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    Priyanshi Nema
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    This document summarizes qualitative analysis tests to identify acidic and basic radicals (anions and cations) in a salt. For acidic radicals, salts were reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid and heat, and observations of effervescence, smell, or gas tests identified radicals like carbonate, chloride, acetate, and nitrate. Basic radical tests involved reactions of the salt with ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide, and other reagents, with observations of precipitate colors identifying cations like ammonium, lead, aluminum, zinc, barium, strontium, calcium, and magnesium.

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    This document summarizes qualitative analysis tests to identify acidic and basic radicals (anions and cations) in a salt. For acidic radicals, salts were reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid and heat, and observations of effervescence, smell, or gas tests identified radicals like carbonate, chloride, acetate, and nitrate. Basic radical tests involved reactions of the salt with ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide, and other reagents, with observations of precipitate colors identifying cations like ammonium, lead, aluminum, zinc, barium, strontium, calcium, and magnesium.

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    31 views3 pages

    Qualitative Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Priyanshi Nema
    This document summarizes qualitative analysis tests to identify acidic and basic radicals (anions and cations) in a salt. For acidic radicals, salts were reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid and heat, and observations of effervescence, smell, or gas tests identified radicals like carbonate, chloride, acetate, and nitrate. Basic radical tests involved reactions of the salt with ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide, and other reagents, with observations of precipitate colors identifying cations like ammonium, lead, aluminum, zinc, barium, strontium, calcium, and magnesium.

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    of 3

    Qualitative analysis

    Test for Acidic Radicals (Anions)

    S.no Experiment Observation Inference


    .
    1 Salt + Dil. HCl Brisk effervescence CO32- Indicated
    Confirmatory test of CO32-
    Pass the evolved gas through Lime water turns CO32- confirmed
    lime water Milky
    2 Salt +Conc.H2SO4 +Heat Pungent Smell Cl- indicated
    Confirmatory test of Cl-
    Salt+ K2Cr2O7+ Conc.H2SO4 Red Vapours Cl- confirmed
    3 Salt +Conc.H2SO4 +Heat Vinegar Smell CH3COO- indicated
    Confirmatory test of CH3COO- Vinegar Smell CH3COO-
    Salt+ Oxalic acid + Few drops confirmed
    of Water on palm + Rub
    4 Salt +Conc.H2SO4+Heat Colourless and C2O42- indicated
    Odourless gas
    Confirmatory test of C2O42-
    O.S.+Acetic acid + CaCl2 White ppt insoluble C2O42- indicated
    in dil. HNO3
    5 Salt + Conc.H2SO4+Heat Light brown gas NO3- indicated
    Confirmatory test of NO3-
    1)To the above add Cu turnings Dark brown gas NO3- confirmed
    2) O.S.+ freshly prepared
    FeSO4 solution + conc. H2SO4
    by the sides of the test tube Dark brown ring NO3- confirmed
    6 Salt solution + BaCl2 solution White Ppt. insoluble SO42- confirmed
    in dil. HCl

    Test for Basic Radicals (Cations):-

    S.no. Experiment Observation Inference


    1 Salt+NaOH+Heat Ammoniacal smell Group zero
    (NH4+) indicated
    Confirmatory test of NH4+
    To the above add Nesseler’s Reddish brown ppt NH4+ confirmed
    Reagent
    2 O.S.+ Dil. HCl White ppt Group 1 (Pb2+)
    indicated
    Confirmatory test of Pb2+
    Filter and dissolve White ppt
    in hot water+ Divide in two
    parts Yellow ppt Pb2+ confirmed
    1)Part I + potassium iodide
    solution
    2) Part II + potassium Yellow ppt Pb2+ confirmed
    chromate solution
    3 O.S.+ Dil. HCl+ H2S Water No reaction Group 2 absent
    4 O.S.+ NH4Cl + NH4OH + White Gelatinous Group 3 (Al3+ )
    Shake PPt. indicated
    Confirmatory test of Al3+
    Filter ppt + dissolve in NaOH
    + Divide in two parts
    1)Part I + NH4Cl + Boil White Ppt Al3+ confirmed

    2) Part II + Dil. HCl + one Blue layer floating Al3+ confirmed


    drop blue litmus + NH4OH in colourless liquid
    5 O.S.+ NH4Cl + NH4OH + H2S White Ppt Group 4 (Zn2+ )
    Water indicated
    Confirmatory test of Zn2+
    Filter and Dissolve ppt in dil. Bluish white Ppt Zn2+ confirmed
    HCl + add potassium
    ferrocyanide
    6 O.S.+ NH4Cl + NH4OH + White Ppt Group 5 (Ba2+ ,
    ( NH4)2CO3 Sr2+, Ca2+ )
    indicated
    Confirmatory test
    Filter and Dissolve ppt in
    Acetic acid
    Part I + potassium chromate Yellow Ppt Ba2+ confirmed
    Part II + ammonium sulphate White Ppt Sr2+ confirmed
    Part I + ammonium oxalate White Ppt Ca2+ confirmed

    7. O.S.+ NH4Cl + NH4OH + White Ppt Mg2+ indicated


    Na2HPO4
    Confirmatory test of Mg2+
    O.S. + Titan yellow + NaOH Scarlet red Ppt Mg2+ confirmed
    +Heat

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