos  
 2 

   

 x cos    y sin    c cos  
 2   2   2 
4a2 + 9b2 + 12ab – c2 = 0   2a  3b   c 2  0
2
15.

  2a  3b  c  2a  3b  c   0  2a  3b  c  0 or 2a  3b  c  0
 2a  3b  c  0 or  2a  3b  c  0 , this shows that the line ax + by + c = 0
passes through (2, 3), (–2, –3)
16. Given midpoint of AC is origin and A = (–4, b), C = (a, 8)
 b = – 8 and a = 4
 A = (– 4, – 8) and C = (4, 8)
BC || y-axis and AB || x -axis  ABC is right angled at B.
y-axis
C(4, 8)

x-axis

B(4, - 8)
A(- 4, -8)

 B = (4, – 8)
1 1
 Area of  ABC   4(8  8)  4(8  8)  4(8  8)  128  64 sq.units
2 2

 cos   0    sin   0   cos 2   sin2   1. Similarly OB = 1

2 2
17. OA 

AB  (cos   cos  )2  (sin   sin  )2

 cos 2   cos 2   2 cos  cos   sin2   sin2   2 sin  sin 

IX Class - Maths 344

MATHEMATICS COORDINATE GEOMETRY

 2  2 cos  cos   2 sin  sin   2  2 (cos  cos   sin  sin  )

 
= 2  2cos(  )  2 1  cos(  )  2.2sin2  
 2 
Since  AOB is a right triangle, Therefore,
   1
AB = OA 2  OB 2  2 sin  2  sin 
2 2 2
20. Key: 1, 3
Let point on x axis be (x, 0) and point on y-axis O be (0, y)
(x1, y1)
(4, 5)

(-10, -2)
(x2, y2)

my 2  ny1 m  2  n  5  m 5
0  0  –2m + 5n = 0  2m = 5n  
mn mn n 2
mx 2  nx1 m  10   n  4 
0  0  –10m + 4n = 0  10m = 4n 
mn mn
m 2

n 5

1 m   2 
21. Let the slope of the line is m, then  m  3 4 or 
2 1   2  m =
3
Hence equation of line is y  3   x  2 and x  2
4
22. The equation of line parallel to ax  by  c  0 and passing through
 x1,y1  is a  x  x1   b  y  y1   0

8
28. Key: 2 Hint Slope = 2
4

345 IX Class - Maths