Typically, the length of the menstrual cycle differs from woman to woman but the average length

is 28 days, having as short as 23 days or as long as 35 days cycle is not unusual at all. The
average menstrual flow is 2 to 7 days with an estimated amount of 30-80 ml per menstrual
period. In contrast with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB), it is defined as prolonged, excessive,
and unpredictable bleeding that occurs between the menstrual cycle, sex, or during menopause.
However, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG), and the American
College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) prefer the patient-centered definition of
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB) as an excessive menstrual blood loss affecting 14% to 25% of
women’s reproductive age, that interferes with woman's physical, social, emotional and material
quality of life, as an indication for investigation and treatment options. As the bleeding is defined
as abnormal the PALM – COEIN is used for categorizing the causes; Polyps, Adenomyosis,
Leiomyoma, Malignancy (and hyperplasia), Coagulopathy, Ovulatory Disorder, Endometrial,
Iatrogenic, and Not otherwise classified. AUB occurs most commonly during the start and
termination of the reproductive years. 20% occurs in adolescent girls and more than 50% percent
occurs in women older than 45 years old.

Anemia is defined as a low number of red blood cells. Usually, Complete Blood Count is ordered
to measure the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Moreover, to evaluate
overall health and detect a wide range of disorders including anemia. It is reported as low
hemoglobin or hematocrit. Hemoglobin is the main protein in red blood cells. It carries oxygen
and delivers it throughout the body. If the hemoglobin level is too low tissues or organs may not
get enough oxygen. may present symptoms such as fatigue or shortness of breath which happens
when organs are not getting enough of what they need to work the way they should. Women are
at risk due to iron-deficiency anemia because of blood loss from their periods.
Women with AUB are at risk for Anemia due to blood loss that leads to a decreased number of
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. To identify AUB the 1-10-20 test must be
observed by females; 1 hour 1 sanitary pad, last more than 10 days, there have been less than 20
days between periods. Iron deficiency anemia is a common complication of AUB.
 
The group chose this study because it is relevant to know the difference between menstruation
and abnormal uterine bleeding. Therefore, women can early assess, evaluate and prevent serious
illnesses associated with AUB. This study aims to improve capabilities through assimilating the
nursing process utilized in understanding the disease process of the case. Considering the
knowledge gathered and inculcated as we started our practice in nursing; this will guide us in
formulating sufficient information and soon may apply to the actual hospital setting as we
encounter patients with the same diagnosis. This will also enhance the skills of members in
gathering essential data, effective analogy, reasoning, and critical thinking as we created and
presented this case.