3 Baruch

3 Baruch or the Greek Apocalypse of Baruch is a visionary, pseudepigraphic text written some time
between the fall of Jerusalem to the Roman Empire in 70 AD[1][2] and the third century AD.[1][3] Scholars
disagree on whether it was written by a Jew or a Christian, or whether a clear distinction can be made in
this era.[1] It is one of the Pseudepigrapha, attributed to the 6th-century BC scribe of Jeremiah, Baruch ben
Neriah, and does not form part of the biblical canon of either Jews or Christians. It survives in certain
Greek manuscripts, and also in a few Old Church Slavonic ones.[1]

Contents
Content
Origins
See also
Citations
References
External links

Content
Like 2 Baruch, this Greek Apocalypse of Baruch describes the state of Jerusalem after the sack by
Nebuchadnezzar in 587 BC and discusses how Jerusalem can survive when the temple is no longer in
existence. It frames this discussion as a mystical vision granted to Baruch ben Neriah. Also like 2 Baruch, 3
Baruch argues that the Temple has been preserved in heaven and is presented as fully functional and
attended by angels; thus there is no need for the temple to be rebuilt on earth. This third book of Baruch
addresses the question of why God permits good people to suffer, and answering with a vision of the
afterlife in which sinners and the righteous get their just rewards.[2]

During the vision, Baruch is shown various heavens,[4] there witnessing the punishment of the builders of
the "tower of strife against God" (perhaps the Tower of Babel); a serpent named Hades who drinks from
the sea; and other such marvels, until he is finally stopped by a locked gate at the fifth heaven, which only
the archangel Michael has the ability to open.

The builders of the "tower of strife" are described in terms that could be regarded as demonic – with the
faces of cattle, horns of sheep, and feet of goats; while those who commanded them to build it are punished
eternally in a separate heaven where they are reincarnated in the forms of dogs, bears or apes. Baruch also
witnesses a phoenix, which the text portrays as a massive singular bird that protects the earth from the rays
of the sun.

Origins
Lee asserts that the text was originally written in Greek by someone with a Semitic background.[1] Other
scholars find significant that the Old Church Slavonic versions do not contain the Christian overtones of the
Greek text and conclude that the extant Greek text represents a rewriting in the Christian age.

See also
Baruch
Book of Baruch
2 Baruch
4 Baruch

Citations
1. Lee 2001, p. 158.
2. Harris, Stephen L. (1985). Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield Pub. Co. ISBN 978-
0-87484-696-6.
3. Charlesworth, James H., ed. (2007). The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Volume 1:
Apocalyptic Literature and Testaments. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
ISBN 978-0300140194.
4. This literary trope of Apocalyptic literature is discussed by Dean-Otting, Mary (1984).
Heavenly Journeys: A Study of the Motif in Hellenistic Jewish Literature. Frankfurt am Main:
Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-82047-433-6.

References
Lee, Pilchan (2001). The New Jerusalem in the Book of Revelation: A Study of Revelation
21-22 in the Light of Its Background in Jewish Tradition (https://books.google.com/books?id=
PN8RdHFLIQ4C&pg=PA158). Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-16-147477-4.

External links
3 Baruch at earlyjewishwritings.com (http://earlyjewishwritings.com/3baruch.html)
Bibliography and Slavonic Manuscripts of 3 Baruch (http://www.marquette.edu/maqom/pseu
depigrapha.html)
Text of 3 Baruch (https://web.archive.org/web/20030421102137/http://wesley.nnu.edu/nonca
non/ot/pseudo/3baruch.htm)

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