5G New Radio

IN BULLETS

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 5G NR in BULLETS

1 FUNDAMENTALS...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 USE CASES...............................................................................................................................................................................9
1.2.1 Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)........................................................................................................................ 10
1.2.2 Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC)..................................................................................................... 10
1.2.3 Ultra Reliable and Low LatencyCommunications (URLLC)..................................................................................... 11
1.2.4 Vehicle to Everything (V2X).......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.3 REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................................................. 13
1.4 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE............................................................................................................................................. 15
1.4.1 REFERENCE POINT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE.................................................................................................... 16
1.4.2 SERVICE BASED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE.......................................................................................................... 17
1.4.3 NETWORK FUNCTIONS............................................................................................................................................. 19
1.5 BASE STATION ARCHITECTURES.................................................................................................................................. 30
1.5.1 STANDALONE BASE STATION..................................................................................................................................30
1.5.2 NON-STANDALONE BASE STATION............................................................................................................... 31
1.5.3 CU-DU SPLIT BASE STATION................................................................................................................................... 35
1.5.4 CP-UP SEPARATION................................................................................................................................................... 38
1.5.5 ANTENNA ARCHITECTURES........................................................................................................................... 39
1.5.6 BASE STATION CLASSES........................................................................................................................................... 42
1.6 INTERFACES..........................................................................................................................................................................43
1.6.1 Xn INTERFACE.................................................................................................................................................. 43
1.6.2 Fl INTERFACE.................................................................................................................................................. 46
1.6.3 El INTERFACE.................................................................................................................................................. 49
1.6.4 NG INTERFACE................................................................................................................................................. 51
1.6.5 X2 INTERFACE.................................................................................................................................................. 55
1.7 PROTOCOL STACKS............................................................................................................................................................ 56
1.7.1 USER PLANE................................................................................................................................................................. 56
1.7.2 CONTROL PLANE.........................................................................................................................................................58
1.8 RRC STATES..........................................................................................................................................................................61
1.8.1 RRC IDLE...........................................................................................................................................................62
1.8.2 RRC CONNECTED....................................................................................................................................................... 63
1.8.3 RRC INACTIVE..............................................................................................................................................................64
1.9 REGISTRATION MANAGEMENT.................................................................................................................................... 67
1.10 CONNECTION MANAGEMENT...................................................................................................................................... 68
1.11 ACCESS CONTROL............................................................................................................................................................. 69
1.12 SIGNALLING RADIO BEARERS...................................................................................................................................... 71
1.13 PDU SESSIONS..................................................................................................................................................................... 73
1.14 QUALITY OF SERVICE...................................................................................................................................................... 76
1.15 NETWORK SLICING.......................................................................................................................................................... 79
1.16 EDGE COMPUTING............................................................................................................................................................ 81
1.17 MICOMODE ......................................................................................................................................................................... 82
1.18 UE CAPABILITIES...............................................................................................................................................................82
1.19 SPECTRUM............................................................................................................................................................................ 84
1.19.1 DUPLEX MODES.....................................................................................................................................................85
1.19.2 OPERA TING BANDS...............................................................................................................................................86
1.19.3 BAND COMBINA TIONS......................................................................................................................................... 89
1.19.4 MILLIMETER WAVE PROPAGATION..................................................................................................................90
1.20 MIMO......................................................................................................................................................................................92
1.21 BEAMFORMING.................................................................................................................................................................. 95
1.22 3GPP SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................................................... 101
2 AIR INTERFACE..................................................................................................................................................................... 102
2.1 NUMEROLOGY................................................................................................................................................................... 102
2.2 RADIO FRAMES AND SLOTS.......................................................................................................................................... 106
2.3 RESOURCE BLOCKS AND BANDWIDTH PARTS..................................................................................................... 113
2.3.1 COMMON RESOURCE BLOCKS........................................................................................................................... 113
2.3.2 BANDWIDTH PARTS.................................................................................................................................................. 116
2.3.3 PHYSICAL RESOURCE BLOCKS.............................................................................................................................118

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2.3.4 VIRTUAL RESOURCE BLOCKS............................................................................................................................... 118

2.4 CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS............................................................................................................................................... 119
2.5 FREQUENCY RASTER...................................................................................................................................................... 121
2.5.1 CHANNEL RASTER.................................................................................................................................................... 121
2.5.2 SYNCHRONISATION RASTER.................................................................................................................................. 123
2.6 ANTENNA PORTS AND QUASI CO-LOCATION........................................................................................................ 127
2.7 MODULATION.................................................................................................................................................................... 130
2.8 CYCLIC PREFIX.................................................................................................................................................................. 132
2.9 WAVEFORM....................................................................................................................................................................... 135
2.9.1 CP-OFDM.................................................................................................................................................................... 136
2.9.2 DFT-S-OFDM............................................................................................................................................................. 139
2.10 TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER CHAIN................................................................................................................... 140
3 DOWNLINK SIGNALS AND CHANNELS....................................................................................................................... 141
3.1 DOWNLINK CHANNEL MAPPINGS.............................................................................................................................. 141
3.2 SYNCHRONISATION SIGNALS..................................................................................................................................... 142
3.3 PHYSICAL BROADCAST CHANNEL.............................................................................................................................144
3.4 SS/PBCH BLOCKS AND BURSTS................................................................................................................................... 146
3.5 PHYSICAL DOWNLINK CONTROL CHANNEL......................................................................................................... 151
3.5.1 CONTROL RESOURCE SET (CORESET)................................................................................................................ 154
3.5.2 SEARCH SPACE SETS.............................................................................................................................................. 157
3.5.3 SEARCH SPACE SET (SIB 1)..................................................................................................................................... 161
3.5.4 DCI FORMAT 0_0...................................................................................................................................................... 168
3.5.5 DCI FORMA TOJ...................................................................................................................................................... 169
3.5.6 DCI FORMAT 10...................................................................................................................................................... 173
3.5.7 DCI FORMA T 11...................................................................................................................................................... 175
3.5.8 DCI FORMAT 2_0...................................................................................................................................................... 179
3.5.9 DCI FORMAT 2J...................................................................................................................................................... 180
3.5.10 DCIFORMAT2J ....................................................................................................................................................... 180
3.5.11 DCI FORMAT 2J....................................................................................................................................................... 181
3.6 PHYSICAL DOWNLINK SHARED CHANNEL.............................................................................................................182
3.6.1 MODULATION AND CODING SCHEME.............................................................................................................. 186
3.6.2 TRANSPORT BLOCK SIZE........................................................................................................................................187
3.6.3 PHYSICAL LAYER PROCESSING........................................................................................................................... 190
3.6.4 RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS..................................................................................................................................... 198
3.6.5 RESOURCE BLOCK BUNDLING............................................................................................................................ 205
3.6.6 PRE-EMPTION........................................................................................................................................................... 207
3.6.7 RESER FED RESOURCES......................................................................................................................................... 209
3.6.8 REPETITION............................................................................................................................................................... 212
3.7 REFERENCE SIGNALS..................................................................................................................................................... 213
3.7.1 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PBCH........................................................................................ 213
3.7.2 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PDCCH.....................................................................................214
3.7.3 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PDSCH..................................................................................... 214
3.7.4 CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION REFERENCE SIGNAL................................................................................. 220
3.7.5 TRACKING REFERENCE SIGNAL.......................................................................................................................... 233
3.7.6 PHASE TRA CKING REFERENCE SIGNAL........................................................................................................... 234
4 DOWNLINK TRANSMISSION SCHEMES..................................................................................................................... 239
4.1 PBCH.................................................................................................................................................................................... 239
4.2 PDCCH................................................................................................................................................................................. 239
4.3 PDSCH.................................................................................................................................................................................. 241
4.3.1 OPEN LOOP MIMO.................................................................................................................................................. 242
4.3.2 SEMI-OPEN LOOP MIMO....................................................................................................................................... 243
4.3.3 CLOSED LOOP MIMO.............................................................................................................................................. 244
4.3.4 MULTI-USER MIMO.................................................................................................................................................245
4.3.5 RECIPROCITY BASED............................................................................................................................................. 246
4.3.6 MULTIPLE TRP......................................................................................................................................................... 247

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5 FLOW OF DOWNLINK DATA............................................................................................................................................248

5.1 SDAP LAYER....................................................................................................................................................................... 253
5.2 PDCP LAYER....................................................................................................................................................................... 254
5.3 RLC LAYER......................................................................................................................................................................... 257
5.3.1 TRANSPARENT MODE.............................................................................................................................................. 258
5.3.2 UNACKNOWLEDGED MODE.................................................................................................................................. 259
5.3.3 A CKNO WLEDGED MODE....................................................................................................................................... 260
5.4 MAC LAYER........................................................................................................................................................................ 263
6 SYSTEM INFORMATION.................................................................................................................................................... 265
6.1 MASTER INFORMATION BLOCK.................................................................................................................................. 266
6.2 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 1............................................................................................................................... 269
6.3 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 2...............................................................................................................................277
6.4 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 3...............................................................................................................................280
6.5 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 4...............................................................................................................................281
6.6 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 5............................................................................................................................... 284
6.7 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 6............................................................................................................................... 285
6.8 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 7............................................................................................................................... 286
6.9 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 8............................................................................................................................... 286
6.10 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 9............................................................................................................................. 287
7 UPLINK SIGNALS AND CHANNELS................................................................................................................................ 288
7.1 UPLINK CHANNEL MAPPINGS...................................................................................................................................... 288
7.2 PHYSICAL RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL................................................................................................................ 289
7.2.1 BA CKGROUND.......................................................................................................................................................... 289
7.2.2 PRACH GENERATION.............................................................................................................................................. 293
7.2.3 LONG SEQUENCE PRACH FORMATS.................................................................................................................. 296
7.2.4 SHORT SEQUENCE PRACHFORMATS................................................................................................................ 301
7.3 PHYSICAL UPLINK CONTROL CHANNEL.................................................................................................................. 308
7.3.1 PUCCH FORMAT 0.................................................................................................................................................... 313
7.3.2 PUCCH FORMAT 1....................................................................................................................................................315
7.3.3 PUCCH FORMAT 2.................................................................................................................................................... 319
7.3.4 PUCCH FORMAT 3....................................................................................................................................................321
7.3.5 PUCCH FORMA T 4....................................................................................................................................................324
7.3.6 PUCCH REPETITION................................................................................................................................................326
7.4 PHYSICAL UPLINK SHARED CHANNEL..................................................................................................................... 327
7.4.1 MODULATION AND CODING SCHEME............................................................................................................... 330
7.4.2 TRANSPOR T BLOCK SIZE........................................................................................................................................ 332
7.4.3 PHYSICAL LA YER PROCESSING............................................................................................................................ 333
7.4.4 RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS.....................................................................................................................................339
7.5 UPLINK REFERENCE SIGNALS..................................................................................................................................... 351
7.5.1 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PUSCH..................................................................................... 351
7.5.2 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PUCCH.................................................................................... 357
7.5.3 SOUNDING REFERENCE SIGNAL......................................................................................................................... 358
7.5.4 PHASE TRACKING REFERENCE SIGNAL............................................................................................................ 369
8 UPLINK TRANSMISSION SCHEMES...............................................................................................................................374
8.1 CODEBOOK BASED TRANSMISSION.......................................................................................................................... 374
8.2 NON-CODEBOOK BASED TRANSMISSION............................................................................................................... 380
9 BEAM MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................................................................ 382
9.1 INITIAL ACQUISITION..................................................................................................................................................... 383
9.2 DOWNLINK BEAM REFINEMENT................................................................................................................................. 384
9.3 UPLINK BEAM REFINEMENT........................................................................................................................................ 386
9.4 MOBILITY........................................................................................................................................................................... 386
9.5 PMI BEAM SELECTION.................................................................................................................................................... 388
9.6 BEAM FAILURE & RECOVERY...................................................................................................................................... 388

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10 UE MEASUREMENTS............................................................................................................................................................ 389
10.1 SS-RSRP............................................................................................................................................................................... 389
10.2 SS-RSRQ.............................................................................................................................................................................. 391
10.3 SS-SINR................................................................................................................................................................................ 393
10.4 CSI-RSRP.............................................................................................................................................................................393
10.5 CSI-RSRQ............................................................................................................................................................................. 394
10.6 CSI-SINR............................................................................................................................................................................. 394
10.7 SFN AND FRAME TIMING DIFFERENCE................................................................................................................... 394
10.8 OTHER MEASUREMENTS............................................................................................................................................. 395
11 MEASUREMENT REPORTING..........................................................................................................................................396
11.1 CELL LEVEL RESULTS................................................................................................................................................... 400
11.2 LAYER 3 FILTERING....................................................................................................................................................... 401
11.3 EVENTAI........................................................................................................................................................................... 402
11.4 EVENT A2........................................................................................................................................................................... 402
11.5 EVENT A3............................................................................................................................................................................403
11.6 EVENT A4................................................................................................................................ 403
11.7 EVENT A5........................................................................................................................................................................... 404
11.8 EVENT A6........................................................................................................................................................................... 404
11.9 EVENT Bl........................................................................................................................................................................... 405
11.10 EVENT B2......................................................................................................................................................................... 405
12 IDLE MODE PROCEDURES................................................................................................................................................ 406
12.1 PLMN SELECTION............................................................................................................................................................406
12.2 CELL SELECTION............................................................................................................................................................ 407
12.3 CELL RESELECTION....................................................................................................................................................... 409
12.3.1 ABSOLUTE PRIORITIES...................................................................................................................................... 409
12.3.2 TRIGGERING MEASUREMENTS........................................................................................................................410
12.3.3 MOBILITY STATES................................................................................................................................................ 411
12.3.4 RESELECTION...................................................................................................................................................... 412
12.4 PAGING................................................................................................................................................................................415
12.4.1 PROCEDURE......................................................................................................................................................... 415
12.4.2 OCCASIONS............................................................................................................................................................ 419
13 PHYSICAL AND MAC LAYER PROCEDURES.............................................................................................................423
13.1 RANDOM ACCESS............................................................................................................................................................ 423
13.1.1 CONTENTION BASED..........................................................................................................................................425
13.1.2 CONTENTION FREE............................................................................................................................................. 437
13.1.3 PRIORITISED RANDOM ACCESS...................................................................................................................... 439
13.2 TIMING ADVANCE.......................................................................................................................................................... 440
13.3 UPLINK POWER CONTROL........................................................................................................................................... 443
13.3.1 PUSCH.................................................................................................................................................................... 443
13.3.2 PUCCH.................................................................................................................................................................... 449
13.3.3 SRS........................................................................................................................................................................... 453
13.3.4 UE PO WER CLASS................................................................................................................................................454
13.3.5 MUL TIPLE UPLINK CARRIERS........................................................................................................................ 456
13.4 DOWNLINK POWER CONTROL.................................................................................................................................. 457
13.5 HARQ.................................................................................................................................................................................. 459
13.5.1 DOWNLINK HARQ...............................................................................................................................................460
13.5.2 UPLINK HARQ......................................................................................................................................................469
13.6 CHANNEL STATE REPORTING.................................................................................................................................. 471
13.6.1 CHANNEL QUALITY INDICATOR.................................................................................................................... 475
13.6.2 RANK INDICATOR...............................................................................................................................................477
13.6.3 PRECODING MATRIX INDICATOR.................................................................................................................. 478
13.6.4 LA YER INDICA TOR............................................................................................................................................. 490
13.6.5 SSBRI, CRI AND Ll-RSRP................................................................................................................................... 491
13.7 UPLINK RESOURCE REQUEST....................................................................................................................................493
13.7.1 SCHEDULING REQUEST................................................................................................................................... 493

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13.7.2 BUFFER STATUS REPORTING..........................................................................................................................496

13.8 POWER HEADROOM REPORTING.............................................................................................................................. 499
13.9 RADIO LINK MONITORING........................................................................................................................................... 502
13.9.1 BEAM FAILURE..........................................................................................................................................503
13.9.2 RADIO LINK FAILURE....................................................................................................................................... 505
13.10 DISCONTINUOUS RECEPTION................................................................................................................................... 508
14 VOICE SERVICES.................................................................................................................................................................. 511
14.1 VOICE OVER NEW RADIO.............................................................................................................................................. 512
14.2 EPS FALLBACK................................................................................................................................................................. 520
14.3 RAT FALLBACK................................................................................................................................................................ 521
15 SIGNALLING PROCEDURES..............................................................................................................................................522
15.1 LTE RRC IDLE MODE.......................................................................................................................................................522
15.2 EN-DC SECONDARY CELL ADDITION....................................................................................................................... 526
15.3 RRC CONNECTION SETUP............................................................................................................................................ 536
15.4 INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP............................................................................................................................................. 541
15.5 XN BASED HANDOVER................................................................................................................................................... 544
15.6 RRC CONNECTION RELEASE....................................................................................................................................... 547
16 RADIO NETWORK PLANNING......................................................................................................................................... 549
16.1 OPERATING BAND........................................................................................................................................................... 549
16.2 NR-ARFCN & GSCN......................................................................................................................................................... 549
16.3 SLOT FORMAT.................................................................................................................................................................. 550
16.4 ANTENNA SOLUTION..................................................................................................................................................... 553
16.5 DOWNLINK TRANSMIT POWER.................................................................................................................................. 555
16.6 PCI ALLOCATION............................................................................................................................................................ 555
16.7 CYCLIC PREFIX................................................................................................................................................................. 557
16.8 CSI REFERENCE SIGNAL................................................................................................................................................557
16.9 PHASE TRACKING REFERENCE SIGNAL..................................................................................................................558
16.10 PRACH PLANNING........................................................................................................................................................ 559
16.10.1 PRA CH FORMA T.................................................................................................................................................. 559
16.10.2 PRACH CONFIGURATION INDEX................................................................................................................... 560
16.10.3 ZERO CORRELATION ZONE..................................................................................................................... 561
16.10.4 HIGH SPEED FLA G............................................................................................................................................. 562
16.10.5 ROOT SEQUENCE INDEX......................................................................................................................... 562
16.10.6 PRACHFREQUENCY OFFSET.......................................................................................................................... 564
16.11 NEIGHBOUR PLANNING.............................................................................................................................................. 565
16.12 CELL & BTS IDENTITY PLANNING.......................................................................................................................... 566
16.13 RAN NOTIFICATION AREA PLANNING................................................................................................................... 567
16.14 TRACKING AREA PLANNING..................................................................................................................................... 568
16.15 THROUGHPUT EXPECTATIONS................................................................................................................................. 569
16.15.1 DOWNLINK............................................................................................................................................................ 570
16.15.2 UPLINK................................................................................................................................................................... 571
17 DYNAMIC SPECTRUM SHARING.................................................................................................................................... 574
18 UE IDENTITIES....................................................................................................................................................................... 578
18.1 IMSI....................................................................................................................................................................................... 578
18.2 IMEI...................................................................................................................................................................................... 578
18.3 SUPI&SUCI........................................................................................................................................................................579
18.4 5G-GUTI............................................................................................................................................................................... 579
18.5 5G-S-TMSI............................................................................................................................................................................ 580
18.6 RNTI..................................................................................................................................................................................... 580
18.7 I-RNTI................................................................................................................................................................................... 581
19 ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................................................................................... 582
20 INDEX.........................................................................................................................................................................................586