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6 Math Review Reference Sheets

Arithmetic and Decimals

ABSOLUTE VALUE: QUOTIENTS AND REMAINDERS:
|x| is x if x ≥ 0 and −x if x < 0. The quotient q and the remainder r of dividing
For any x and y, |x + y| ≤ |x| + |y|. positive integer x by positive integer y are unique
positive integers such that
x 2 = |x|.
y = xq + r and 0 ≤ r < x.
EVEN AND ODD NUMBERS: The remainder r is 0 if and only if y is divisible by x.
Even × Even = Even Even × Odd = Even In that case, x is a factor of y.
Odd × Odd = Odd Even + Even = Even MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION:
Even + Odd = Odd Odd + Odd = Even x×1=x= x
1
x×0=0
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION:
If x ≠ 0, then x = 1.
x+0=x=x−0 x
x is undefined.
x−x=0 0
x+y=y+x xy = yx
x 1
x − y = −(y − x) = −y + x If x ≠ 0 and y ≠ 0, then = y .
()y x
(x + y) + z = x + (y + z) (xy)z = x  (yz)
If x and y are both positive, then x + y is also positive. xy + xz = x  ( y + z)
If x and y are both negative, then x + y is negative. z ​  ​= _
x ​ ​​ + ​ ​ _ (x + z)
(y) (y)
If y ≠ 0, then ​ ​ _ ​​  y    ​ 
DECIMALS: If x and y are both positive, then xy is also positive.
Add or subtract decimals by lining up their decimal If x and y are both negative, then xy is positive.
points:
If x is positive and y is negative, then xy is negative.
17.6512 653.2700 If xy = 0, then x = 0 or y = 0, or both.
+ 653.2700 −17.6512
670.9212 635.6188 SCIENTIFIC NOTATION:
To multiply decimal A by decimal B: To convert a number in the scientific notation A ×
10n into regular decimal notation, move the decimal
First, disregard the decimal points, and multiply A
point in A to the right by n places if n is positive, or
and B as if they were integers.
to the left by |n| places if n is negative.
Next, if decimal A has n digits to the right of its
To convert a number B from decimal notation
decimal point, and decimal B has m digits to the
to scientific notation, move the decimal point n
right of its decimal point, place the decimal point
spaces so that exactly one nonzero digit is to its left.
so that A × B has m + n digits to the right of the
Multiply the result by 10n if you moved the decimal
decimal point.
point to the left or by 10−n if you moved it to the
To divide decimal A by decimal B, first move the right.
decimal points of A and B equally many digits to the
right until B is an integer, then divide as you would
integers.

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