CHAPTER 2:

DRILLING

WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY (DJJ1043)

By: MOHD SHAHRIL FAHMI BIN MOHD ZAINI

2.1 Differentiate Between

The Drilling Machine
&
Drill Bit

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DRILLING MACHINE
Bench drill
Used for drilling holes through materials
including a range of woods, plastics and
metals
It is normally bolted to a bench so that it
cannot be pushed over and that larger
pieces of material can be drilled safely

Pillar drill
This has a long column which stands on the
floor
This can do exactly the same work as the
bench drill but because of its larger size it is
capable of being used to drill larger pieces
of materials and produce larger holes

o Cutting edges at its point

o Cutting tool is held in the drill press by a chuck or Morse taper and is rotated
and fed into the work at variable speeds.
o They can perform countersinking, boring, counter boring, spot facing,
reaming, and tapping

The size or capacity of the drilling machine

is usually determined by the largest piece of
stock that can be center-drilled

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 Head
Drill press is composed of the
Sleeve / Quill
sleeve, spindle, electric motor Column
• Slide in its bearing in a
& feed mechanism • Drill presses is circular &
direction parallel to its axis
built rugged & solid
• When the sleeve carrying
• The column supports the
the spindle with a cutting
head & the sleeve assembly
tool is lowered, the cutting
tool is fed into the work &
when it is moved upward,
Worktable
the cutting tool is
• Supported on an arm mounted
withdrawn from the work
to the column.
• The worktable can be adjusted
vertically to accommodate
Spindle
different heights of work &
• Holds the drill or cutting
tilted up to 90° in either
tools & revolves in a fixed
direction
position in a sleeve
• In most drilling machines,
the spindle is vertical & the
Base
work is supported on a
Supports the entire machine &
horizontal table
when bolted to the floor,
provides for vibration-free
operation and best machining
accuracy

DRILL BIT
Cutting tools used to remove material to create holes,
almost always of circular cross-section

Drill bits come in many sizes and shape and can create
different kinds of holes in many different materials

To create holes drill bits are attached to a drill, which

powers them to cut through the work piece, typically by
rotation

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 2.1.1: TWIST DRILL

Designed to make round holes quickly

and accurately in all materials

Have helical flutes or grooves that

wind around the body from the point
to the neck of the drill & appear to be
twisted

Simply constructed but designed very

tough to withstand the high torque of
turning, the downward pressure on
the drill & the high heat generated by
friction

1. POINT
The point is the cone shaped end and
it does the cutting. It consists of the
following:
A. Dead center: It is the sharp edge at
the extreme tip of the drill. This
should always be the exact center
of the drill.
B. Lips: these are the cutting edges of
the drill.
C. Heel: It is the portion of the point
back from the cutting edge.

3. BODY
A. Flutes: Two or more spiral grooves that run
the length of the drill body
B. Margin: It is the narrow strip extending
back the entire length of the flute. It is the
full diameter of the drill.
C. Body Clearance: It is the part of the drill
body that has been reduced in order to cut
down friction between the drill and the
wall of the hole.
2. SHANK
Straight shank drills are used with a
chuck. Tapered shank drills have self-
holding tapes that fit directly into the
drill press spindle. On the taper shank
is the another term is used which is
called tang. This fits into a slot in the
spindles sleeve.

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 Drill Bit Sizes

Determine the drill bit size: Drill bit gauge or using measurement tools

If angle of bit tip is not accurate : produce sound, heat, diameter effect
& drill bit may break

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2.1.6 Types of coolants, function and their advantages