Differential Protection

SIPROTEC 7UT6

© Siemens AG 2006
Unrestricted
The 7UT6 Family

SIPROTEC 4
7UT6 differential protection relay for
transformers, generators, motors and
busbars

7UT612: for two end protection objects (1/3 x 19’’ housing 7XP20)
7UT613: for three end protection objects (1/2 x 19’’ housing 7XP20)
7UT633: for three end protection objects (1/1 x 19’’ housing 7XP20)
7UT635: for five end protection objects (1/1 x 19’’ housing 7XP20)
©Siemens AG 2006
Page 2 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Hardware options

§ Device § 7UT612 § 7UT613 § 7UT633 § 7UT635

§ Current Inputs (normal) § 7 (7)* § 11 (6)* § 11 (6)* § 14 (12)*

§ Current Inputs (sensitive) §1 § 1** § 1** § 2**
§ Voltage Inputs (Uph / UE) § --- §3/1 §3/1 § ---
§ Binary Inputs §3 §5 § 21 § 29
§ Binary Outputs §4 §8 § 24 § 24
§ Life contact §1 §1 §1 §1
§ LC Display § 4 lines § 4 lines § Graphic § Graphic

* 1A, 5A, (1A, 5A, 0.1A) changeable (jumper position)

** changeable normal or sensitive (jumper position)

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 3 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Scope of functions and Protection objects

Function ANSI No. Protection Objects

Differential 87T/G/M/L Three-phase transformer
Restricted Earth fault 87 N Single-phase transformer
Overcurrent-time, phases 50/51
Auto-transformer
Overcurrent-time, 3I0 50N/51N
Generator / Motor
Overcurrent-time, earth 50G/51G
Busbar, 3-phase (Branch point)
Overcurrent-time, single phase
Busbar, 1-phase
Negative sequence 46
Overload IEC 60255-8 49
Overload IEC 60354 (hot spot) 49
Overexcitation V/Hz 24
Breaker failure 50BF
External temperature monitoring 38
Lockout 86
Measured value supervision
Trip circuit supervision 74TC
Direct coupling
Operational measured values

Siemens AG 2006
©

Page 4 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution

Cross reference - functions and protected objects

Protection functions ANSI No. Transf. Transf. Auto- Gen. / Busbar Busbar
3-phase 1-phase transf. Motor 3-phase 1-phase
Differential 87T/G/M/L X X X X X X
Restricted Earth Fault 87 N X X --- X --- ---
Overcurrent-time, phases 50/51 X X X X X ---
Overcurrent-time, 3I0 50N/51N X --- X X X ---
Overcurrent-time, earth 50G/51G X X X X X X
Overcurrent-time, single phase X X X X X X
Negative sequence 46 X --- X X X ---
Overload IEC 60255-8 49 X X X X X ---
Overload IEC 60354 49 X X X X X ---
Overexcitation V/Hz *) 24 X X X X X X
Breaker failure 50 BF X X X X X ---
External temperature monitoring 38 X X X X X X
(thermo-box)
Lockout 86 X X X X X X
Measured value supervision X X X X X X
Trip circuit supervision 74TC X X X X X X
Direct coupling 1 X X X X X X
Direct coupling 2 X X X X X X
Operational measured values X X X X X X

X Function applicable ; --- Function not applicable ; *) only 7UT613 / 633

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 5 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Communication features

Flexibility due to plug in modules

Compatibility to international standards

§ Front interface § System interface

RS232/RS485 electrical
module § DIGSI4 § IEC60870-5-103
§ WEB Monitor § Profibus FMS
§ Profibus DP
§ Service interface (s) § DNP3.0
§ DIGSI4 operation § Modbus
Fibre-optic module
§ modem ASCII/RTU
connection
§ RTD box § Time Synchronising
§ IRIG-B (GPS)
Optical double-ring
module
§ DCF77

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 6 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
General Applications (1 of 2)

Two winding Three winding 1 ½ C.B. application

transformer transformer with
1 or 3 phases 1 or 3 phases two winding transformer

7UT613
7UT633
7UT612 7UT613
7UM62 7UT633

Short lines Short lines 1 ½ C.B. application on

(2 ends) (3 ends) HV and LV side with
two winding transformer

7UT635

7UT612 7UT613
7UT633

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 7 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
General Applications (2 of 2)

Generator/Motor longitudinal or
transversal differential protection
High-impedance
G/ Restricted Earth Fault Protection
M
3~

7UT612
7UM62

7UT6xx
Unit Protection
(Overall Differential)

Y IEE input
of the unit
7UT63
∆ 5

G
3
~

Siemens AG 2006
©

Page 8 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution

Terminology of a topology (Example 1)

Device Configuration
M 0105 Protected Object 3 phase Transformer
1 0112 Differential Protection Enabled
S 0113 REF Protection Enabled
1 X1 0120 DMT/IDMT Phase Definite Time only
Main Y 0124 DMT/IDMT Earth Definite Time only
protect. 0127 DMT 1Phase Enabled
object ∆ ∆ X4 Power System Data 1
7UT63
5 CT-Numbers
S S 0211 No. of connected Meas. Loc. 4
2 3 0212 No. of assigned Meas. Loc. 3
M 0213 No. of sides 3
M 3
2 CT-Assign
M 0222 Assignment at 3 assig.
4 Meas.Loc./3 sides S1:M1, S2:M2, S3:M3
Further 0251 Auxiliary CT IX1 is used as Side 1 earth
protected 0252 Auxiliary CT IX2 is used as Measurement location 4 earth
X2 object 0253 Auxiliary CT IX3 is used as not connected
0254 Auxiliary CT IX4 is used as connected/not assigned
Sides: 0255 Type of auxiliary CT IX3 1A/5A current input
S1 High voltage side (HV) 0256 Type of auxiliary CT IX4 sensitive current input
S2 Low voltage side (LV) Funct.
S3 Low voltage side (LV) 0413 REF assigned to not assigned measuring loc. 4
0420 DMT/IDMT Phase assigned to Measuring Location 4
Measuring locations 3-phase , assigned 0424 DMT/IDMT Earth assigned to Auxiliary CT IX1
M1 assigned to the main protected object (side 1) 0427 DMT Phase assigned to Auxiliary CT IX4
M2 assigned to the main protected object (side 2)
M3 assigned to the main protected object (side 3)
Measuring locations 3-phase , non-assigned
M4 not assigned to the main protected object
Auxiliary measuring locations 1-phase
X1 assigned to the main protected object (side 1)
X2 not assigned to the main protected object
X4 not assigned to the main protected object

Siemens AG 2006
©

Page 9 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution

Terminology of a topology (Example 2)

Device Configuration
0105 Protected Object 3 phase Transformer
0112 Differential Protection Enabled
M 0113 REF Protection Enabled
1 0120 DMT/IDMT Phase Definite Time only
S 0127 DMT 1Phase Enabled
1 Power System Data 1
Main X1
CT-Numbers
Y
protect. 0211 No. of connected Meas. Loc. 2
object ∆ X3 7UT6 0212 No. of assigned Meas. Loc. 2
0213 No. of sides 2
13
S CT-Assign
2 0222 Assignment at 2 assig.
Meas.Loc./2 sides S1:M1, S2:M2
0251 Auxiliary CT IX1 is used as Side 1 earth
M 0252 Auxiliary CT IX2 is used as Side 2 earth
2 0253 Auxiliary CT IX3 is used as connected/not assigned
Starpoint-
bilder 0255 Type of auxiliary CT IX3 sensitive current input
Transf.
….
X2 0313 Starpoint of Side 1 is Solid Earthed
0314 Transf. Winding Connection Side 1 Y (Wye)
….
0323 Starpoint of Side 2 is Solid Earthed (!!)
Sides: 0324 Transf. Winding Connection Side 2 D (Delta)
S1 High voltage side (HV) 0325 Vector Group Numeral of Side 2 11
S2 Low voltage side (LV) Funct.
Measuring locations 3-phase , assigned 0413 REF assigned to Side 2
M1 assigned to the main protected object (side 1) 0420 DMT/IDMT Phase assigned to Side 1
M2 assigned to the main protected object (side 2) 0427 DMT Phase assigned to Auxiliary CT IX3
Auxiliary measuring locations 1-phase Setting Group A
X1 assigned to the main protected object (side 1) Differential Protection-Settings Group A
X2 assigned to the main protected object (side 2) 1211A Diff-Prot. with meas. Earth Curr. S1 Yes (Io- correction Side 1)
X3 not assigned to the main protected object 1212A Diff-Prot. with meas. Earth Curr. S2 No

Siemens AG 2006
©

Page 10 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution

Application: Transformer Data Base

RS485 interface

7XV5662-(x)AD10 7XV5662-(x)AD10
§ Two RTD boxes can be connected to the service interface (RS485)
§ Monitoring of up to 12 measuring points (6 per RTD box)
§ each having two thresholds (Alarm stages)
§ Display of the temperature as measured values
§directly at the RTD box (can be used as stand alone device as well)
§in the protection relay
§ Monitoring of threshold values
§ One dedicated input can be used for the hot spot calculation (oil temp.)
§ The type of sensor can be selected for each measuring point (Pt100,
Ni100, Ni120)
©Siemens AG 2006
Page 11 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Tripping Characteristic
Reasons for this shape of characteristic

x
I Diff
InO
3.0

2.5
Trip
Slope 2

2.0 Total
Block

1.5
CT-
error
1.0
Slope 1 Tap-
changer
0.5
IDiff>
Magnet.
0 current
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
I Rest InO

Example: Transformer with Tap changer

Siemens AG 2006
©

Page 12 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution

Tripping Characteristic (1 of 2)

I Diff Tripping Characteristic 7UT6

InO
1231 IDiff>>
7
1243A
6 SLOPE
45° 2
5
Trip Block
4
*
3 )

2
1241A Add-on
SLOPE Stabilization
1 1
1221 IDiff>
0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 I Rest
1242A 1256A InO
BASE POINT 1 I-ADD ON STAB *) Slope for Add-on Stabilization:
1244A
BASE POINT 2 7UT6 à Slope 1 ; 7UT5 à ½ Slope 1
§ flexible adaptation to various transformers, e.g. with tap changer or different Ct’s
§ high stability against external faults with Ct saturation
§ IDiff >>: fast tripping for solid short-circuits within one period
Siemens AG 2006
©

Page 13 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution

Tripping Characteristic - Pickup of differential function

For triggering of internal tasks, events and fault records the

differential protection function needs a pickup information. This
pickup becomes active, if the differential current or the restraint
current is over an internal threshold
(dotted line). Each external large current leads to a pickup.

Pickup doesn‘t always mean internal failure!

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 14 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault (REF) (1 of 2)

The REF measures the Neutral current of the object ( ISP = 3I0’ ) and,
depending on the angle (∆φ) between 3I0’ and the also measured sum
of the phase currents
( 3I0’’ = IL1 + IL2 + IL3 ), decides for internal or external fault.
The sensitivity of the REF is almost independent from the load of the object.
(The sensitivity of the “Differential Function” especially for high ohm faults will be
reduced by the load due to the slope of its “Tripping Characteristic” ).
The REF can be stetted to 0.1 I/INO (min. 0.05) and is therefore more sensitive as
the “Differential Protection” (even without load).

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 15 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault (REF) (2 of 2)

IREF> = Setting value (Trip Threshold) Tripping Characteristic REF

Char. for I REF
IRest = Restraint current I REF >
∆φ= 180°
IREF = │3I0’│ 4

1) for basic Trip-Area (0° ≤ ∆φ ≤ 90°): Trippin

3 g
IREF = │3I0’│ and mustI be /≥I IREF
Characteristic_1): >
REF REF> = 1
(no restraining current IRest effective)
2

2) for extended Trip-Area (90° ≤ ∆φ ≤ 180°):

1

Characteristic_2): IREF = IREF> + Blockin

k·IRest g
where IRest = (│3I0’-3I0’’│-│3I0’+3I0’’│) -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0. +0.1 +0. '' ' +0.
0 2 3I0 3I0 3
180° ≥ ∆φ > 90° 90° ≥ ∆φ ≥ 0°
IRest includes the direction extended Trip- basic Trip-Area
Area

§ calculation of the basic wave and the complex vectors of I0' and I0"
§ evaluation of the modulus and angle between I0' and I0"
§ sensitive fault detection starting with 5% transformer nominal current
Siemens AG 2006
©

Page 16 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution

CT Requirements (1 of 3)

Request: R + R IP
k ALF = k ALF_N ct b
³ 4 ® for : T P £ 100ms
R ct + R '
b I NCtPrim
R + R IP
k ALF = k ALF_N ct b
³ 5 ® for : T P > 100ms
R + R '
I NCtPrim
where: ct b

kALF_N = rated Accuracy Limiting Factor kALF = actual Accuracy Limiting Factor
Rct = secondary winding resistance
Rb = rated resistive burden R’b = actual resistive burden
IP = max. primary symmetrical short circuit current TP = Primary (Net-) Time constant
Example: (TP ≤ 100ms)
110 kV
7UT6
200/1A Wind.
5P20,15V 80m , 2.5 mm2
1
0.1
A
Ω
Explanation:
Rct = 1Ω
38.1 MVA
5P20: à kALF_N = 20
110/11 kV
uk = 10%

2000/1A Wind.
10P10, 50m , 4 mm2
2
10VA 0.1
Rct = 2Ω Ω

11 kV
©Siemens AG 2006
Page 17 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
CT Requirements (2 of 3)

Side 1 (HV): Side 2 (LV):

Nominal transformer current: Nominal transformer current:
SN 38100kVA SN 38100kVA
InO 1 = = » 200A InO 2 = = » 2000A
3 × U N1 3 ×110kV 3 × U N2 3 ×11kV

Maximum through flowing current: Maximum through flowing current:

c × InO 1 1.1 × 200A c × InO 2 1.1 × 2000A
I P_1 = ×100% = ×100% = 2200A I P_2 = ×100% = ×100% = 22000A
uk 10% uk 10%
where: c = factor for max. possible over voltage where: c = factor for max. possible over voltage

Sb 15VA Sb 10VA
Rb = 2
= = 15Ω Rb = = = 10Ω
I NCtS 1A 2 I 2
NCtS 1A 2
Ωmm 2 Ωmm 2
160m × 0.0175 100m × 0.0175
2×l×ρ m + 0.1Ω = 1.22Ω 2 ×l ×ρ m + 0.1Ω » 0.54Ω
R 'b = + R Relay = 2
R 'b = + R Relay = 2
q 2.5mm q 4mm

1Ω + 15Ω 2Ω + 10Ω
k ALF = 20 = 144 k ALF = 10 = 47.2
1Ω + 1.22Ω 2Ω + 0.54Ω

IP 2200A IP 22000A
k ALF = 144 ³ 4 =4 = 44 ® OK! k ALF = 47.2 ³ 4 =4 = 44 ® OK!
I NCTprim 200A I NCTprim 2000A

Siemens AG 2006
©

Page 18 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution

CT Requirements (3 of 3)

5P20, 200/1A, 15VA, Rct = 1Ω, R’b = 1.22Ω, 11·I/INCT ; TP = 100ms

10P10, 2000/1A, 10VA, Rct = 2Ω, R’b = 0.54Ω, 11·I/INCT ; TP = 100ms

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 19 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Commissioning and operating aids (1 of 4)

WEB-Technology
Access to the relay with a WEB Monitor
Help system in
INTRANET / The homepage of the relay
INTERNET is:http://141.141.255.160
http://www.siprotec.com IP-address is set with DIGSI
4
on front- or rear service port

1. Serial connection WEB server in the relays

Direct or via modem with
a standard DIAL-UP
Network
2. HTML page view in a WEB Monitor
with the IP-address of the relay
http://141.141.255.160
Page 20 Jul-06 Author
firmware
Server sends it’s HTML-
pages
and JAVA-code to the WEB
Monitor
after a DIAL-UP connection
©Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Commissioning and operating aids (2 of 4)

Transformer YNd11d11, 110/11/11kV, 38.1MVA, IL2S2à wrong polarity

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 21 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Commissioning and operating aids (3 of 4)

Transformer YNd11d11, 110/11/11kV, 38.1MVA, IL2S2à wrong polarity

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 22 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Commissioning and operating aids (4 of 4)

©Siemens AG 2006
Page 23 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Benefits for the Customer

§ Protection relay with flexible adaptation to the transformer/gene-

rator/motor or short line. Programming of the device data in the relay.
§ Reduced amount of wiring by direct connection to the main Ct’s.
No matching transformers and therefore no wiring errors.
§ Zero sequence current can be measured (in the 7UT6).
Sensitivity for single-pole faults in the transformer increased by 33% .
§ Flexible adaptation of the tripping characteristic to various main Ct’s,
tapped transformers.
§ Exact discrimination between the short circuit condition and the inrush
condition by on-line analysis of the harmonics. Fast tripping for
high-current faults. Ct saturation detector for external faults.
§ Thermal monitoring of one transformer winding (including RTD meas.)
§ Back-up DMTL/IDMTL with reverse blocking for one winding.
§ Sensitive short circuit protection for faults winding against earth.
§ External Trip functions
§ Various commissioning aids.
§ Common DIGSI 4 software
©Siemens AG 2006
Page 24 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Comparison of functions/settings
between 7UT51- and 7UT6 relays

7UT51

7UT612

7UT613

7UT633

7UT635
Tripping Characteristic: Base point for slope 1 settable --- X X X X
Tripping Characteristic: Increasing of characteristic at start --- X X X X
Tripping Characteristic: minimum setting for add-on stabilization I/InO 5 3 3 3 3
Tripping Characteristic: cross block for add-on stabilization --- --- X X X
Tripping Characteristic: slope of add-on stabilization / slope 1 ½ 1 1 1 1
Tripping Characteristic: Increasing of characteristic due to DC offset in IDiff --- --- X X X
Transformer inrush: Default setting for cross block 2. harmonic [cycles] 0 3 3 3 3
Transformer inrush: Default setting for 5. harmonic [%] 80 30 30 30 30
Negative sequence current protection --- X X X X
Over excitation protection [V/Hz] --- --- X X ---
Overload protection IEC 60354 (hot spot) --- X X X X
Single phase busbar differential --- X X X X
High impedance Restricted Earth Fault --- X X X X
Voltage measurements --- --- X X ---
Temperature monitoring (via Thermo-box / RS 485) --- X X X X
All functions can be enabled at the same time --- X X X X

WEB Toll (commissioning aid) --- X X X X

Siemens AG 2006
©

Page 25 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution