TACLOBAN ORMOC MANDAUE

On this session you are

expected to:
• Learn more about the computer
• The Major parts and components of a
computer system
• The internal and external hardware of a
computer.
• Secondary storage devices.
INTRODUCTION
TO
COMPUTER
What is a COMPUTER?

• is the Central Processing Unit (also

known as CPU) that execute programs
or tasks.
• COMPUTER SYSTEM
– is a set of integrated devices that input, output,
process, and store data and information through
Computer program/software.
• PROGRAM
– is a list of instructions predetermined to be
followed by a computer which is designed to
carry out instruction written in a simple language
called MACHINE LANGUAGE.
• MACHINE LANGUAGE
– is a collection of binary digits or bits that the
computer reads and interprets.
• DATA
– Is consist of individual facts or bits of
information.
• BINARY NUMBER
– is made up of just two possible digits which is
the Zero (0) and One (1).
 There are 4 Major parts of a
computer system:
1. HARDWARE
2. SOFTWARE
3. PEOPLE/USER
4. DATA
USER DATA

COMPUTER

SOFTWARE HARDWARE
• HARDWARE
– Is the TANGIBLE part of a
computer system, it can be an
EXTERNAL or INTERNAL
hardware.
• INTERNAL HARDWARE
• Are devices that make up the
computer and ensure that it is
functional.
Example:
1) Motherboard 3) CMOS 5) SSD
2) RAM 4) HDD 6) CPU
 • EXTERNAL HARDWARE
– Are devices that can be seen outside
the system unit also called as
“PERIPHERALS”
Example:
1) MONITOR 4) WEBCAM
2) KEYBOARD 5) PRINTER
3) MOUSE
BASIC HARDWARE OF A
COMPUTER SYSTEM:
• CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
• MEMORY UNIT
• INPUT DEVICES
• OUTPUT DEVICES
• SECONDARY STORAGE
DEVICES
• CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT
– It is the brain of the computer.
– It directs and controls the entire
computer system and performs all
arithmetic and logical operations.
• MEMORY UNIT
– is an hardware where the programs
and data are stored.
• Two (2) types of Memory unit:
– Read Only Memory (ROM)
– Random Access Memory (RAM)
• READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
– contains the pre-programmed
computer instructions such as the
Basic Input Output System (BIOS).
– This memory holds the DATA
permanently even if you turned of the
power but you can manually delete the
data anytime.
• RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
– is used to store the programs and data
that you will run and Exists only when
there is power.
– It stores the data temporarily.
 INPUT DEVICES
• It translate the user’s instruction to a
machine language in order for the
processor understands the instruction that
was inputted.
• The following are:
– Keyboard- Webcam - Scanner
– Mouse - Touch-Screen
– Joystick - Microphone
 OUTPUT DEVICES
• Devices that is used by the computer in
displaying its response of our inputted
instruction.
– For example:
• Monitor
• Audio Speaker
• Projector
• Printer
 SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES:

• Are external memory unit that is attached to a

computer system to allow user to store data
permanently for the purpose of back-up and retrieving
them for future use.
– For example:
• Floppy disk
• External Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• External Solid State Drive (SSD)
• CD Rom (Compact Disc)
• Flashdrive
• Flash Memory Card
 FLOPPY DISK

• The most common secondary storage device

during the 3rd and 4th generation of computers.
• 3.5’ in size, and it can store up to 1.44mb
 HIGH CAPACITY FLOPPY DISK

• Floppy Disk cartridges

• 3.5 inches in diameter
• Stores data up-to 250mb
• It is also known as Zip Disk
 HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)

• Made of rigid materials unlike floppy disks

• Can store data up-to Terabyte
• Most commonly used for storing large data/files
up until now
 SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD)

• is a solid-state storage device that uses

integrated circuit assemblies to store data
persistently, typically using flash memory.
• Can store up to Gigabyte of data.
 OPTICAL DISK or COMPACT DISK

• A standard part of modern desktop machines,

especially used for multimedia purposes and
preferred in loading applications.
 FLASH DRIVE
and
FLASH MEMORY CARD
• Flash memory card and Flash drive’s
maximum capacity is 2 Terabyte.
• These two are the most convenient Secondary
Storage devices.