Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mass Communication
Mass Communication
Mass Communication
3.0 INTRODUCTION
In the previous units you have read about the concept and principles of news
and the news sources. In this unit we shall look at the newsroom set up and
functions of print and online media. The publication of a newspaper is a
complicated activity which needs a professionally trained and experienced team.
A team consisting of editorial and reporting staff completes various assignments,
which include news gathering, news selection, news editing and page making
etc. under the leadership of editor. All these activities are known as news
processing which take place every day in a newsroom under tremendous pressure
in order to meet the deadlines.
In true sense, a newspaper is made by its editorial and reporting team. They
generally sit under one roof, i.e., the newsroom for completion of their tasks.
They enjoy sleepless night until the newspaper goes for publication from
newsroom to the printing press. Even after publication, pressure related to
factual, technical errors and under or over play of news; keeps them in tense
mood.
This unit will focus on the working mechanism of a newsroom and its function
as well as the structural difference between a newspaper and magazine house.
It will explain how news is gathered, edited and disseminated in a presentable
manner. Further, the unit will also describe the emergence of online media and
how its working mechanism is different from the print media. 33
News Concepts
3.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES
After going through this unit, you should be able to:
discuss the working mechanism of a newsroom in a newspaper organisation;
explain the functions of newsroom such as news gathering, selection, editing
and page making;
describe the newsroom hierarchy and the responsibilities of journalists;
analyse the structural difference between newspaper and magazine; and
describe the emergence of online media and its working mechanism.
Generally, all editorial and reporting staff coordinates in the planning and
processing of news. The newsroom never sleeps as here various activities take
place in three shifts -. morning, afternoon and night. The first shift starts in the
morning, when editor calls a meeting for analysis of news coverage and
comparing it with the rival newspapers. If everything is fine, then the efforts
of colleagues are appreciated. However, in case of factual errors and technical
mistakes, these are pointed out and valuable inputs given for improvement. Then
planning for news coverage is made and accordingly duties are assigned to the
editorial and reporting staff.
This brainstorming session gives useful guidance to the juniors how to avoid
mistakes and maintain consistency in news coverage and presentation. It is also
a kind of warm up session, which activates the members of a newspaper house
particularly reporters, who after this session, proceed for in search of news.
The afternoon session activates the editorial wing. All editorial staff, particularly
the Sub/Copy Editor, Senior Sub/Copy Editor and Chief Sub/Copy Editor, starts
the editing process under the guidance of News Editor. Initially it goes slowly,
but in the evening, news comes very fast and processed accordingly in order
to meet deadline. Keeping in view the news values, this wing proposes lead
news followed by other news items on various pages before the Editor. After
multi-level checking it in finalised and then news goes on different pages for
designing and publication. This entire process requires professional skills, team
efforts and co-ordination at every level.
News Editing: Editing is the final point of a newsroom, where a sub/copy editor
examines the news value of that news story and edits it in order to make it
readable. S/he reads all news stories carefully, edits and fine tunes the news
items and reads it again. A sub editor follows the editing methods such as
arranging, adding, reducing and translating the facts and gives a readable shape
including a headline to the news items. The gatekeeping process continues at
the level of editing too.The Sub/copy editor may reject the news story, if it
is not relevant for larger audience and does not contain news values. Editing
is the soul of a newspaper which cannot survive without excellent editing.
Activity 1
Executive Editor: As the name suggests, Executive Editor executes the vision
of the Editor-in-Chief or Chief Editor into reality. S/he takes part in all initiatives
taken by the Chief Editor and accordingly gives suggestions to the junior staff.
In the absence of the Editor-in-Chief, s/he looks after all the activities of the
newsroom. The Executive Editor also keeps oneself up to date about the activities
of multi-edition newspapers and apprises the chief editor accordingly.
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Check Your Progress: 2 News Room Set-up &
Functions: Print & Online
media
Note: 1) Use the space below for you answers.
2) Compare your answers with those given at the end of this unit.
1) What is the difference between the work of an executive editor and the
resident editor?
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2) Mention two activities of assistant editor.
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3) What are the main criteria that news editor keeps in mind before placing
news on page?
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Editor/Chief Editor/Editor-in-Chief
Executive Editor
EDITING DESK REPORTING WING
CONTENT ART/VISUAL Senior Correspondent
Assistant Editor Art/Creative Director Correspondent
Feature Editor Photo Editor Reporter
Chief Sub/Copy Editor Photographer Trainee (as per need)
Copy/Sub Editor Graphic Designer
Trainee (as per need)
Keeping above factors in view, a magazine needs a small newsroom set up.
The number of staff is lesser than a newspaper and varies from one magazine
set up to another. The role of a magazine staff is slightly different from newspaper
staff because of the factors discussed above.
Check Your Progress: 3
Note: 1) Use the space below for you answers.
2) Compare your answers with those given at the end of this unit.
1) What are two major news sources of a newspaper?
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2) What is the role of a bureau chief?
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3) Mention two main activities of photo editor.
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Activity 3
Visit the newsrooms of any two web/news portals and collect information
about the use of technology for news processing, photo and audio-video
editing.
The newsroom setup for online media comprises fully equipped editorial
department with online reporters and online editors. The newsroom also consists
of modern gadgets in order to facilitate and carry out the information. Television
sets, cell phones, personal computers, video monitors professional video camera,
microphones and foldback speakers, stage lighting rigs and the associated
controlling equipment are few of the essential gadgets required to be setup in
newsroom.
There are myriad functions of online media, it reports the news, serves as an
intermediary between the government and the people and keeps people actively
involved in society and politics. Content reproduction and updation is much
simpler and cheaper in online media. It reaches out to the large, scattered,
heterogeneous and anonymous audience at the same time.
Check Your Progress: 4
Note: 1) Use the space below for you answers.
2) Compare your answers with those given at the end of this unit.
1) Which electronic devices have changed the face of a newsroom?
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2) What are the activities of Desktop Publishing?
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News Room Set-up &
3.5 LET US SUM UP Functions: Print & Online
media
In this unit you were exposed to the newsroom set up of a newspaper
organisation and the professional staff working at various levels. It was discussed
that the publication of a newspaper is a complicated activity which needs a
professionally trained team. A team consisting of editorial and reporting staff
completes various functions of newsroom such as news gathering, gate-keeping,
news editing and page making etc. under the leadership of the Editor. Collectively
these activities are known as news processing, which take place every day in
a newsroom under tremendous pressure in order to meet deadline.The content
and presentation of a newspaper reflects the vision of the Editor who is assisted
by a team of professionals.
It was also discussed that the publication of a magazine is different from a
newspaper because of its periodicity, size and content. It needs a small newsroom
set up led by the editor.
Further, we discussed the emergence of online media, which primarily includes
software, digital images, digital video, web pages and websites has begun a
new era of information & communication technology. It has led to a paperless
society in which information can be created, viewed, distributed, modified and
preserved on electronic devices such as smart phones, tablets and wireless
networks etc.
Unlike Print media, online media makes use of audio and video components
for dissemination of information and offers Live discussions. Frequent updation
of content is one of the prime requirements of online media. You will read about
‘Online Newsroom Setup’ in the Course MJM-023: Broadcast & Online
Journalism in greater detail.
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