NDUM PACELIS CHING-POH

SS2B

MID TERM BREAK ASSIGNMENT

FOREST MANAGEMENT

Forest management is a branch of forestry concerned with overall administrative, legal,

economic, and social aspects, as well as scientific and technical aspects, such as silviculture,
protection, and forest regulation. This includes management for timber, aesthetics, recreation,
urban values, water, wildlife, inland and nearshore fisheries, wood products, plant genetic
resources, and other forest resource values.[1] Management objectives can be for conservation,
utilisation, or a mixture of the two. Techniques include timber extraction, planting and replanting
of different species, building and maintenance of roads and pathways through forests, and
preventing fire.

The forest is a natural system that can supply different products and services. Forests supply
water, mitigate climate change, provide habitats for wildlife including many pollinators which
are essential for sustainable food production, provide timber and fuelwood, serve as a source of
non-wood forest products including food and medicine, and contribute to rural livelihoods.[2]

The working of this system is influenced by the natural environment: climate, topography, soil,
etc., and also by human activity. The actions of humans in forests constitute forest management.
In developed societies, this management tends to be elaborated and planned in order to achieve
the objectives that are considered desirable.

Some forests have been and are managed to obtain traditional forest products such as firewood,
fiber for paper, and timber, with little thinking for other products and services. Nevertheless, as a
result of the progression of environmental awareness, management of forests for multiple use is
becoming more common.

FOREST RESERVES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE

Forest reserves are large areas of land spaecifically preserved by government for specific
purposes. Examples include; Sakpoba Forest Reserve in Edo state, Sanga River Forest Reserve
in Plateau, Anara Forest Reserve in Kaduna state.

IMPORTANCE

1. Forest food, fuel and medicina; herhs.

2. They provide emplotment.
3. Forest serve as wind breakers.
4. They help in the formation of rain.
5. They help in the prevention of soil erosion
6. They provide incime and foreign exchange.
 7. They are sources of raw materials.

FOREST MANAGEMENT

Forest Regulation; these are laws promulgated by government inn the form of verdicts, decrees
and bye- laws to prevent indiscriminate exploiting forest resources, thereby preserving forest.
This includes; the prohibition of bush burning, ban of deforestation, ban of farming in forest etc.

Selective Exploration ; it is the process of cutting onlymatured trees in the forest. This allows for
harvesting of older trees while allowing younger ones to grow. It ensures concentration of
selected timber species and ensure continuous supply of timber, prevents illegal felling of trees
etc.

Afforestation and Reafforestatio; this is the p;anting and replanting of trees. This leads to an
increae in organic matter thus increasing soil fertility, it helps to build soil structure, prevents
leaching of soil nutrients and increases soil moisture retention.

Other methods of soil management include; Taungya farming and regeneration.