2017 31st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops

An Integrated Intelligent System for IoT Device Selection and Placement in

Opportunistic Networks using Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm

Miralda Cuka∗ , Donald Elmazi∗ , Ryoichiro Obukata∗ , Kesuke Ozera† , Tetsuya Oda† and Leonard Barolli†
∗ Graduate
School of Engineering
Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT)
3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
E-mail: mcuka91@gmail.com, donald.elmazi@gmail.com, obukenkyuu@gmail.com

† Departmentof Information and Communication Engineering

Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT)
3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 811–0295, Japan
Email: kosuke.o.fit@gmail.com, oda.tetsuya.fit@gmail.com, barolli@fit.ac.jp

Abstract—The Internet is dramatically evolving and creating
various connectivity methodologies. The Internet of Things
(IoT) is one of these methodologies which transform current
Internet communication to Machine-to-Machine (M2M) basis.
The IoT can seamlessly connect the real world and cyberspace
via physical objects that are embeded with various types
of intelligent sensors. The opportunistic networks are the
variants of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). These networks
can be useful for routing in places where there are few
base stations and connected routes for long distances. In an
opportunistic network, when nodes move away or turn off
their power to conserve energy, links may be disrupted or
shut down periodically. These events result in intermittent
connectivity. When there is no path existing between the source
and the destination, the network partition occurs. Therefore,
nodes need to communicate with each other via opportunistic
contacts through store-carry-forward operation. In this paper,
we present the design of an integrated intelligent system for IoT
device selection and placement in opportunistic networks using
Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm. We introduce the system
structure and present in details the design and implementation
issues.
Keywords-IoT; Opportinistic Networks; Intelligent Algo-
rithms; Fuzzy Logic; Genetic Algorithms; WSNs; Intelligent
Systems.
I. I NTRUDCTION
The Internet is dramatically evolving and creating various
connectivity methodologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) is
one of these methodologies which transform current Internet
communication to Machine-to-Machine (M2M) basis. The
IoT can seamlessly connect the real world and cyberspace
via physical objects that embed with various types of intelli-
gent sensors. A large number of Internet-connected machines
will generate and exchange an enormous amount of data
that make daily life more convenient, help to make a tough
decision and provide beneficial services. The IoT probably
becomes one of the most popular networking concepts that
has the potential to bring out many benefits [1].
Opportunistic Networks are the variants of Delay Tolerant
Networks (DTNs). It is a class of networks that has emerged
as an active research subject in the recent times. Owing
to the transient and un-connected nature of the nodes,
routing becomes a challenging task in these networks. Sparse
connectivity, no infrastructure and limited resources further
complicate the situation. Hence, the challenges for routing in
opportunistic networks is very different from the traditional
wireless networks. However, their utility and potential for
scalability makes them a huge success. These networks can
be useful for routing in places where one is not likely to find
base stations and connected routes for long distances [2].
A Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) is able to simultaneously
handle numerical data and lingustic knowledge. It is a
nonlinear mapping of an input data (feature) vector into
a scalar output. Fuzzy set theory and Fuzzy Logic (FL)
establish the specifics of the nonlinear mapping [3], [4], [5],
[6], [7], [8], [9], [10].
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are a family of computational
models inspired by evolution. These algorithms encode
a potential solution to a specific problem on a simple
chromosome-like data structure and apply recombination
operators to these structures so as to preserve critical infor-
mation. The GAs are often viewed as function optimizers,
although the range of problems to which GAs have been
applied is quite broad. An implementation of a GA be-
gins with a population of (typically random) chromosomes.
Then evaluates these structures and allocates reproductive
opportunities in such a way that those chromosomes which
represent a better solution to the target problem are given
more chances to reproduce than those chromosomes which
are poorer solutions [11], [12], [13].
In this paper, we present the design of an integrated
intelligent system for IoT device selection and placement
in opportunistic networks using FL and GA. We introduce
the system structure and present in details the design and
implementation issues.

978-1-5090-6231-7/17 $31.00 © 2017 IEEE 201

DOI 10.1109/WAINA.2017.178
 The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In
Section II, we present a brief introduction of IoT and we
describe the basics of opportunistic networks. In Section III, Bussines Layer
we introduce FL and GAs. In Section IV, we present our
proposed system. Finally, conclusions and future work are
given in Section V.

II. I OT AND O PPORTUNISTIC N ETWORKS Application Layer

A. IoT
1) Architecture: The typical IoT architecture can be di-
vided into five layers as shown in Fig. 1. Each layer is briefly
described below.
Middleware Layer
Perception Layer: The perception layer is similar to
physical layer in OSI model which consists of the different
types of sensor (i.e. RFID, Zigbee, QR code, Infrared, etc.)
devices and environmental elements. This layer generally
copes with the overall device management (identification
and collection of specific information by each type of sensor Network Layer
devices). The gathered information can be location, wind
speed, vibration, pH level, humidity, amount of dust in
the air and so on. The gathered information is transmited
through the Network Layer for its secure communication
toward central information processing system.
Perception Layer
Network Layer: The Network Layer plays an important
role in securely transfers and keeps the sensitive information
confidential from sensor devices to the central information
processing system through 3G, 4G, UMTS, WiFi, WiMAX, Figure 1. IoT Architecture Layers
RFID, Infrared and Satellite depending on the type of sen-
sors devices. This layer is mainly responsible for transfering
the information from Perception Layer to upper layer. 2) IoT Protocols: Protocol is the special set of rules and
Middleware Layer: The devices in the IoT system may regulations that end point in a telecommunication connection
generate various type of services when they are connected use when they need to communicate to other end point
and communicated with others. Middleware Layer has two which are connected to the same/different network. Here,
essential functions, including service management and store we briefly describe about the most frequently used protocols
the lower layer information into the database. Moreover, this for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication: MQTT
layer has capability to retrieve, process, compute informa- (Message Queue Telemetry Transport). The MQTT is a
tion, and then automatically makes decision based on the Client Server publishes or subscribes messaging transport
computational results. protocol. It is light weight, open, simple and designed so as
Application Layer: Application Layer is responsible for to be easy to implement. The protocol runs over TCP/IP or
inclusive applications management based on the processed over other network protocols that provided ordered, lossless,
information in the Middleware Layer. The IoT applications bi-directional connections. The MQTT features include the
can be smart postal, smart heath, smart car, smart glasses, use of the publish/subscribe message pattern which provides
smart home, smart independent living, smart transportation one-to-many message distribution and a messaging transport
and so on. that is agnostic to the content of the payload.
Business Layer: This layer functions cover the whole The MQTT protocol is not only minimized transport
IoT applications and services management. It can create overhead and protocol exchange to reduce network traffic
practically graphs, business models, flow chart and executive but also has an extraordinary mechanism to notify interested
report based on the amount of accurate data received from parties when an abnormal disconnection occur.
lower layer and effective data analysis process. Based on the The CoAP (Constraint Application Protocol) is a special-
good analysis results, it will help the functional managers ized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes
or executives to make more accurate decisions about the and constrained networks (e.g. low-power, lossy). The nodes
business strategies and roadmaps. often have 8-bit microcontroller with small amounts of ROM

202
and RAM, while constrained network often have high packet
error rate and typical throughput is 10 kbps. This protocol
is designed for M2M application such as smart city and
building automation. The CoAP provides a request and
response interaction model between application end points,
support build-in discovery services and resources, and in-
cludes key concepts of the Web such as URIs and Internet
media types. The CoAP is designed to friendly interface
with HTTP for integration with the Web while meeting
specialized requirements such as multicast support, very low
overhead and simplicity for constrained environments.
3) Applications of Internet of Things: The IoT appli-
cations can be grouped in 14 domains: Transportation,
Smart home, Smart city, Lifestyle, Retail, Agriculture, Smart
factory, Supply chain, Emergency, User Interaction, Health-
care, Culture and tourism, Environment and Energy. The
most interesting applications are smart home, smart city,
transportation and healthcare. The IoT applications in trans-
portation, healthcare, smart city and smart home include:
• Assisted Driving,
• Mobile Ticketing,
• Sensing,
• Identification and Authentication,
• Comfortable Homes and Offices.
B. Opportunistic Networks
The opportunistic networks are considered as a sub-class
of Delay-Tolerant Network where communication oppor-
tunities (contacts) are intermittent, so an end-to-end path
between the source and the destination may never exist.
The link performance in an opportunistic networks is highly
variable. Therefore, TCP/IP protocol will break in this
kind of environment because an end-to-end path between
the source and the destination may only exist for a brief
and unpredictable period of time. Long propagation and
variable queuing delays might be introduced and many
Internet protocols which are designed to assume quick return
of acknowledgements and data can fail to work in such
networks. One possible solution to resolve the above issues
is to exploits node mobility and local forwarding in order
to transfer data. Data can be stored and carried by taking
advantage of node mobility and then forwarded during
opportunistic contacts. Here entire chunks of message are
transferred from one storage place to a storage place in
another node along a path that is expected to reach the
destination.
1) Architecture: The architecture of opportunistic net-
works is shown in Fig. 2. In an opportunistic network, a
network is typically separated into several network partitions
called regions. Traditional applications are not suitable for
this kind of environment because they normally assume
that the end-to-end connection must exist from the source
to the destination. The opportunistic network enables the
devices in different regions to interconnect by operating
203
Application
Opportunistic
Service Layer
Opportunistic
Pervasive Networks
Resources
Human Social Layer
Figure 2. Opportunistic Networks Architecture
message in a store-carry-forward fashion. The intermediate
nodes implement the store-carry-forward message switching
mechanism by overlaying a new protocol layer, called the
bundle layer, on top of heterogeneous region-specific lower
layers. In an opportunistic network, each node is an entity
with a bundle layer which can act as a host, a router or a
gateway. When the node acts as a router, the bundle layer
can store, carry and forward the entire bundles (or bundle
fragments) between the nodes in the same region. On the
other hand, the bundle layer of gateway is used to transfer
messages across different regions. A gateway can forward
bundles between two or more regions and may optionally
be a host, so it must have persistent storage and support
custody transfers.
2) Opportunistic Network Challenges: In an opportunis-
tic network, when nodes move away or turn off their power
to conserve energy, links may be disrupted or shut down
periodically. These events result in intermittent connectivity.
When there is no path existing between the source and the
destination, the network partition occurs. Therefore, nodes
need to communicate with each other via opportunistic
contacts through store-carry-forward operation. Here, we
consider two specific challenges in an opportunistic network:
the contact opportunity and the node storage.
Contact Opportunity: Due to the node mobility or the
dynamics of wireless channel, a node might make contact
with other nodes at an unpredicted time. Since contacts
between nodes are hardly predictable, they must be exploited
 Input Inference Output
Fuzzifier Engine Defuzzifier
Fuzzy Rule
Base
Figure 3. Fuzzy Logic Controller
opportunistically for exchanging messages between some
nodes that can move between remote fragments of the
network. The routing methods for opportunistic network
can be clasified based on characteristics of participants
movement patterns. The patterns are classified according to
two independent properties: their inherent structure and their
adaptiveness to the demand in the network. Other approaches
proposed message ferries to provide communication service
for nodes in the deployment areas. In addition, the contact
capacity needs to be considered.
Node Storage: To avoid dropping packets, the interme-
diate nodes are requires to have enough storage to store
all messages for an unpredictable period of time until next
contact occurs. In other words, the required storage space
increases a function of the number of messages in the
network. Therefore, the routing and replication strategies
must take the storage constraint into consideration.
III. F UZZY L OGIC AND G ENETIC A LGORITHMS
A. FL
In FL a proposition may be true or false or have an
intermediate truth-value, such as maybe true. The richness
of FL is that there are enormous numbers of possibilities
that lead to lots of different mappings. This richness does
require a careful understanding of FL and the elements that
comprise a FLS.
1) Fuzzy Sets: Fuzzy sets are a further development of
the mathematical concept of a set. For control engineers,
fuzzy logic and fuzzy relations are the most important in
order to understand how fuzzy rules work. A set is any
collection of objects which can be treated as a whole. The
terms set, collection and class are synonyms, just as the
terms item, element and member. Almost anything called
a set in ordinary conversation is an acceptable set in the
mathematical sense.
2) Fuzzy Logic Controller: Fuzzy sets and fuzzy
logic [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20] , have been de-
veloped to manage vagueness and uncertainty in a reasoning
process of an intelligent system such as a knowledge based
system, an expert system or a logic control system. The
main part of a FLS is Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The
structure of FLC is shown in Fig. 3. They are the fuzzifier,
inference engine, Fuzzy Rule Base (FRB) and defuzzifier.
Fuzzifier: The fuzzifier maps crisp numbers into fuzzy
sets. It is needed in order to activate rules wich are in terms
204
of linguistic variables, which have fuzzy sets associated with
them.
Inference Engine: The inference engine maps fuzzy sets
into fuzzy sets. It handles the way in which rules are com-
bined just as humans use many different types of inferential
procedures to understand things or to make decisions. There
are many different FL inferential procedures.
Defuzzifier: In many applications, crisp numbers must be
obtained at the output of a FLS. The deffuzifier maps output
sets into crisp numbers. In a control application, for example,
such a number corresponds to a control action. In a signal
processing application, such a number could correspond to
the prediction of an activity.
B. GAs
The GA is a method for moving from one population
of chromosomes (e.g., strings of bits representing candidate
solutions to a problem) to a new population, using selection
together with the genetics-inspired operators of crossover,
mutation, and inversion. Each chromosome consists of genes
(e.g., bits), with each gene being an instance of a particular
allele (e.g., 0 or 1). The selection operator chooses those
chromosomes in the population that will be allowed to
reproduce, with fitter chromosomes producing on average
more offspring than less fit ones. Crossover exchanges
subparts of two chromosomes, roughly mimicking biological
recombination between two single-chromosome (haploid)
organisms; mutation randomly changes the allele values of
some locations in the chromosome; and inversion reverses
the order of a contiguous section of the chromosome, thus
rearranging the order in which genes are arrayed.
1) GA Operations: The simplest form of GA involves
three types of operators:
• Selection: This operator selects chromosomes in the
population for reproduction. The fitter the chromosome,
the more times it is likely to be selected to reproduce.
• Crossover: This operator exchanges subsequences of
two chromosomes to create two offspring. For example,
the strings 10000100 and 11111111 could be crossed
over after the third locus in each to produce the two
offspring 10011111 and 11100100.
• Mutation: This operator randomly flips some bits in a
chromosome. For example, the string 00000100 might
be mutated in its second position to yield 01000100.
Mutation can occur at each bit position in a string with
some probability, usually very small.
2) Applications of Genetic Algorithms: Variations of GAs
have been used in a large number of scientific and engineer-
ing problems and models, including the following.
• Optimization: GAs have been used in a wide variety
of optimization tasks, including numerical optimization
as well as combinatorial optimization problems such as
circuit layout and job-shop scheduling.
 IDS
IDD
IDRE
Sensing
Module Network
Parameters
Figure 4.
• Automatic Programming: GAs have been used to
evolve computer programs for specific tasks and to
design other computational structures, such as cellular
automata and sorting networks.
• Machine Learning: GAs have been used for many
machine-learning applications, including classification
and prediction tasks such as the prediction of weather
or protein structure. GAs have also been used to evolve
aspects of particular machine-learning systems, such as
weights for neural networks, rules for learning classifier
systems or symbolic production systems, and sensors
for robots.
• Population Genetics Models: GAs have been used
to study questions in population genetics, such as
under what conditions will a gene for recombination
be evolutionarily viable?
• Interactions of Evolution and Learning: GAs have
been used to study how individual learning and species
evolution affect each other.
• Models of Social Systems: GAs have been used to
study evolutionary aspects of social systems, such as
the evolution of cooperation, the evolution of commu-
nication, and trail-following behavior in ants.
FS-IDON IDSD
GA-PID
GA
Parameters
Simulation System
Based on GA
for Node Placement
Placement of
IoT Devices
Proposed system structure.
IV. P ROPOSED S YSTEM
The structure of our integrated system is shown in Fig. 4.
First, the input parameters of Fuzzy System-IoT Devices
for Opportunistic Network (FS-IDON) are sensed by the
Sensing Module and then the FS-IDON makes the selection
of an appropriate IoT device for a required task. After that
the Genetic Algorithm-Placement of IoT Device (GA-PID)
decides the placement point where the IoT device should be
allocated to carry out the task.
Based on opportunistic networks characteristics and chal-
lenges, we consider the following parameters for implemen-
tation of FS-IDON system.
IoT Device Speed (IDS): There are different types of
IoT devices in opportunistic networks scenarios. There are
IoT devices such as: mobile phone terminals, computers,
cars, trains, plains, robots and so on. Considering that high
speed nodes can transfer the information faster, they will be
selected with high probability.
IoT Device Density (IDD): The number of IoT devices
in an opportunistic network scenario can be different. When
there are many devices, the present device will not be
selected in order to save the energy. Otherwise if the density
of IoT devices is low, the present device will be selected with
high probability.
IoT Device Remaining Energy (IDRE): The IoT devices
205
in opportunistic networks are active and can perform tasks
and exchange data in different ways from each other. Con-
sequently, some devices may have a lot of remaining power
and other may have very little, when an event occurs.
IoT Device Selection Decision (IDSD): The proposed
system considers the following levels for IoT devices selec-
tion:
• Very Low Selection Possibility (VLSP) - The IoT
device will have very low probability to be selected.
• Low Selection Possibility (LSP) - There might be other
IoT devices which can do the job better.
• Middle Selection Possibility (MSP) - The IoT device
is ready to be assigned a task, but is not the “chosen”
one.
• High Selection Possibility (HSP) - The IoT device takes
responsibility of completing the task.
• Very High Selection Possibility (VHSP) - The IoT
device has almost all required information and potential
to be selected and then allocated in an appropriate
position to carry out a job.
The GA-PID system is based on Rust. Rust is a system
programming language focused on three goals: safety, speed,
and concurrency. Rust supports a mixture of program-
ming styles: imperative procedural, concurrent actor, object-
oriented and functional.
Our GA-PID system can generate instances of the problem
using different distributions of events, sensor nodes and actor
nodes. For the network configuration, we use: distribution of
events, number of events, number of sensor nodes, number
of actor nodes, area size, radius of communication range and
radius of sensing range. For the GA parameter configuration,
we use: number of independent runs, GA evolution steps,
population size, crossover probability, mutation probability,
initial placement methods, selection methods. We explain in
details the GA operations in following.
Selection Operator: As selection operator, we use
roulette-wheel selection. In roulette-wheel selection, each
individual in the population is assigned a roulette wheel
slot sized in proportion to its fitness. That is, in the biased
roulette wheel, good solutions have a larger slot size than
the less fit solutions. The roulette wheel can obtain a
reproduction candidate.
Crossover Operator: The crossover operators are the
most important ingredient of GAs. Indeed, by selecting
individuals from the parental generation and interchanging
their genes, new individuals (descendants) are obtained.
The aim is to obtain descendants of better quality that
will feed the next generation and enable the search to
explore new regions of solution space not explored yet.
There exist many types of crossover operators explored in
the evolutionary computing literature. It is very important to
stress that crossover operators depend on the chromosome
representation. This observation is especially important for
the IoT device problem, since in our case, instead of having
206
strings we have a area of nodes located in a certain positions.
The crossover operator should thus take into account the
specifics of IoT device encoding. We have considered the
following crossover operator, called intersection operators
(denoted CrossRegion), which take in input two individuals
and produce in output two new individuals.
Mutation Operator: Mutation operator is one of the
GA ingredients. Unlike crossover operators, which achieve
to transmit genetic information from parents to offsprings,
mutation operators usually make some small local pertur-
bation of the individuals, having thus less impact on newly
generated individuals.
Crossover is a must operator in GA and is usually applied
with high probability, while mutation operators when imple-
mented are applied with small probability. The rationale is
that a large mutation rate would make the GA search to
resemble a random search. Due to this, mutation operator is
usually considered as a secondary operator.
In the case of IoT device placement, the matrix repre-
sentation is chosen for the individuals of the population, in
order to keep the information on IoT device positions, events
positions, links among nodes and links among nodes and
events. The definition of the mutation operators is therefore
specific to matrix-based encoding of the individuals of the
population. We consider SingleMutate mutation operator
which is a move-based operator. It selects an IoT device in
the problem area and moves it to another cell of the problem
area.
V. C ONCLUSIONS AND F UTURE W ORK
In this paper, we presented the design of an integrated
intelligent system for IoT device selection and placement
in opportunistic networks using FL and GA. The FS-IDON
system makes the selection of an appropriate IoT device for
a required task. The GA-PID decides the placement of IoT
device in an opportunistic network in order to carry out a
required task. We introduce the system structure and present
in details the design and implementation issues.
In the future work, we would like to evaluate the proposed
system and compare its performance with other systems.
R EFERENCES
[1] S. Kraijak and P. Tuwanut, “A survey on internet of things
architecture, protocols, possible applications, security, pri-
vacy, real-world implementation and future trends,” in IEEE
16th International Conference on Communication Technology
(ICCT). IEEE, 2015, pp. 26–31.
[2] S. K. Dhurandher, D. K. Sharma, I. Woungang, and S. Bhati,
“Hbpr: history based prediction for routing in infrastructure-
less opportunistic networks,” in IEEE 27th International
Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Appli-
cations (AINA). IEEE, 2013, pp. 931–936.
 [3] T. Inaba, S. Sakamoto, V. Kolici, G. Mino, and L. Barolli, “A [16] T. Inaba, S. Sakamoto, E. Kulla, S. Caballe, M. Ikeda, and
CAC Scheme Based on Fuzzy Logic for Cellular Networks L. Barolli, “An Integrated System for Wireless Cellular and
Considering Security and Priority Parameters,” The 9-th Inter- Ad-Hoc Networks Using Fuzzy Logic,” International Con-
national Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, ference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems
Communication and Applications (BWCCA-2014), pp. 340– (INCoS-2014), pp. 157–162, 2014.
346, 2014.
[17] K. Matsuo, D. Elmazi, Y. Liu, S. Sakamoto, and L. Barolli,
[4] E. Spaho, S. Sakamoto, L. Barolli, F. Xhafa, V. Barolli, and “A Multi-modal Simulation System for Wireless Sensor
J. Iwashige, “A Fuzzy-Based System for Peer Reliability in Networks: A Comparison Study Considering Stationary and
JXTA-Overlay P2P Considering Number of Interactions,” The Mobile Sink and Event,” Journal of Ambient Intelligence and
16th International Conference on Network-Based Information Humanized Computing, pp. 1–11, 2015.
Systems (NBiS-2013), pp. 156–161, 2013.
[18] V. Kolici, T. Inaba, A. Lala, G. Mino, S. Sakamoto, and
[5] K. Matsuo, D. Elmazi, Y. Liu, S. Sakamoto, G. Mino, and L. Barolli, “A Fuzzy-Based CAC Scheme for Cellular Net-
L. Barolli, “FACS-MP: A Fuzzy Admission Control System works Considering Security,” International Conference on
with Many Priorities for Wireless Cellular Networks and Its Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS-2014), pp. 368–
Performance Evaluation,” Journal of High Speed Networks, 373, 2014.
vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2015.
[19] Y. Liu, S. Sakamoto, K. Matsuo, M. Ikeda, L. Barolli,
[6] M. Grabisch, “The Application of Fuzzy Integrals in Multi- and F. Xhafa, “A Comparison Study for Two Fuzzy-based
criteria Decision Making,” European journal of operational Systems: Improving Reliability and Security of JXTA-overlay
research, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 445–456, 1996. P2P Platform,” Soft Computing, pp. 1–11, 2015.
[7] T. Inaba, D. Elmazi, Y. Liu, S. Sakamoto, L. Barolli, and
[20] K. Matsuo, D. Elmazi, Y. Liu, S. Sakamoto, G. Mino, and
K. Uchida, “Integrating Wireless Cellular and Ad-Hoc Net-
L. Barolli, “FACS-MP: A Fuzzy Admission Control System
works Using Fuzzy Logic Considering Node Mobility and
with Many Priorities for Wireless Cellular Networks and Its
Security,” The 29th IEEE International Conference on Ad-
Perforemance Evaluation,” Journal of High Speed Network,
vanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops
vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2015.
(WAINA-2015), pp. 54–60, 2015.

[8] E. Kulla, G. Mino, S. Sakamoto, M. Ikeda, S. Caballé, and

L. Barolli, “FBMIS: A Fuzzy-Based Multi-interface System
for Cellular and Ad Hoc Networks,” International Confer-
ence on Advanced Information Networking and Applications
(AINA-2014), pp. 180–185, 2014.

[9] D. Elmazi, E. Kulla, T. Oda, E. Spaho, S. Sakamoto, and

L. Barolli, “A Comparison Study of Two Fuzzy-based Sys-
tems for Selection of Actor Node in Wireless Sensor Actor
Networks,” Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized
Computing, pp. 1–11, 2015.

[10] J. M. Mendel, “Fuzzy Logic Systems for Engineering: a

Tutorial,” Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 345–377,
1995.

[11] H. John, “Holland, adaptation in natural and artificial systems:

An introductory analysis with applications to biology, control
and artificial intelligence.” MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,
1992.

[12] D. E. Goldberg and J. H. Holland, “Genetic algorithms and

machine learning,” Machine Learning, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 95–
99, 1988.

[13] K. Sastry, D. E. Goldberg, and G. Kendall, “Genetic algo-

rithms,” in Search Methodologies. Springer, 2014, pp. 93–
117.

[14] L. Zadeh, “Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and Soft Comput-

ing,” ACM Communications, pp. 77–84, 1994.

[15] E. Spaho, S. Sakamoto, L. Barolli, F. Xhafa, and M. Ikeda,

“Trustworthiness in P2P: Performance Behaviour of Two
Fuzzy-based Systems for JXTA-overlay Platform,” Soft Com-
puting, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1783–1793, 2014.

207