Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME:_Eric L. Carpio

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.
14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5
make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.

29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5
behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  5 5  5 4  4 8 4

10  5 7  5 24  4 11 4

23  5 12  5 26  4 15 4

31  5 16  4 34  5 25 5

 39  5 17  2 36  5 40 5

T  25 T  21 T 22 22

E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  4 20  5 2  4 3 5

14  3 30  4 9  4 13 5

22  5 33  4 19  5 18 5

29  4 35  5 27  5 21 5

37  4 38  5 32  5 28 5

T  22 T  23 T  23 T 25

1. Highest Score: ___90_____ 

Philosophy: ________Cognitivism/Constructivism

2. Highest Score: ____93____ 

Philosophy: _____ Cognitivism/Constructivism

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 

Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 
Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28
 Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME: Danika Ann Agustin

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.
14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5
make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.

29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5
behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  3 5  5 4  8

10  5 7  2 24  11

23  5 12  5 26  15

31  5 16  3 34  25

 39  3 17  3 36  5 40 5

T  21 T  23 T 25 19

E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  4 20  5 2  5 3 5

14  4 30  5 9  5 13 5

22  5 33  5 19  4 18 5

29  5 35  5 27  5 21 1

37  5 38  4 32  5 28 5

T  23 T  24 T  24 T 21

1. Highest Score: __88_____ 

Philosophy: __Perennialism______

2. Highest Score: ___92__ 

Philosophy: ___Perennialism__________

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 

Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 
Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28
 Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME: Vivian C. Lucaylucay

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.
14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5
make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.

29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5
behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  3 5  5 4  4 8 4

10  4 7  2 24  5 11 4

23  3 12  2 26  4 15 3

31  4 16  4 34  5 25 4

 39  4 17  4 36  5 40 5

T  18 T  19 T 20 20

E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  4 20  3 2  3 3 4

14  5 30  4 9  5 13 4

22  4 33  4 19  3 18 4

29  4 35  4 27  4 21 2

37  5 38  5 32  3 28 519

T  22 T  20 T  18 T

1. Highest Score: _77______ 

Philosophy: ___Essentialism_____

2. Highest Score: __79___ 

Philosophy: __Essentialism___

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 

Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 
Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28
 Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME: Marma O.Omar

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.
14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5
make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.

29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5
behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  3 5  5 4  5 8 2

10  5 7  3 24  5 11 3

23  3 12  1 26  5 15 5

31  3 16  1 34  3 25 3

 39  3 17  3 36  3 40 3

T  17 T  13 T 21 16

E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  3 20  3 2  5 3 5

14  3 30  4 9  3 13 5

22  5 33  3 19  4 18 5

29  3 35  3 27  3 21 3

37  3 38  3 32  3 28 5

T  17 T  16 T  18 T 23

1. Highest Score: _____67__ 

Philosophy: __Essentialism______

2. Highest Score: ____74_ 

Philosophy: __Essentialism___

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 

Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 
Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28
 Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME: Julieth P.Lagbas

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.
14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5
make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.

29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5
behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  3 5  4 4  4 8 3

10  4 7  4 24  4 11 4

23  3 12  4 26  3 15 4

31  3 16  3 34  4 25 4

 39  4 17  4 36  4 40 4

T  17 T  19 T 19 19

E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  3 20  4 2  4 3 4

14  4 30  4 9  4 13 4

22  3 33  4 19  4 18 4

29  3 35  3 27  3 21 3

37  4 38  3 32  3 28 4

T  17 T  18 T  18 T 19

1. Highest Score: __74_____ 

Philosophy: _____Essentialism___

2. Highest Score: _72____ 

Philosophy: _Essentialism____

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 

Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 
Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28
 Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME: Rhea Mae E.Castueras

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.
14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5
make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.

29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5
behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  4 5  5 4  5 8 3

10  3 7  3 24  5 11 5

23  4 12  4 26  2 15 2

31  2 16  4 34  2 25 3

 39  5 17  1 36  5 40 5

T  18 T  16 T 19 18

E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  5 20  2 2  5 3 4

14  5 30  2 9  5 13 3

22  4 33  5 19  4 18 3

29  5 35  4 27  3 21 2

37  4 38  5 32  5 28 4

T  23 T  18 T  22 T 16

1. Highest Score: _71______ 

Philosophy: _Essentialism_______

2. Highest Score: _79____ 

Philosophy: _Essentailism____

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 

Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 
Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28
 Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME: Ivy Jane Mendoza

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.
14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5
make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.

29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5
behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  5 5  5 4  3 8 1

10  5 7  4 24  5 11 5

23  4 12  5 26  5 15 3

31  3 16  4 34  5 25 5

 39  3 17  1 36  5 40 2

T  22 T  19 T 23 16

E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  5 20  3 2  3 3 5

14  3 30  5 9  5 13 4

22  5 33  3 19  3 18 5

29  5 35  5 27  3 21 2

37  4 38  5 32  4 28 5

T  22 T  22 T  18 T 22

1. Highest Score: _80

______ 
Philosophy: _Essentialism ___

2. Highest Score: 84 _____ 

Philosophy: _Perrenialism____

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 

Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 
Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28
 Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME: Zendy Saguitan

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.

14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5

make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.
29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5

behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  3 5  4 4  3 8 3

10  4 7  3 24  3 11 3

23  3 12  4 26  3 15 3

 31  3 16  3 34  4 25 4

39  4 17  3 36  4 40 4

T  17 T  17 T 17 17

E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  4 20  3 2  3 3 4

14  4 30  4 9  3 13 3

22  4 33  4 19  3 18 4

29  3 35  3 27  4 21 2

37  3 38  3 32  4 28 4

T  18 T  17 T  17 T 17

1. Highest Score: _84______ 

Philosophy: __Cognitivism/Constructivism ______

2. Highest Score: __69___ 

Philosophy: _Essentialism ____

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 

Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 
Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
 inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28

Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME: Nikki C. Baligasa

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.

14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5

make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.

29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5

behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  2 5  3 4  4 8 2

10  3 7  2 24  4 11 4

23  2 12  4 26  3 15 4

31  3 16  4 34  5 25 4

39  2 17  4 36  2 40 4

T  12 T  17 T 18 18
 E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  4 20  4 2  3 3 5

14  4 30  4 9  5 13 3

22  5 33  5 19  3 18 2

29  3 35  5 27  3 21 4

37  4 38  5 32  3 28 3

T  20 T  23 T  8 T 18

1. Highest Score: _65______ 

Philosophy: __Essentialism ______

2. Highest Score: __77___ 

Philosophy: __Essentialism ___

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 
Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 

Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 
 __ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28

Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment 

NAME: Junie Fourth V. Salaum

This questionnaire will help you recognize and name your own educational philosophy. Respond
to the given  statements on a scale from 1, "Strongly Disagree," to 5, "Strongly Agree." Record
the number of your answer along  with the question number for scoring. 
1  2  3  4  5

1. The curriculum should be universal; a given body of 1  2  3  4  5

information about western  civilization should be taught
through discussion and lecture

2. Students are makers of meaning and construct their 1  2  3  4  5

understandings from active  experience, rather than through
transmission from teachers.

3. Education should emphasize personal growth through solving 1  2  3  4  5

problems that are real to  students.

4. Curriculum should not be predetermined; rather, it should 1  2  3  4  5

spring from students'  interests and needs

5. It is necessary and good that schools instill traditional values in 1  2  3  4  5

students. 

6. Representing information as symbols in the mind is an important 1  2  3  4  5

part of learning 

7. Schools exist to provide practical preparation for work and life, 1  2  3  4  5

not to nourish personal  development.

8. Teaching the great works of literature is less important than 1  2  3  4  5

involving students in  activities to criticize and shape society.

9. Teachers, rather than imparting knowledge, are 1  2  3  4  5

facilitators of conditions and  experiences so students can
construct their own understandings.

10. The aim of education should remain constant regardless of 1  2  3  4  5

differences in era or  society, it should not vary from one
teacher to another.

11. Schools should encourage student involvement in social 1  2  3  4  5

change to aid in societal  reform.

12. The emphasis in schools should be hard work, respect for 1  2  3  4  5

authority, and discipline,  rather than encouraging free choice

13. If encouraging and nourishing environments are provided, 1  2  3  4  5

learning will flourish  naturally because people have an
inherent tendency to learn.

14. Students, like computers, are information processors who must 1  2  3  4  5

make sense of events  and objects in their environments.

15. Schools should guide society towards significant social 1  2  3  4  5

change rather than merely  passing on traditional values.

16. Teachers should concentrate on conveying a common core of 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge rather than  experimenting with modifying curriculum

17. The curriculum should focus on basic skills instead of students' 1  2  3  4  5

individual interests. 

18. Students must learn to make good choices and to be responsible 1  2  3  4  5

for their behavior 

19. Conflicts to current understandings trigger the need to learn and 1  2  3  4  5

to make meaning. 

20. Rewards controlled by the external environment lead to and result 1  2  3  4  5

in all learning 

21. Transmitting traditional values is less important than helping 1  2  3  4  5

students to develop  personal values

22. The heart of understanding learning is concerned with how 1  2  3  4  5

information is encoded,  processed, remembered, and retrieved

23. Advocating the permanency of the classics is a vital part of 1  2  3  4  5

teaching 

24. Perceptions centered in experience should be emphasized, as 1  2  3  4  5

well as the freedom and  responsibility to achieve one's potential

25. Education should help drive society to better itself, rather 1  2  3  4  5

than restricting itself to  essential skills.

26. Teachers should encourage democratic, project-based 1  2  3  4  5

classrooms that emphasize  interdisciplinary subject matter

27. A knowledgeable individual facilitates or scaffolds learning for a 1  2  3  4  5

novice based on  understanding the learner's developmental level and
the content to be learned

28. The role of the teacher is help create a nurturing atmosphere for 1  2  3  4  5
students and to  promote the growth of the whole person.

29. Teaching involves the support of memory storage and retrieval.  1  2  3  4  5

30. Successful teaching creates an environment that controls student 1  2  3  4  5

behavior and  assesses learning of prescribed outcomes.

31. The greatest education centers mainly around the student's 1  2  3  4  5

exposure to great  achievements in subjects such as arts and
literature.

32. Learning requires modifying internal knowing structures in order to 1  2  3  4  5

assimilate and  accommodate new information.

33. The role of the teacher is to create an atmosphere that rewards 1  2  3  4  5

desired behavior  toward achieving goals and extinguishes undesirable
behavior

34. The primary goal for educators is to establish environments where 1  2  3  4  5

students can learn  independently through purposeful reflection about
their experiences.

35. Principles of reinforcement (anything that will increase the likelihood 1  2  3  4  5

that an event  will be repeated) and contiguity (how close two events must
be chronologically for a bond  to be created) are pivotal to explaining
learning.

36. Students' involvement in choosing how and what they should 1  2  3  4  5

learn is central to  education.

37. Students need to develop declarative, procedural, and conditional 1  2  3  4  5

knowledge. 

38. One's behavior is shaped by one's environment; elements within that 1  2  3  4  5

environment  (rather than the individual learner) determine what is
learned.

39. The most distinctive quality of human nature is the ability to reason; 1  2  3  4  5
for this reason,  the focus of education should be on developing intellect.

40. Learning should guide students to active participation in social reform.  1  2  3  4  5

. 
A  B  C  D

no  score  No  Score  no  Score  no  Score

1  2 5  3 4  5 8 4

10  5 7  2 24  4 11 5

23  3 12  3 26  4 15 5

31  4 16  1 34  5 25 5

39  4 17  36  4 40 5

T  28 T  2 T 22 24
 E  F  G  H

no  score  No  Score  no  score  no  Score

6  4 20  3 2  5 3 5

14  4 30  5 9  4 13 4

22  5 33  4 19  3 18 5

29  5 35  3 27  4 21 4

37  5 38  4 32  4 28 5

T  23 T  19 T  20 T 23

1. Highest Score: __75_____ 

Philosophy: __Essentialism ______

2. Highest Score: _85____ 

Philosophy: _Perrenialism ____

Educational Philosophies
Self Assessment Scoring
Guide 
Record the number you chose for each statement in the self-assessment in
the spaces given. Add the numbers for each section to obtain your score
for that section. The highest  score(s) indicates your educational
philosophy and psychological orientation. 

Perennialism 
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture,
including  understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of
education. Thus, curricula  should remain constant across time and context.
Cultivation of the intellect is the highest  priority of an education. Teachers
should directly instruct the great works of literature and  art and other core
curricula. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
1 10 23 31 39 
Essentialism 
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that
needs to be  transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A
practical focus, rather than  social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and
moral standards should be transmitted by  the schools. It is a back-to-
basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform,  direct, and
subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and
respect  for authority. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
5 7 12 16 17 

Progressivism 
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than
the subject  matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration
of thinking, feeling, and  doing. Learners should be active and learn to
solve problems by experimenting and  reflecting on their experience.
Schools should help students develop personal and social  values so that
they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is
always  changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than
the past. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
4 24 26 34 36 

Reconstructionism/Critical Theory 
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to
reconstruct society  in order to create a better world. Schools have more
than a responsibility to transmit  knowledge, they have the mission to
transform society as well. Reconstructionists use  critical thinking skills,
inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching  strategies.
Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple
perspectives.
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
8 11 15 25 40 

Information Processing 
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the
individual  works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It
uses symbols to encode,  process, remember, and retrieve information. It
explains how a given body of information  is learned and suggests
strategies to improve processing and memory. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
6 14 22 29 37 

Behaviorism 
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that
cause humans to  behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will.
Observable behavior rather than  internal thought processes is the focus;
learning is manifested by a change in behavior.  This is known as the
stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what  
what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable
behaviors. The teacher's  role is to develop behavioral goals and
establish reinforcers to accomplish goals. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
20 30 33 35 38 

Cognitivism/Constructivism 
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality
through acting  upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a
new object, event, or experience  does not fit the learner's present knowing
structures, a conflict is provoked that requires  an active quest to restore a
balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and  mediate
experiences to support student learning. 

__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
2 9 19 27 32 

Humanism 
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human
potential for  growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the
study of affective as well as  cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs
include: human beings can control their own  destiny; people are
inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to  act
but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice;
and people  possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
There is a natural tendency for  people to learn, which will flourish if
nourishing, encouraging environments are  provided. 
__ + __ + __ + __ + __ Total = _____ 
3 13 18 21 28