1. Microorganisms require water, a carbon source, nitrogen, inorganic salts, and other growth factors to grow. Their growth requirements can be categorized as physical (temperature, pH, osmotic pressure) or chemical (nutrients).
2. Sterilization aims to eliminate all microorganisms through various means like heat, chemicals, radiation, or high pressure. Moist heat sterilization using steam is a common and effective sterilization technique. Dry heat in an oven at 170°C for two hours can also achieve sterilization.
3. Normal flora are the microorganisms that naturally live on and inside the human body without causing disease, such as the approximately 100 trillion bacteria in our
1. Microorganisms require water, a carbon source, nitrogen, inorganic salts, and other growth factors to grow. Their growth requirements can be categorized as physical (temperature, pH, osmotic pressure) or chemical (nutrients).
2. Sterilization aims to eliminate all microorganisms through various means like heat, chemicals, radiation, or high pressure. Moist heat sterilization using steam is a common and effective sterilization technique. Dry heat in an oven at 170°C for two hours can also achieve sterilization.
3. Normal flora are the microorganisms that naturally live on and inside the human body without causing disease, such as the approximately 100 trillion bacteria in our
1. Microorganisms require water, a carbon source, nitrogen, inorganic salts, and other growth factors to grow. Their growth requirements can be categorized as physical (temperature, pH, osmotic pressure) or chemical (nutrients).
2. Sterilization aims to eliminate all microorganisms through various means like heat, chemicals, radiation, or high pressure. Moist heat sterilization using steam is a common and effective sterilization technique. Dry heat in an oven at 170°C for two hours can also achieve sterilization.
3. Normal flora are the microorganisms that naturally live on and inside the human body without causing disease, such as the approximately 100 trillion bacteria in our
microorganisms must have a supply of disinfection, sanitization, and pasteurization, water as well as numerous other in that those methods reduces rather than substances including mineral eliminate all forms of life and biological elements, growth factors, and gas, such as agents present. oxygen. Virtually all chemical substances in 7. Physical Methods of Heat microorganisms contain carbon in some a. Moist heat sterilization is a form, whether they be proteins, fats, procedure in which heated, high- carbohydrates, or lipids. pressure steam is used to sterilize 2. For growth and nutrition of bacteria, the an object. This sterilization minimum nutritional requirements are water, technique does not involve any toxic a source of carbon, a source liquids or fumes, and it's relatively of nitrogen and some inorganic salts. inexpensive, quick, and effective in Water is the vehicle of entry of all nutrients killing and eliminating potentially into the cell and for the elimination of waste infectious bacteria, viruses, and products. spores. 3. Requirements for microbial growth are b. Dry heat. Dry heat kills divided into two categories, physical and microorganisms by reacting with and chemical. Physical aspects include oxidizing their proteins. Dry heat can temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure. be used in incineration devices, such Chemical requirements include water, as the Bunsen burner or the hot-air sources of carbon and nitrogen, minerals, oven. In the hot-air oven, a oxygen, and organic growth factors. temperature of about 170°C for two hours will bring about sterilization. c. Ionizing radiation is the use of short wavelength, high- intensity radiation to destroy microorganisms. This radiation can come in the form of gamma or X- rays that react with DNA resulting in a damaged cell.
8. Number and Location of
Microorganisms. 9. Innate Resistance of Microorganisms. 4. Normal flora are the microorganisms that 10. Concentration and Potency of live on another living organism (human or Disinfectants. animal) or inanimate object without causing disease. ... We are covered with, and 11. Physical and Chemical Factors. contain within our intestines, approximately 12. Organic and Inorganic Matter. one hundred trillion bacteria that form 13. Duration of Exposure. the normal flora of our bodies. 14. Biofilms. 5. Medical or clean asepsis reduces the number of organisms and prevents their spread; surgical or sterile asepsis includes procedures to eliminate micro-organisms from an area and is practiced by surgical technologists and nurses in operating theaters and treatment areas. 6. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and