BATASAN HILLS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

The way parents raise their children can influence their child's behavior. A wide variety of

factors determine a child's physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual health, including

parenting.

Most parents have the mindset of nurturing their children in the best way so their offspring

can grow as mature and responsible individuals. Parents are a critical part of a child's life and

growth. The type of environment and way of nurturing their child plays a role in their identity

when they grow up as a person. In reality, not all parents know what is righteous for their children

and exercise unconventional methods to achieve their best perceptions of what is right.

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A child's perception of a parenting style should be one of the factors considered to view the
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effects of a particular parenting style. With this one present factor, we can contribute a better I
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understanding of what might be the effects and possible outcomes of the various parenting styles. R

The opinion of the parent and child about the used parenting may differ, making the opinion of H
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both sides important in understanding the topic for fair and unbiased findings. G
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As there are no perfect individuals, parents can make detrimental mistakes that greatly O
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influence their children. Each parent has a varied way of maintaining a child's discipline. One can L

do more harm than good. In this study, our research team will dig deeper and identify the factors

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that can affect a particular parenting style and find the effect of what these factors have on a child.

This research will also orient and give knowledge to parents that struggle to deal with their child's

behavior.

Statement of the Problem

This research aims to give knowledge about the different parenting styles and their effects

as perceived by the students. Moreover, the following questions will be answered as the research

goes through:

1. What parenting style did you experience?

2. What are the effects of the parenting style you have experienced?

3. How do these students cope with the parenting style they have experienced?

Hypothesis of the Study S

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As the study goes on, the researchers hypothesize that: I
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Ho: Different parenting styles express no different effects on the child. It only depends
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on the people around them I
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Ha: Different parenting styles have different effects on the child's behavior and
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development. Permissive parents cause the children to be more carefree and less aware C
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of their behavior. Authoritative parents show that their children are well disciplined O
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and independent.

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Significance of the Study

This research aims to provide vast knowledge and crucial information regarding parenting,

as it plays such an essential part in our society today. And the result of this study will benefit both

parents and children, as well as the factors that may affect the child’s development positively or

negatively. Also, it aims to ensure that parenting styles are still beneficial nowadays and have an

impact on their children through the way they discipline. This will leave them with an impression

as they grow and become independent. In addition, the study shows the past-life experience of a

parent and how they pass it on to their children, which may help future parents to stop the stigma

that will affect them as children and on to the next generations.

Scope and Delimnination

Title: Factors influencing parenting style and its effect as perceived by the children:

students of STEM at Batasan Hills Senior High School

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This research looks at the elements that determine how parents raise their children and how E
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it affects the children's self-perception. The significance of the study aims to give parents an
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overview or understanding of how their parenting affects their children. Also, to see if raising
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children in similar or different ways has the same or different consequences. This survey also I
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helps to collect the opinions of both parents and children on how they will deal with the situation H

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now that they are aware of the potential consequences, which can help a lot of parents and children C
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with how they will foresee the future once they use that kind of parenting style. Some ideas and O
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factors influence the way parents to raise their children, which can be discovered by looking at L

and reading the answers of the respondents.

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This study is a correlation of factors influencing parenting style and its effect as perceived

by the children. The researchers agreed to choose only the parents of the STEM students of

Batasan Hills National High School to participate in this study to have a thorough and focused

study that will bring the best outcome that this study could. The students were in the eleventh and

twelfth grades from the Batasan Hills Senior High School.

The survey is conducted with minimum resources, stating simply facts without invading

respondents' privacy, and within a set time window.

Definition of Terms

1. Children- This refers to Grade 11 students who took the STEM strand at Batasan Hills National

High School

2. Perception- a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem.

(Cambridge Dictionary. 2022, March 23) This study will determine the perceived effect of STEM
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students at Batasan Hills National High School on the factors influencing parenting style. E
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3. Parenting style- Parenting style refers to met paparents’ethods for their r children. O
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4. Permissive parents- Permissive parents are likely to adopt a friendship role with their children H
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instead of a parenting role G
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section of the paper will thoroughly discuss proofs and evidence by showing related literature

and studies. Furthermore, the theoretical and conceptual framework will also be discussed.

Parenting Styles

A review study by Danielle Ochoa and Beatriz Torre on Parenting in the Philippines, (2004-

2014). In recent years, a substantial number of studies on parenting in the Philippines have

focused on parenting characteristics and Parenting styles. In particular, researchers have sought

to examine the influence of various parenting characteristics and/or styles on outcomes such as

children's social adjustment, emotional intelligence, academic goal orientation, and identity

(Bernardo & Ujano- Batangan, 2007; Pesigan et al., 2014). S

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We all know that parents play a crucial part in their children's growth, and each parent has I
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their parenting style for nurturing their children. Parenting style is assumed to influence the R

emotional and social atmosphere in which parents and children interact, as well as the family's H
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overall quality of life. According to Baumrind 1971; Darling & Steinberg 1993, Parenting style G
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is conceptualized as a constellation of attitudes or a pattern of parental authority towards the child S
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which are conveyed to the child, creating the emotional context for the expression of parent H
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behavior. Parenting style differs from parenting practice in that it characterizes parent-child O
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interaction across settings and situations, whereas parenting practices are specific to particular

situations and domains.

Based on the studies conducted by Mindanao Times regarding Issues in Filipino parenting

they state that one of the studies about parenting that is commonly used here in the Philippines is

parenting styles. Research also showed that there are two elements regarding parenting, the first

one is directiveness or defined as controlling, and the other one is responsiveness which talks

about nurturance. Studies showed that the majority of parenting styles used in the Philippines had

a permissive style with the mothers being more consistent than their spouses. Parenting styles

differ when it comes to gender, whether the parents or the children's gender. Based on research,

daughters are reported to have stricter parents compared to sons that have more permissive parents

(Hock et al. 2016, 111). In return, authoritative styles perceived by the children characterizes

warm feelings as their parents give generous praises and rewards like hugs, and the nurturing and

discipline they received. Permissive styles, on the other hand, seemed to be beneficial to the

children in their late adolescence and was reported that parents with this style tend to be more
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protective against a daughter's depressive symptoms. E
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Based on the given evidence and research, many factors can influence parenting. An O
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example of these factors is the way the parents were raised, treated, and by their parents, and the
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type of environment they are in. I
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Whether it's in a good way or not, the parents then apply this knowledge and experience to
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their child. An example is if a parent that was raised in an authoritative household, may apply the H
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thing they have experienced to their children once they become a parent. O
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The use of parenting styles is one of the most crucial things we need that help our

development as a person. As indicated in the previous part of this literature review, it is stated the

factors influencing parenting styles and their effects and the way it is perceived by their children

varies from person to person. In this literature, permissive parents tend to be the most common

type of parenting style used here in the Philippines. And it shows that women have a much more

consistent attitude when it comes to nurturing compared to that of the fathers.

Factors influencing parenting style:

Parenting styles may be characterized by the parent's behaviors and how they interact with

their children. Develop an effective engagement environment for children in a variety of

situations. According to SungHee Nam, JongSerl Chun,(2014) Parenting style is one of the most

important aspects of a child's development, especially for children who are experiencing or at risk

of experiencing developmental issues. On the other hand, Zahed Zahedani, Zahra et al. (2016)

believes that Children's future career depends on factors of parenting styles. Parents are the ones S
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who will guide them, and mutual understanding and close relationships are important to N
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familiarize the child on their professional path. Additionally, SungHee Nam, JongSerl O
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Chun,(2014) stated Academic achievement and professional path are also important factors that H
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affect parenting style. Thus, Vafaeenejad Z, Elyasi F, Moosazadeh M, Shahhosseini Z. (2019) G
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finds that psychology also affects the parenting style. To identify the needs for -oriented care and
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take measures toward the development of parenting abilities, it is advised that an evaluation of H
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parent-child psychological state be included in family programs. O
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Effects of parents' parenting on their children:

According to the book "Parenting and Family Diversity Issues," the three main factors that

have a significant impact on a parent's parenting style are the parents' experience, their child's

behavior, and other parents, like how they differ from them as an individual. There are a lot of

things parents need to consider before having a parenting style they will apply to their child. One

of them is their own experience of parenting when they were kids. The parenting style used on

them will either be replicated in the next generation or avoided in their children due to the negative

experiences they have had with that type of discipline, it is also said in the book that parenting

can affect children and vice versa. The child’s behavior could be a basis for how a parent acts and

controls their child to successfully discipline them. Aside from the child’s characteristics and

behavior, and the parents themselves, the people around them or the situation they’re in will have

a contribution to the parenting style of a parent.

Parents’ parenting plays an important part in influencing their children's futures. According S
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to Zaman (2014), the idea of a child's behavior is ultimately determined by their parenting style. N
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According to the book "Parenting and Family Diversity Issues," the three main factors that have O
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a significant impact on a parent's parenting style are the parents' experience, their child's behavior, H
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and other parents, like how they differ from them as an individual. There are a lot of things parents G
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need to consider before having a parenting style they will apply to their child. One of them is their
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own experience of parenting when they were kids. The parenting style used on them will either H
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be replicated in the next generation or avoided in their children due to the negative experiences O
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they have had with that type of discipline, it is also said in the book that parenting can affect

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children and vice versa. The child’s behavior could be a basis for how a parent acts and controls

their child to successfully discipline them. Aside from the child’s characteristics and behavior,

and the parents themselves, the people around them or the situation they’re in will have a

contribution to the parenting style of a parent. Thus, according to Sarwar (2016), authoritarian

parenting styles cause children to become rebellious and engage in problematic activities as a

result of parents having more power over them than is necessary. On the other hand, Carroll

(2021) argues that positive discipline parenting workshops can help parents change their

parenting styles and have a positive influence on their children. In addition, Sarwar (2016) points

out that parents who spend the most time with their children minimize the likelihood of their

children acquiring delinquent conduct. (foreign studies)

Many people think that women are more capable of taking care of children than men. This

is because women can express their feelings better than most men. Mothers also spend more time

with their children in general than their fathers, and they also spend more time taking care of their

children and are more likely to be overprotective of their children. Fathers usually have to work
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for their families and are more likely overprotective of their daughters than of their sons. Gender E
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roles are beliefs about how individual, familial, community and societal roles are defined by I
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gender (Slavkin & Stright, 2000). Because of traditional gender roles, children are more close to R

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their mother than their father, in which the male is the breadwinner and the female is in charge of I
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childcare and housekeeping. Due to this difference in traditional gender roles, the way a parent H

raises their children is different from their partner. That's why the way their parents raise them S
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affects the way the children think. Children in traditional families will be used to the thinking that
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they have their gender roles wherein as a man they need to work for their family, and as a woman, L

they need to take care of their children and be good at housekeeping.

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Theoretical Framework

According to attachment theory's founders, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth (1950), there

are three sorts of attachment styles between children and their parents. Secure attachment is one

of them. The parents treat their children in this attachment style in a loving, caring, and soothing

manner, and the child will feel comfortable and have the reassurance to seek solace anytime they

are distressed. The avoidant attachment style is the second type of attachment. The parents'

treatment of their child is insensitive and entirely overlooks the child in this type of connection.

As a result, the child would avoid the parents and hide the unhappiness they feel to prevent

annoyance and belittlement from the parents. Ambivalent or resistant attachment is the last type

of attachment. In this instance, the parent's activities are unpredictable and inconsistent, and the

child will exaggerate everything they need to obtain the parents' attention.

The Baumrind theory, which was developed by Diana Baumrind (1971), discusses several

forms of parenting and how they affect children's behavior. These styles differ in their qualities S
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and effects on children. The Authoritarian: This type occurs when parents exert control over the N
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child, refuse to provide the child with what they require, and refuse to listen to the child's opinions. O
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This type of parenting damages a child's trust and the child does not want to make friends. Then H
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there's authoritative. This parenting style is similar to authoritarian, except that parents provide G
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the items that are needed by the child and want to hear his or her thoughts. In response, the
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children raised in this manner have a good sense of self-esteem and are self-sufficient. Permissive H
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parenting is the last style. This is the style of parenting in which your parent gives you whatever O
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you want and allows you to do anything you want, yet this type of parenting might cause the child

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to become frustrated and believe that his or her behavior is beneficial to everyone. All of these

types have various effects on children and can influence their character or behavior.

Conceptual Framework

Input

-Parents' parenting styles and their impact on their children's conduct.

-Variables that influence a child's physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual wellbeing.

-Information regarding various parenting methods and their impacts as viewed by students.

Process

-Data analysis via questionnaire, informal interviews, and statistical treatment.

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Output R

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-It provides parents with an overview of how their parenting affects their children. I
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-See if parenting children in the same or different methods affect their health, education,
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and physical and emotional development. H
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Based on the figure shown above, the inputs are related to the factors that influence

parenting. To produce an answer/outcome from the contents in the input, we made the process

in the form of a questionnaire, interviews, and also via statistical treatment, we will sort the

similarities in answers of each participant in these activities so that we can provide an output

overview on how parenting affects children including the difference in effects of the methods

used to develop the child's physical, mental, and emotional health.

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