ECE3501-INTERNET OF THINGS

FUNDAMENTALS
DR.B.NAGAJAYANTHI
COURSE OBJECTIVES

1.To impart knowledge on the infrastructure, sensor technologies

and networking technologies in IoT.
2.To analyze, design and develop IoT solutions.
3.To explore the entrepreneurial aspects of Internet of Things.
4.To apply the concept of Internet of Things in real world
scenarios.
EXPECTED COURSE OUTCOMES:

• After successfully completing the course the student should

be able to Identify the main components of IoT.
• Program the controller and sensor as part of IoT.
• Assess different Internet of Things technologies and their
applications.
A GLIMPSE OF THE COURSE

• INTRODUCTION -IT-ITeS/BPM Industry , Future Skills

• Internet of Things - An Introduction
• IoT Security and Privacy
• IoT Solutions
• Prototyping the Pilot execution
• Scalability of IoT Solutions
• Build and Maintain Relationships at the Workplace, Team Empowerment
• Understand the nature of work across IT-ITeS sector, the various sub sectors and their evolution.
• Elaborate the various occupations under the Future Skills subsector and the impact of these on
organizations and businesses.
• Discuss evolution of IoT and evaluate the possible impact of IoT on businesses and society.
• List common security and privacy risks that affect IoT solutions and methods that mitigate them.
• Execute pilots for IoT solutions
• Design, develop and apply models for IoT solutions.
• Identify opportunities for use case development for IoT solutions.
• Deploy analytics solutions for IoT solutions .
TEXT BOOKS

• Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, “Internet of Things: A

hands-on Approach”, University Press, 2015.
• Adrian McEwen & Hakim Cassimally, “Designing the
Internet of Things”, Wiley,Nov 2013, (1 st edition)
• ClaireRowland, Elizabeth Goodman, Martin Charlier, Ann
Light, Algred Lui,” Designing Connected Products: UX for the
consumer internet of things”, O’Reilly, (1 st edition),2015
REFERENCES

• Rethinking the Internet of things: A Scalable Approach to Connecting Everything by Francis daCosta,
Apress, 2014
• Learning Internet of Things by Peter Waher, Packt Publishing, 2015
• Designing the Internet of Things, by Adrian Mcewen, Hakin Cassimally , Wiley India Private Limited
• Cloud Computing, Thomas Erl, Pearson Education, 2014
• Foundations of Modern Networking: SDN, NFV, QoE, IoT, and Cloud, William Stallings, Addison-
Wesley Professional; 1 edition
• https://nsdcindia.org/sites/default/files/MC_SSCQ8210_V1.0_IoTDomainSpecialist_.pdf
MODULE 1

• IT-ITeS/BPM Industry – An Introduction, the relevance of the IT-ITeS sector,

Future Skills – An Introduction, General overview of the Future Skills sub-
sector.
IOT-INTERNET OF THINGS

• “The Internet of Things (IoT) is the networking of physical devices (also

referred to as "connected devices" and "smart devices") embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, actuators and network connectivity that
enable these objects to collect and exchange data”.
• “A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced
services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on
existing and evolving interoperable information and communication
technologies”.
• Many billion devices are connected to the Internet to gather information , to
get details from the marketplace, and for entertainment mostly.
• IoT is an interconnected web of objects( things) that are embedded with
sensors, software, hardware and much more .
• More data is used to take better decisions.
• Smart/Convenience/Automation
• Quality of Life
• Mobile Era
• Energy/Power Conservation
BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS OF IOT
IOT CHARACTERISTICS

• Digital Transformation Revolution.

• Ability to send/receive information makes it Smart.
• Scalability- Adding load should not degrade the performance.
• Interoperable.
• Low energy.
• Secured.
• Open Source/Open API.
• Support for failure.
• Recoverability- No data should be lost in case of failure.
• Consistency-Operate seamlessly without dependency on other devices.
• Intelligence: This will be essential for smart product
• Connectivity: This feature will be responsible for network accessibility and compatibility features of the devices
and hence one of the prime characteristics.
• Sensing: Like collecting the information basing the retrieval capacity and providing it for intelligent decision
• Expressing: This will enable interactivity with humans and the world.
• Energy: Without this, there will not be the creation of our devices. Energy harvesting and proper infrastructure
to charge and all will be important features for our IoT devices
• Safety: The prime feature on which the customer rely and use the product. Hence no compromise on this is
allowed and all the details need to be checked and validated. For some features, if you see there are even
government regulations as well.
IOT ARCHITECTURE
IOT ARCHITECTURE
IOT ARCHITECTURE

• IoT Architecture tells the data where to go, what format to use, how to get there and what actions to
take based upon this data.
• Things-Devices such as implants, sensors. Machine or person- Collect Data such as temperature,
pressure.
• For example, your phone is a device that has multiple sensors (camera, accelerometer, GPS, etc.,),
but your phone is not just a sensor since it can also perform many actions.
• Data is sent in the form of instructions or commands that tell an actuator or other physically
connected device to take some action to control a physical process.
• An actuator could do something as simple as turning on a light or as consequential as shutting
down a light if failure is detected.
• Data is collected from the sensors attached to things and is sent wirelessly through a
network to the cloud.
• Sensor is connected to the cloud through a Network that might be Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
Ethernet etc., with constraints on range, bandwidth , power consumption , etc.,
• Cloud processes the data , analyses and stores the data for future retrieval. For
example it checks the temperature or views images to detect intruders .
• User Interface –This information is sent as an alert to the end user or control the
temperature of the room remotely.
IOT ARCHITECTURE
• Devices collect the data e.g., sensors. Data would be displayed or would control
another device-Actuator
• Embedded systems- Devices with microprocessors /controllers- memory
Card/Software -Smart Devices.
• Real time computing –low power consumption
• Data Acquisition systems(DAS) collects raw data and converts it from analog to
digital before sending it to the gateway.
• Data is filtered and compressed in a form suitable for transmission.
• Gateway-connects device to the Internet.
• Data is preprocessed in the Edge using Machine Learning or the Collected
Data is stored and processed in the Cloud using Big Data Analytics
• Applications help to control and monitor devices remotely
FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS OF IOT
IOT FUNCTIONALITIES

• A Complete IoT system consists of four distinct components: sensors/devices,

connectivity, data processing, and a user interface.
• This performs :
• Sensing
• Identification
• Actuation
• Communication
• Management
IOT

• Sensors collect information and sends it.

• Receive information and then act on it.
• Things that do both- Gets data and actuator functions based on the data.
SENSOR-SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
• Song heard in mobile is stored in cloud
• Being connected
IT-ITES/BPM INDUSTRY

• Digital Era
• IoT connects OT (operational technology) and IT.
• Information Technology (IT)
• Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
• The Information Technology enabled Services (ITeS)
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• Information Technology (IT) means creating, managing, storing and exchanging information- Eg., computer
hardware and software technology
• Computer takes data as input, processes it and produces the results as output.
• The information is the result of data processing.
• Number of boys and girls in a class is a factual data of the classroom. Conclusion can be drawn based on the
data. This conclusion is information. The decisions are taken on the basis of data and information.
• The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects,
animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network
without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
• Largest IT hub is in bangalore.
• With IoT, IT infrastructure and the overall IT landscape as such is complemented.
• We have a broad range of new hardware, software, connectivity solutions and
services.
• From software such as IoT platforms and hardware such as all the smart ‘things’, the
sensors, the actuators, IoT gateways or IoT edge devices to a bunch of
predominantly wireless IoT connectivity solutions, a big market of new services on top
of service platforms and service providers and new ways to process and analyze IoT
data such as edge computing.
• AI , Machine Learning , Big Data Analytics–New Technologies.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• "Information Technology is the technology associated with computers."

• Techniques for processing large amounts of information rapidly – For
example ,”A large amount of sales information was processed rapidly.“
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• The application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making.

1.Current climatic data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction,
etc. are collected.
2.Then, the weather for days that had similar climatic data in the past is examined.
3.Finally, the probability of precipitation is calculated based on that past weather
statics.
• The simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.
• For example, a racing game such as Mario Kart can be said to simulate the
behavior of a car by a computer program called a video game.
• Another example of "Simulation of higher-order thinking" might
be AI:Artificial Intelligence, in which computers learn from data and create
answers on behalf of humans.
IT IN BUSINESS-ADVANTAGES

• Connected with customers

• Reducing costs
• Improves efficiency
• Maximizes profit
• Minimizes waste
• Better service to customers
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• Raw data .
• Convert raw data into useful information.
• Technology eases work.
• Reduces Distance and Time
BENEFITS OF IT

• Stone – Tiles– Sell the product- Helps in developing and reaching out to
potential customers– Google Search – Reduces Cost and Time- Reduces
Waste and increases productivity.
IT IN HOME

• play games, surf the web, E-mail, create music,

IT IN EDUCATION/WORKPLACE
IT IN EDUCATION

• Education everywhere-Web based Learning

• LMS-Learning Management system –manages school system-
Register and learn from anywhere and at any time.
• Teaching Aids-Multimedia ,Animation
IT IN ENTERTAINMENT

• Digital Broadcasting
• Games
IT IN HEALTHCARE

• Diagnosis-BP
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Machine): MRI machines
are used to give the digital impression of internal organs of the body by
using strong magnetic fields and radio waves. The digital images are
very helpful in the detection and in deciding the treatment of diseases.
IT IN PUBLIC SERVICE AND GOVERNMENT

• DigitalIndia and e-governance –Government and Non-Government

Organizations communicate with the people through web portals using
ICT to Provide services to the people– Aadhar Card
• Electricity Bill
• E-Commerce
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ENABLED SERVICES (ITES)
• Information Technology that enables the business by improving the quality of service is Information
Technology enabled Services (ITeS)- from small scale to large scale.
• Includes devices or applications.
• ITeS is also called web-enabled services or remote services
• ITeS outsources the processes that are enabled with information technology that covers diverse areas
like finance, HR, administration, health care, telecommunication, manufacturing, etc.
• Improves Economy and organizational efficiency.
• These services are delivered through a platform of telecommunication or data network or other
electronic media.
OPPORTUNITIES IN ITES

• Healthcare- Monitoring illness to disease prevention

• Medical/Legal/Business Transcription-business process outsourcing services(BPO)
• Call Centers-improve corporate performance
• Travel services
• Logistics Management
• E-learning
• Coding
• GIS (geographical information system),
• Web Services
• Human Resource (HR) services, etc.
SERVICES OFFERED BY THE ITES

Some ITES services are listed below.

• KPO (Knowledge Process Outsourcing)

• BPO (Business Process Outsourcing)
• GPO (Game Process Outsourcing)
• Call Centres- extensively trained workers ready to assist people remotely with their queries.
• Operations at Back Office- this includes HR related work, data entry and data conversion, finance and
accounting verticals.

• Logistics Management- in supply chain management

BPO-BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING

• Organization & Companies can expand and enhance their versatility through
BPO (Business Process Outsourcing), which is a significant segment of ITeS.
• ITeS enhanced and improved organizational versatility is by increasing the
rate of company processes, events and assignments,
• SCM (supply chain management) is through efficient and advantageous use
of chain partners and outsourcing of company processes to improve the pace
of specific company duties and functions.
FAMOUS INDIAN IT-ITES COMPANIES

• CMC Limited
• HCL Technologies Limited
• Infosys Technologies Limited
• TCS (Tata Consultancy Services Ltd)
• Tech Mahindra Limited
• NIIT Technologies
• An example of ITES BPO that is not Internet-based is an outsourced IT
helpdesk. Companies use an internal IT helpdesk to troubleshoot their own
network. If this function is outsourced, the service provider manages service
requests by phone or email, logs into the company's network, uses software
to remotely view and control an employee's terminal, and solves problems
through these and other electronic means.
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

• For example, to exchange messages with friends and get the latest weather
forecast on your phone, you need to connect to the Internet.
• In this way, it is inevitable that computers communicate with the outside
world today. Therefore, the term "ICT" is used to emphasize this
"communication".
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY-ICT
• smart-board presentations
• videos on experiments
• creation of images and video
• desktop publishing of magazines, letters and documents
• educational games
• gathering educational information on the Internet.
BPO/BPM

• BPO-BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING SERVICES-These services are delivered through a

platform of telecommunication or data network or other electronic media.
• Performing business operations through an outside service provider –Example -Health Care Services
• Get the components where it is cheap and get service from an outside service provider.
• BPM –Business Process management
• provides India with a wide range of economic and social benefits which includes creating employment,
raising income levels, and promoting exports.
• It has placed India on the world map with an image of a technologically advanced and knowledge-based
economy.
DIGITAL SOLUTIONS

• Every industry confronts a digital transformation.

• But how it plays out and the degree of impact it has on competitive
advantage will vary widely depending on the specific sector.
• The winners will be those companies that combine traditional industry
expertise with a deep understanding of the disruptive potential of the latest
technologies.
NASSCOM - FUTURESKILLS

• The National Association of Software and Service Companies is a trade association of Indian Information Technology and
Business Process Outsourcing industry. Established in 1988, NASSCOM is a non-profit organization. In 2013, NASSCOM
initiated a program promoting 10,000 startups in India by 2023.

• The National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) is an Indian non-governmental trade association
and advocacy group, focused mainly on the technology industry of India.

• Comprises over 3000 member companies including both Indian and multinational organizations that have a presence in
India.

• NASSCOM, a non-profit industry association, is the apex body for the 180 billion dollar IT BPM industry in India, an
industry that had made a phenomenal contribution to India's GDP, exports, employment, infrastructure and global visibility.
In India, this industry provides the highest employment in the private sector.

• An industry driven learning ecosystem to get India accelerated on the journey to building skills and becoming the global hub
for talent on emerging technologies.

• FutureSkills thus focuses on 155+ skills spanning across 70+ job roles on 10 emerging technologies namely Artificial Intelligence,
Blockchain, Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, Cyber Security, Internet of Things, Mobile Tech, Robotic Process Automation,
Virtual Reality & 3D Printing were identified.
GENESIS

• Under the aegis of NASSCOM, a Skills of the Future Workgroup was set up, with representatives from the
Industry to understand the implications of the disruption caused by technology.

• Boston Consulting Group (BCG) is a global management consulting firm and also is a leading business strategy
advisor. They partner with the clients and address their critical challenges.

• Led by BCG, a research was conducted to understand the shape of future skilling/reskilling initiative that will be
able to deal with the wave of digital disruption.

• The research identified the technologies poised to grow tremendously, associated job roles and corresponding
skills required for those technologies. FutureSkills thus focuses on 155+ skills spanning across 70+ job roles on
10 emerging technologies namely Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing,
Cyber Security, Internet of Things, Mobile Tech, Robotic Process Automation, Virtual Reality & 3D Printing were
identified.
LAUNCH

• NASSCOM FutureSkills was launched on 19th February 2018 in the presence of

senior industry leaders and government officials.
• The programme aims to reskill 2 million professionals and potential employees
& students in the industry over a period of 5 years.
• To do this, FutureSkills portal uses the technology of the future, to create a space
where a learner can access content on all the skills of the future.
• A learner can seamlessly access free and paid content, assessments, virtual labs
and get certified on the skills of their choice.
PEDAGOGY
IOT-INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• This course focuses on IoT architecture layers starting from Things to Gateway
to Cloud along with data generation and analysis.
• Fundamentals of electronics(things), gateway platforms, networking
architecture and protocols, data science.