Planned cities in India

Navi Mumbai
• Navi Mumbai, formerly knows as New Bombay
• located in the eastern trans harbour of Mumbai.
• It was built in 1972, as twin city of Mumbai and is the
worlds largest planned city
• NAVI MUMBAI AREA – 344 Sq. Km (85004 ACRES).
• North Comprises of Residential & Commercial which is
driving more demands
• 45% of Land is reserved for green zones and open to sky
activity.
• Navi Mumbai has well- planned layout along with ample
supply of good quality buildings with large floor plates.
• SOUTH NAVI MUMBAI South comprises of Residential
complex and is yet to see a corporate activity and holds
promises for new development
• There are totally 86 villages covering 39,400 acres within Navi
Mumbai limits.
• The main purpose for building the city was to decongest the
city of Mumbai.
• CIDCO had created 14 nodes/townships in Navi Mumbai.
• They are Vashi, Sanpada, Airoli, Ghansoli, Nerul, Kopar
Khairane, CBD Belapur, New Panvel, Kamothe, Ulwe,
Kalamboli, Dronagiri, Kharghar and Taloja. Each node is further
divided into sectors.
HISTORY AND NEED FOR NEW CITY
• Formerly Bombay, is the commercial and
financial centre of India, with a population
of about twelve million at 2011.
• Mumbai is built on what was once a set of
seven islands: Bombay Island, Parel,
Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli, and Old
Woman's Island(also known as Little
Colaba).
• The seven islands coalesced into a single
landmass by the Hornby Vellard project
via large scale land reclamation(1845).
• The huge city is growing by many thousand
hopeful immigrants from predominantly
rural areas each day.
• Mumbai‘s particular topography – it is a
long, narrow peninsula – meant that the
constantly needed extension of the city
limits was possible in one direction only,
northwards.
Evolution

1708
HISTORY
• As early as 1964, Bombay municipality published the draft plan to deal with population
growth for next two decades and invited the public comments and suggestions from the
public.
• Charles Correa with his colleagues Pravina Mehta and Shiresh Patel proposed to the
Mumbai city authorities that they should not expand any further northwards, but use an
eastern site cut off by a sea bay for urban expansion, with the aim of establishing New
Mumbai.
• The government did not finally accept this plan until 1970, when it started to buy land
east of Mumbai old town.
• Large bridges then made it possible to create a direct link with the old centre, so that
there was now nothing else in the way of the actual goal of a new commercial centre
with a new urban structure.
• The City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) was founded, and Charles
Correa headed it as chief architect from 1970 to 1974.
• Their aim was to settle at least four million people in New Mumbai, thus containing the
spread of further emergency accommodation and creating enough new jobs.
 NAVI MUMBAI – CONCEPT
• The success of Navi Mumbai lies in the
approach adopted while it’s planning.
• Considering the massive scale of Navi
Mumbai project and to avoid a Mumbai like
situation of activity concentration caused by a
mono-centric development model, the
planners adopted polycentric nodal
pattern of development.
• The polycentric approach based on
principle of decentralization.
• The pattern ensured balanced land and
even distribution of residential areas,
job centres, wholesale markets, non-
polluting industry and population
density.
• The 12 self-contained nodal townships
are strung along the mass rapid
transport corridors, designed to
minimise travel time and distance
between nodes and neighbouring cities.
NAVI MUMBAI – DESIGN PRICIPLES
• The conceptual design of Navi Mumbai was developed at a height of modernism
• The principles were
– Decentralization by the design of self sufficient townships (nodes).
– Residential neighborhoods (sectors)
– Single use zoning as opposed to traditional multiple use zoning.
– The total area of Navi Mumbai was divided into townships.
• Each township has several sectors. Many were residential in nature.
• Each node was planned to accommodate a range of some income groups.
• Ponds were created to accumulate excess run off.
• Each node is self-contained for 100,000 to 200,000 people.
• The nodes contain residential, commercial, infrastructure and recreational uses.
• At a larger scale, nodes share some common facilities such as water reservoirs and
transport facilities.
• Navi Mumbai has the SEZ zone spread over an area of 2,140 Ha across 3 nodes of
Navi Mumbai, Functioning as a deemed foreign territory.
NAVI MUMBAI – DESIGN PRICIPLES
• The structural plan of New Bombay:
• three linear spines arranged in a
pinwheel around the CBD(Central
Business District) at one end tied to the
regional transport network at the other,
anchoring the new city into the
surrounding region.
• With developments in road, rail, air and
water transport, Navi Mumbai is fully
equipped to cater the needs of the
commuters.
• Part of this is the suburban trains that
connect to 12 nodes to each other as
well as to Mumbai.
Neighbourhood
• This shows how the public transport is used to open up land, making its accessible
in desired quantities and locations.
• The open green areas and maidans(play grounds) are kept central to
neighbourhood with a zone for cottage and other small scale industries on either
side of the railway line
Navi Mumbai and Mumbai
Chandigarh
• CHANDIGARH was the first planned city after
independence from British rule in 1947.
• It is the capital city of the states of Punjab
and Haryana.
• The city is located at the picturesque junction
of foothills of the Himalayas Mountain range
and the Ganges plains.
• According to the 2011 census, Chandigarh
population is10,55,450 people. The density of
population is 9252 persons per square
kilometre..
• American architects Albert Mayer and
Mathew Novicki were the first architects to
be appointed for the project. After the death
of Novicki in 1950, Le Corbusier was
commissioned.
INITIAL PROPOSALS

• Fan-shaped Master Plan proposed by • Grid-Iron Master Plan proposed by Le

Albert Mayer Corbusier
BASIC PLANNING CONCEPTS
• The city plan was conceived as
post war ‘Garden City’ wherein
vertical and high rise buildings
were ruled out, keeping in view
the living habits of the people.

• Le Corbusier conceived the

master plan of Chandigarh as
analogous to human body, with
a clearly defined
• Head (the Capitol Complex, Sector 1),
• Heart (the City Centre Sector-17),
• Lungs (the leisure valley, innumerable
open spaces and sector greens),
• Intellect (the cultural and educational
institutions),
• Circulatory system (the network of
roads, the 7Vs)
• Viscera (the Industrial Area).
BASIC PLANNING CONCEPTS
• The concept of the city is based on four major functions:
– Living
– Working
– care of the body and spirit
– circulation.
• Residential sectors constitute the living part
• the Capitol Complex, City Centre, Educational Zone (Post Graduate Institute, Punjab
Engineering College, Panjab University) and the Industrial Area constitute the working
part.
• The Leisure Valley, Gardens, Sector Greens and Open Courtyards etc. are for the care
of body and spirit.
• The circulation system comprises of 7 different types of roads known as 7Vs.
Later on, a pathway for cyclists called V8 were added to this circulation
system.
THE SECTOR
• The Capital complex comprises three architectural
masterpieces: the "Secretariat", the "High Court" and
the "Legislative Assembly"
• In the heart of the Capital Complex stands the giant
metallic sculpture of The Open Hand, the official
emblem of Chandigarh, signifying the city's credo of
"open to given, open to receive".
THE SECTOR
• In its first phase Chandigarh was organized in 30sectors. The sector was conceived as an
autonomous unit including housing as well as all service needed for everyday life:
schools, artisans, shops, leisure
• The primary module of city’s design is a Sector, a
neighbourhood unit of size 800 meters x 1200
meters.
• Each SECTOR is a self-sufficient unit having shops,
school, health centers and places of recreations
and worship.
• The population of a sector varies between 3000
and 2000 depending upon the sizes of plots and
the topography of the area

• The urban form of Chandigarh derives from the

well-ordered matrix of the generic ‘neighborhood
unit’ – the sector – and the hierarchical
circulation pattern resulting from Le Corbusier’s
theory of the 7Vs
The city centre
• The city centre (Sector17) is the heart of
Chandigarh's activities.
• It comprises the Inter-State Bus Terminus,
Parade Ground, District Courts, etc. On
one hand, and vast business and shopping
centre on the other.
• There are huge parking areas for The
Commercial Zones So that the Parking
Problems don't create a havoc on the
main roads.
ROAD NETWORK OF 7VS WITHIN THE CITY
• These sectors are linked by a network of streets called the 7Vs.
• The "Vs" are hierarchically organized routes according to the intensity of vehicular
traffic they support.
• Thus,
– V1 are roads
– V2 are special services
– V3 are high-speed roads that cross the city
– V4 lead to local equipment
– V5 roads are neighbourhood
– V6, home gateways
– V7 the walkways
– V8, added later cycle
• Lavasa is a private, planned city being built near Pune. It is stylistically based on
the Italian town Portofino, with a street and several buildings bearing the name of
that town