Rayat shikshan Sanstha’s

Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Polytechnic,

Satara Report
On Micro Project
Title: Solar Power Generation.
Program: Electrical Engineering

Program code: EE3I

Course: Eletrical Power Generation

Course code: 22327

Group Details:

Sr No. Name of Group Members Roll Enrollment No. Seat No.

No.
1 Saad.S.Bagwan 02 2100410187 156424
2 Suraj.S.Pawar 17 2100410182 156421
3 Atharv .R. Ghorpade 30 2100410193 156429
4

Submitted by:

Saad.S.Bagwan , Suraj.S.Pawar ,Atharv .R. Ghorpade

Submitted to:
Mr. Raut A.R

Academic Year: 2022 -23

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. / Ms. Saad.S.Bagwan , Suraj.S.Pawar
,Atharv .R. GhorpadeRoll No: 02,17,30of THIRD Semester
Diploma in Electrical Engineering of Karmaveer
Bhaurao Patil Polytechnic, Satara (Inst. Code No 0041) has
completed the Micro- Project work satisfactory in Eletrical Power
Generation for the academic year 2022-2023 as prescribed in the
MSBTE curriculum.

Place: Satara Enrollment No:

2100410187,21004101
82,2100410193

Date: Exam Seat No:

156424,1564,
156429
Subject Teacher Principal
Head of the Department Dr. K.C.Shaikh
Raut A.R
Mrs. P.S. Patil
 Seal of instution

Part-A
A
n 1. Title of Micro-Project: Solar Power Generation.
n Aim of Micro Project :-
e
x 1) Study Solar Power Generation
2) Collect the info and Experiment on it.
u
r 2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed
e
- Study Solar Power Generation
I 2)Collect the info and Experiment on it.
A

3.0 Proposed Methodology

Step1: Selection of the topic of Solar Power Generation. and collect data of various Tests
on it.
Step2: After selecting collect and study all the information regarding the given topic.
Step3: After collecting the information, we put that information in the Microproject
report. Step4: Finalize the microproject report and verify it by teacher.
Step5: Submitted the Maintenance Of Electrical Equipment.

4.0 Action Plan

S. Details of activity Planned Planned Name of
No. Start date Finish date Responsible Team
Members
1 Formation of Group Saad.S.Bagwan
& Selection of Topic
2 Collection of Data Suraj.S.Pawar
3 Purchase the Atharv .R.Ghorpade
required
4 Preparation of circuit Saad .S. Bagwan
5 Compilation of Report Atharv .R.
And Presentation Ghorpade
6 Final submission of Suraj.S.Pawar
Micro Project
5.0 Resources Required
S. Name of Specifications Qty Remarks
No. Resource/materi
al
1 Solar Pannels https://www.electrical4u.co 2
m/ routine-test-of-circuit-
breakers/
2 Motor https://www.electrical4u.co 1
m/ transformer-testing-type
-test-and-routine-test-of-
transformer/
3 Charger https://testguy.net/content 1
/264 -6-electrical-tests-for-
Current-Transformers-
 *WELCOME TO EPG MICRO PROJECT*

*SOLAR POWER GENERATION.*

Solar power generation

There are 2 Main types of Solar Power Generation Types:

 PV CELL
(Photovoltic Cell)

 CSP
(Concerntrated Power)

Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity

A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a nonmechanical device that converts
sunlight directly into electricity. Some PV cells can convert artificial light into
electricity.
 Photons carry solar energy
Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy. These photons contain varying
amounts of energy that correspond to the different wavelengths of the solar
spectrum.

A PV cell is made of semiconductor material. When photons strike a PV cell, they may reflect off the
cell, pass through the cell, or be absorbed by the semiconductor material. Only the absorbed photons
provide energy to generate electricity. When the semiconductor material absorbs enough sunlight
(solar energy), electrons are dislodged from the material's atoms. Special treatment of the material
surface during manufacturing makes the front surface of the cell more receptive to the dislodged, or
free, electrons so that the electrons naturally
migrate to the surface of the cell.
 *Advantages of photovoltaic systems*
1.High reliability

Photovoltaic systems are still highly reliable even under harsh conditions. Photovoltaic
arrays ensure continuous, uninterrupted operation of critical power
supplies.

2.Strong persistence

Most modules in a PV system have a warranty period of up to 25 years and remain operational even
after many years.

3.Low maintenance costs

Photovoltaic systems require only regular inspections and occasional repairs, which are
extremely low cost compared to conventional fuel systems.

4.Zero fuel consumption

Photovoltaic systems do not require fuel and can eliminate associated procurement, storage and
transportation costs.

5.Noise pollution is small

The photovoltaic system can operate quietly with minimal mechanical movement.

6.There is photovoltaic supervision

In order to improve energy efficiency, photovoltaic systems may need to add some modules.

7.Strong security

Photovoltaic systems do not require fuel and can be safely operated after proper design and
installation.

8.Strong independence

The reason for adopting this new technology in many residential areas is that photovoltaic
systems maintain the independence of energy production and are therefore
unaffected by utilities.

*Disadvantages of photovoltaic systems*

1.High startup cost

Each PV installation should be economically evaluated and compared to existing

 2.Available solar radiation instability
For any solar system, weather changes will greatly affect the amount of electrical energy output.
Therefore, the system design needs to be adjusted according to changes in climate and location.

3.Have energy storage requirements

Some photovoltaic systems use batteries as energy storage devices. This increases the
footprint, cost and complexity of the system.

4.Efficiency needs to be improved

In order for PV systems to reflect cost-effectiveness, we need to use an efficient method to

distribute the energy generated during use. However, they are now often used to power
alternative inefficient appliances.

5.Lack of knowledge and skills

Photovoltaic technology is an emerging technology. The lack of relevant information limits the
development of its markets and technologies.

*PV Applications*
PV provides a suitable energy source for remote (either cold or more temperate) regions
with no other electricity source. For example, photovoltaic systems can be used to supply
electricity for:

 telecommunication repeater
stations  water pumps
 navigational
aids  laptop
computers
 cottages and remote
residences  parks in remote
regions
 supplying occasional power
 What is concentrated solar power (CSP)?
Concentrated solar power (CSP) is an approach to generating electricity through mirrors. The
mirrors reflect, concentrate and focus natural sunlight onto a specific point, which is then
converted into heat. The heat is then used to create steam, which drives a turbine to generate
electrical power. The process can be repeated continuously because CSP technology can store the
heat produced. It can therefore be used on days where
there is no sun, or before sunrise and after sunset.

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), CSP generation increased by an estimated
34% in 2019. Although this exponential growth is impressive, there’s still some way to go until
CSP reaches its
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which requires an average growth of 24% through
2030.

How does concentrated solar power work?

CSP technologies use a mirror configuration that concentrates the sun’s solar energy onto a
receiver, which converts it to heat. The heat is then converted into steam to drive a turbine that
produces electrical power. CSP plants can use thermal energy storage systems to store the
power until it’s needed, for example during periods of minimal sunlight. The ability to store energy
is what makes CSP a flexible source of renewable
energy.

CSP systems can also be combined with other power sources to create hybrid power plants.
For example, CSP can be integrated with thermal-fired power plants that use fuels like coal,
natural gas and biofuel.

There are four types of CSP technologies:

1.Parabolic trough systems – Through this system, solar energy is concentrated by curved,
trough- shaped reflectors, which are focused onto a receiver pipe. The pipe usually contains
thermal oil, which
is heated and then used in the thermal power block to generate electricity in a steam
generator. 2.Power tower systems – These systems use mirrors called heliostats that track the
sun and focus its energy onto a receiver at the top of a tower. A fluid (often, molten salts) is
heated inside the receiver
and is used to generate steam, which drives a turbine generator.
3.Linear fresnel systems – A large number of collectors are set out in rows. The mirrors are laid
flat on the ground and reflect the sun on to the receiver pipe above. Similar to trough and tower
systems,
.
 *The advantages of concentrated solar power*
Perhaps the most obvious advantage of CSP is that it’s renewable. Its supply will never be
exhausted and be can used continually, so it’s a sustainable energy source. It also reduces carbon
footprint. Unlike fossil fuels, which emit carbon dioxide when burned, CSP uses the earth’s natural
resources, which is kinder to the environment. It can improve the quality of air and reduce the rate
of climate change.

CSP also provides a relatively continuous source of electricity, particularly in comparison to solar
photovoltaics (PV) and wind power, which provide intermittent supplies. Because CSP plants can
store solar energy in the form of molten salts, the electricity generated is predictable and reliable.

CSP can be easily integrated into existing steam-based power plants. Even those running on fossil
fuels can be used for CSP systems. The operating cost of a CSP plant is also lower than nuclear and
hydrocarbon-based
plants because the operations and maintenance is simpler.

Concentrated solar power can be used in combination with other energy sources, providing a
more secure energy grid. When used in the energy mix, CSP can help meet future electricity
demand. It can also aid oil
recovery as the steam it produces can be used to concentrate heavy oil so it’s easier to
pump.

It also has potential to be used as a transportable form of energy. For example, renewable energy
consultancy Ecofys published a study to assess the feasibility of CSP being used as a technology
to produce cost-effective hydrogen that could act as an energy carrier to power transportation.

*The disadvantages of concentrated solar power*

Despite the many benefits of CSP, it does have its downsides. For one, it’s largely dependent on
location. Similar to solar PV and wind power, CSP plants require a large area of land to operate,
which makes it uneconomical in populated areas.

Concentrated solar power uses a lot of water to drive steam turbines and to cool
thermochemical reactors. Although seawater may be seen as a possible solution, this could
present solar radiation issues for the surrounding landscape. Similarly, CSP plants can attract
animals with its light, and the heat can be fatal for
some species.

CSP plants are also expensive to run. Thermal energy storage materials that can withstand high
temperatures are costly and difficult to source. Molten salt, for example, has a limited operating
range because it solidifies
at low temperatures and decomposes at high temperatures.

Competition from other energy sources like solar PV and fission-based nuclear power means that
CSP doesn’t always receive the development it needs to become a primary energy source. As
breakthroughs continue in other areas, concentrated solar power runs the risk of becoming obsolete.
 Suggested Rubric For Assesment of Micro Project
(The marks may be allowed to the characteristics of the Micro Project by
considering the suggested rubrics)
Sr. Characteristic Poor Average Good Excellent
No to be ( Marks 1 - 3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks 9- 10 )
1 Relevance d Related to very Related to Addressed at- Addressed
to the few Los some LOs least one CO more than one CO
2 Literature Not more than At-least 5 At –least 7 About 10 relevant
Review two relevant relevant sources, most
/Information sources (primary sources, at least sources, most latest
collection and secondary), 2 latest latest
very old
3 Completion Completed Completed 50 Completed 60 Completed
of the Target less than 50% to 60% to 80% more than 80 %
as per project
proposal
4 Analysis of Sample Size Sufficient and Sufficient and Enough data
Data and small, data appropriate appropriate collected by
representatio neither sample, sample, sufficient and
n enough data enough data appropriate
organized nor
generated but generated which sample size.
prese not organized is organized and Prop
n ted well and not presented well er inferences by
presented well. but poor organizing and
No or poor inferences are presenting
inferences drawn data through
are drawn tables, charts and
5 Quality of Incomplete Just Well Well
Prototype/M fabrication/ass assembled/fabri assembled/fabri assembled/fabric
o del em bly. c ated and parts c ated with at ed with
are not proper proper
functioning well. functioning functioning
Not in proper parts. In proper parts. In proper
shape, shape, within shape, within
dimensions tolerance tolerance
beyond dimensions and dimensions
tolerance limit. good and good
Appearance/ finish/ finish/appearance
finish is shabby. appearance. But . Creativity
6 Report Very short, Nearly sufficient Detailed, correct Very
Preparation poor quality and and clear detailed, correct,
sketches, correct details clear description
description of
Details about methods, of methods,
about methods, material, methods, materials,
material, precautions materials, precautions
 conclusions conclusion. But precautions Enough
omitted, clarity is not and tables, charts and
some details are there in Conclusions. sketches
wrong a presentation.
Sufficient
But not
Graphic
enou
Description.
gh
graphic
descriptio
7 Presentation Major Includes Includes major Well
information is major information organized,
not included, information and well includes
information is but not organized but not major information,
not well well organized presented well well
8 Viva Could not reply Replied to a Replied Replied most
to a considerable properly to a of the
considerable number considerable questions properly
number of of questions but number of
questions. not very properly questions.

Teacher Evaluation Sheet

Name of student: Saad.S.Bagwan , Suraj.S.Pawar ,Atharv .R.
Ghorpade
Enrollment No.: 2100410187,2100410182,2100410193
Name of Programme:Eletrical Engineering
Semester: Third
Course Title: Eletrical Power Generation
Code: 22327
Title of the Micro-Project: Solar Power Generation

.
Sr. Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent Total
No. be assessed (Marks 1- ( Marks 4- ( Marks ( Marks 9-
2Marks 3) 5) 7-8 ) 10 )
(A)Process and Product Assessment(convert above total marks out of 6
1 )
Relevance to
the course and
2 Literature
Review
/information
collectio n
 3 Completion of the
Target as per
project proposal
4 Analysis of Data
and representation
5 Quality of
prototype /Model
6 Report Preparation

(B)Individual Presentation /Viva (convert above total marks out of 4 Marks)

7 Presentation
8 Viva

(A) Process and (B) Individual Total Marks (10

Roll No. Product Presentation Marks)
Assessment (4
25.
26.
27.
28.

Any Other Comment: …………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Name and designation of the Faculty Member: -

Mr. Raut A.R

(Lecturer Department of Electrical Enngineering)

Signature: ………………………………..