9/21/08

Unit 4: Structured Qn 1
a) A: Liver;
B: Gall Bladder;
TYS Unit 4,7 and 8 C: Pancreas;
(Science Biology) b) Liver (A) produces bile that is stored
temporarily in the gall bladder (B);
Holiday Homework B releases the bile into the duodenum
via the bile duct when chyme is present
in the small intestine;
Bile emulsifies fats into smaller fat
globules, increasing the surface area for
lipase to work on.

Unit 4: Structured Qn 1 Unit 4: Structured Qn 2

ci) Trypsin/ Lipase; a) Stage location
ii) Proteins/ Fats; ingestion Buccal cavity/
mouth;
digestion Buccal cavity,
stomach,
duodenum, ileum
absorption ileum;
assimilation liver, body cells;
egestion anus;

Unit 4: Structured Qn 2 MCQ Unit 7 ANSWERS

b) i) Liver; 1.  C 6. D
  ii) The breakdown product is ammonia 2.  A 7. D
which is then converted into urea; 3.  A 8. C
  Urea is carried away in the blood 4.  C 9. C
plasma to the kidneys, & excreted out 5.  C 10. B
in the urine;
11. A

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Essay Qn1b Essay Qn1b

•  Smoking increases the chance of
endothelial damage and plaque formation
(due to CO and nicotine);
•  Diabetes results in high blood glucose,
increasing chance of endothelial damage
and plaque formation;
Other points:
•  Stress/hypertension- high blood pressure,
increasing chance of endothelial damage.

Essay Qn 2a Unit 7 Essay Qn 3b

  The man has to run faster with an increase in
the machine speed from 0-10 km/hr;
  His skeletal muscles require more oxygen
and glucose;
  as rate of respiration increased to release
more energy for muscle contraction;
  Thus, his heart pumps faster to supply the
blood to the skeletal muscles at a faster rate;
  As the pulse rate reflects the heart rate, there
is an increase in the pulse rate, from 70 to
129 beats per min;

Unit 8: Structured Qn 1a Unit 8: Structured Qn 1

i.  Aerobic respiration:The breakdown of
food substances in the presence of
oxygen with the release of a large
amount of energy;
ii.  Anaerobic respiration: The breakdown
of food substances with the release of a
comparatively small amount of energy in
the absence of oxygen;
b) The carbon dioxide is excreted
through the lungs; and excess water is
removed via the kidneys in urine, or
the skin in sweat;
ci) During vigorous exercise (when
oxygen supply is not sufficient to fuel
aerobic respiration);
ii) Lactic Acid;

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Unit 8: Structured 2 Unit 8: Structured Qn 3

a) Aerobic Respiration; a) Lactic acid;
b) Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide b) Glucose  Lactic acid + Energy;
+Water +Energy;

Unit 8 Essay Qn 1(a) Unit 8 Essay Qn 1(a)

Aerobic respiration in humans:
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide   Both anaerobic and aerobic respiration
+Water +Energy; involve:
 Breakdown of food
Anaerobic respiration in humans:
 Release of energy
Glucose  Lactic Acid + Energy;  Loss of some energy as heat
 Production of ATP;;
NOTE: When not specified, assume
anaerobic respiration occurring in
humans (Respiration in yeast only
covered for experiments)

Unit 8 Essay Qn 1(a) Unit 8 Essay Qn 1a

Aerobic Anaerobic   Aerobic respiration occurs in living
Respiration; Respiration; cells in general where oxygen is
  Uses oxygen   Does not use oxygen available;
  No lactic acid   Lactic acid produced   Anaerobic respiration occurs in human
produced skeletal muscle during vigorous
  CO2 & water   CO2 & water not exercise where oxygen supply does
produced produced not meet the demand by the muscles;
  Large amount of   Small amount of
energy released energy released