GREEN

COIOR
= Al:llllli Zn.
Cu2•
Al"
Fe1•
Br1· Ni2•
so.'-
SHYER
CQIOB
As seen above, dry colors (gulaal),contains several
components which are related to skin related
problems.
Heavy metals present in the colorants can
cause asthma, sk.in diseases and adversely
affects the eye.
Na;iSO, +Pb(CH3COO#---> Pb so"4-Jll'(I
+2CHJC00Na
3. Fe1•
FeC'3+3NH.oH-> NH,Cl+Fe(OHJ -Pl'l.l
Fe(OH)l+3HCt--> FeCh+3H20
4FeCli+ 3K.(Fe(CN),J> 12KCl+Fe4(fe(CN),h11,,,.
,_, FeCli+3KENS 3KCl+Fe(CNShc--i
4. Nii.
NiCh+2NH.OH+2C..HgN0,......-> 2NH.Cl+2Hl0+

NiCl,+2NH.OH--> 2NaCl+Ni(OH),+Br,+H,O
2HBr+[OJ
Ni(OHh+ HzO+[OJ--->

CONCLUSION
 and color confirmed
OMG to oart l
6b Add NaOH to White ppt Ni•
oart 2 confirmed
7 Add NH.Cl and No change Ba .Sr•,ca •
♦

NH.-OH absent
(excess)
8 (NH4hHP04 No reaction Mg• absent
added to step
7 solution

d CHEMICAL REACTIONS·
Reaction for.
1. Br1•
2KBr+ HlS<A----> KHSO.+ HBr11)

KBr+AgN01-> KN01+AgBr1,.,_11111:1
2NaBr+CCt.-> dissolves to give orange color in
CCI, layer
2. so.2·
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Add NaOH to No reaction NH,• absent
W.E.
2 Add dilHCI to No reaction Pb· absent
W.E.
3 Add dilHCI and No reaction Cu *absent
oass H1S.
4 Add NH,CI and Brown ppt Fe •indicated
NH,OH formed All+ absent
lexcessl
Conl'irmatory test (fel ♦)

Dissolve ppt in dilute HCI and divide into 2 parts

4a To part 1 .add Blue color Fe •conf'imied
Potassium appears
ferrocva nide
4b To part 1 ,add Blood red Fe'•confirmed
Potassium coloration
thiocyanate

5 Add H2S to step Black ppt Co •,NP•

4 solution aooears Indicated.
6 Dissolve blaclc Yellow Ni•
ppt in aqua regia coloration Indicated.
Co,. absent
Confirmatory test (Ni'*I
Divide solution into 2 parts
6a Add NH,OH Rose ninlc Ni•
 CCI. and colouration . confirmed.
conc.HNOl
droi:1 wise.
3 Add cone. Reddish brown N01·
t·hSO.and vapor persists. indicated.
heat.
Confinnatorv test IMO,'·)
4 Now add Cu Vapor does N011·absent.
not tuminQs intensify.
Te!il for Independent Radicals.
:, ......u tsal..11 co wmre.ppc.rorm :,u. ·
W.E. ed confirmed.
(water
insoluble\
Add lead White ppt. SO,
acetate to formed confirmed.
W.E.
Add No change
ammonium observed.
molybdate to
W.E. Boil it
and add cone.
HNOJafter
coolina.

2: TESTFOR CATIONS-
 TEST FOR SILVER COLOR
A PBFI IMINARY OBSFBYAIIONS :
COLOR-SILVER
SOWBIUTY-SOWBLE
STATE- CRYSTALLINE SOLID
B OBSERVATION IABI E·

TEST FOB ANIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Add dil.HzSO, No change. col·,sol·,
to the soln. and S2·
absent.
Add cone. Reddish brown 9,.1.
H,so.. toW.E. vapors with indicated.
lwater extract) ounaent smell.

2.a Add AgN0:1 light yellow

._,.
_,,.,..,.. Ail ', ,,..,.
""' _

Confirm11lorv'"·
te:.l !Br1)
water)
2.b To w.e. i.tdd Oranoe e,·
AICh+3NH.OH-> 3 NH.Cl+Al(OH)l(-Pllll
Al(OHh+3HCIAfetr H O
AICIJ+3NH.OH-> 3NH.Cl+Al{OHh1- --011

""'
 adsorbed on
it
5 H1S added to step Dirty white Zn•
4 solution nnt ainnPars indicated
Confirm11tory test (Zn")

Dissolve ppt in dilute HO and divide Into 2 parts

Sa To part 1 add White ppt Zn •confirme

NaOH d
Sb To part 2 add White ppt zn2•conflrme
Potassium formed d
ferrocvanide
6 (NH.hCO, added No change Ba• .Sr* .ea•
to steo 4 solution absent
7 (NH,hHPO, added No reaction Mg• absent
to steo 4 solution

CHEMICAi BFACTJONS·
Reaction for:

l. Br1•
2KBr+H2SO,.----> KHSO,+HBr10,
KBr+AgNQ,-> KNOJ+AgBr1,...._""''
 rest FOB CATIONS-
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIO INFERENCE
N
1 Add NaOH to W.E. No reaction NH, • absent
2 Add dllHCI to No reaction Pb· absent
W.E.
3 Add dllHCI and Black ppt Cu *indicated
oass H S.

,. 01sso1ve 01ack
Coofirmatorytest(Cu'·J
tnue co1or cu ·connrme
ppt in cone. HN03 obtained. d
and add NH.OH
To solution itdd aceUc acid and divide Into 2 parts
3b Add K.[Fe(CNJ,l to Brown ppt Cu ·confinne
oart 1 d
3c AddKl to part 2 Brown colom. Cuconfirme
d
4 Add NH c, and White ppt Al "indic:ated
NH.OH (excess) formed Feh absent

Confirm&t<>f)' test !Al'"!

•• Oisso/vl!! ppt in dilute HO •nd divide into 2 parts

To aqsotn add lttumsred Acidic soln

blue litmus
4b Add NH.OH till Floating Al •
solution turns white ppt confirmed
blue with blue
 to the soln. soluble in water) Orange colouration .

2.b Br· wise.

To W.E. add CCI. and conc.HN01 dron confinned.
Add cone.
Hlso and heat.

Reddish brown vapor

N01·persists.
indicated.

..
Confirmaton, test IN0, ·)

...
1

4 Now add CuVapor does not

_; .....
;

Test f,x Independent Radicals.

;
N011·absent.

, ,...,..u tsaCl wti1te.ppt. orm ,v,

W.E. ed confirmed.
(water insoluble) White ppt. formed

6 Add lead acetate to W.E. so.- confirmed.

Add
ammonium molybdate to
W.E. Boil it and add
Nocone. HN0
change 1after Po.i-absent.
observed.cooling.
 TEST FORGREEN COLOR
a.PBEI IMINAB'Y OBSERVATIONS :
COLOR-GREEN SOWBILrTY-SOWBLE
STATE- CRYSTALLINE SOLID

b OBSFBYATION TABI f·
> JEST FOB ANIONS-

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Add dil.H1:SO,. No change. col·,so/·,
to the soln. and s1•
absent.
2 Add cone. Reddish brown Br·

,..
H150,to W.E. vapors with indicated.
(water extract) ounaent smell.
ConfirmatllfY tl!'Sl (Br1 ·)

MUl,,I AgNU1 L1gnt ye11ow

and dil HNO oot.CPartlallv
GREEN color is obtained from i:or;u:2er_,j1,1Jpb_i.lt
-which may cause allergies in eye or even
temporary blindness.
PURPLE COLOR is obtained from ,.b.r.Qmlum_Lodi$Je -
which may cause bronchital asthma or other forms
of allergy.
SILVER COi 08 is obtained fromll!mio.i m.
brQ_r!')i e.-
a known carcinogenic.
f!ED CQLQfl_ is obtained from merc1.1.ry _jUlpt"ILte -

which may cause slcin cancer or minamata

disease (mental retardation, paralysis, retardation
, impaired vision)
SHINY COLOR are result of powdered glass being
added to the colors.
MOREOVER-
► Many water colors have an alkaline
base capable of causing severe

►injuries.
Colors in the form of pastes have toxic
compounds mixed in a base of engine oil or
other inferior quality oil.
► These toxic compounds may cause skin allergy
temporary blindness etc.
AIM._-

To detect the ions present in the given holi colors.

APPARATUS REOUIREP-
Test tubes, test tube stand and holder ,Bunsen
burner, china dish, spatula, tripod stand, mesh ,
dropper , filter paper .

Holicolors or gulaals are mainly colored powders

which are used for celebratory purposes during the
festival of holi.
As the commercialistion of the hoti market
began.sellers started introducing artificial
substances into naturally made holicolors to
enhance their color. Eventually ,holi colors
transfonned into fully chemical colors ,and even
though chemical colors are cost effective, they are
a huge threat to human body.
These days most holi colors sold in the market are
oxidized metals or industrial dyes mixed with
engine oil. These chemicals are known to cause
serious hann to person's health.
For example -
 Introduction

The tradition of holi has been present in India since time immemorial and holi celebration .
Hoti colors are available in multiple colors from
orange to red to black. and so on.
Each color is equally prominent and equally
preferred .
The colors used here are green and silver and
are boughtfrom a local market.
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
APPAAATUS
THEORY
PRELIMINARY TESTS
5 A. TEST FOR GREEN COLOR
5 B. TEST FOR SILVER COLOR
6. CONCWSION
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, 'ABC 'am immensely grateful to my chemistry

teacher 'PQR' for guidance and helpful hints
during the preparation of my project. My Project
would not have been successful without their help
regarding this project onANALYSIS OF IONS IN
HOU COLOURS .
 CERTIFICATE

It is hereby to certify that, original and genuine

investigation worlc has been carried out to
investigate about the subject matter and the
related data collection and investigation has been
completed solely .sincerely and satisfactorily by"
XYZ "of "CLASS XII", "ABC SCHOOL
.., regarding his project : "ANALYSIS Of IONS
IN HOU COLOURS".

MRS.----
(CHEMISTRY TEACHER)
ABC SCHOOL
CHEMISRTY PRO!ECT REPORT

TO DETECT THE PRESENCE CATIONS ANO ANIONS

INDIFFERENT HOLi COLOURS (GULALS]

Submtttedby!
Name -
Class - XII
Roll NO.-
School -ABC SCHOOL