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Chem - Project - Rusting - of - Iron 1
Chem - Project - Rusting - of - Iron 1
Chem - Project - Rusting - of - Iron 1
PROJECT DONE BY
NAME: T Sudhasathvik Reddy
ROLL NO:
CLASS : XII
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that T Sudhasathvik Reddy
CHEMISTRY student of class XII of NARAYANA E-
TECHNO SCHOOL, HULIMAVU, BANNERGHATTA
ROAD , BANGALORE... has successfully completed the
investigatory project entitled:
Date:
Place:
Signature Signature Signature
Institute Stamp
WHAT IS RUST?
Most of us know rust as a reddish-brown flaky coat on metal and think nothing more of it,
however rust is the term commonly used for the corrosion and oxidation of iron and its
alloys, such as steel. Technically rust is Hydrated Iron (III) Oxide, also known as iron oxide
(Fe²O³), as it is caused when iron reacts with oxygen and water - this reaction is known as
oxidizing. If a piece of iron is left long enough, with exposure to water and oxygen, its
rusting is inevitable - it could take days, weeks, months, or even years depending of the
intensity of its exposure, however it will rust if it is not protected in any way. Rust is very
common, as iron reacts easily with oxygen.
The reaction of the rusting of iron involves an increase in the oxidation state of iron,
accompanied by a loss of electrons. Rust is mostly made up of two different oxides of iron
that vary in the oxidation state of the iron atom. These oxides are:
1. Iron (II) oxide or ferrous oxide. The oxidation state of iron in this compound is +2 and
its chemical formula is Fego.
2. Iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide, where the iron atom exhibits an oxidation state of +3. The
chemical formula of this compound is Fe2O3.
Oxygen is a very good oxidizing agent whereas iron is a reducing agent. Therefore, the iron
atom readily gives up electrons when exposed to oxygen. The chemical reaction is given by:
Fe → Fe2+ + 2e–
The oxidation state of iron is further increased by the oxygen atom when water is present.
4Fe2+ + O2 → 4Fe3+ + 2O2-
Now, the following acid-base reactions occur between the iron cations and the water molecules.
Fe2+ + 2H2O ⇌ Fe(OH)2 + 2H+
One similarity between all the chemical reactions listed above is that all of them are dependent
on the presence of water and oxygen. Therefore, the rusting of iron can be controlled by limiting
the amount of oxygen and water surrounding the metal.
1. Use an Alloy: The use of alloys, like stainless steel, is one of the most
common ways to prevent rust, or slow it down. Stainless steel isn’t suitable or
economical for all applications, but it will work for many.
2. Apply Oil: A coating of oil will help to prevent rust or slow it down, since it
inhibits moisture from reaching the iron in the metal. However, an oily
surface might be problematic for some tools or machines and poses
environmental and human health concerns.
4. Paint the Metal: A good quality paint will slow down rusting by preventing
moisture from reaching the metal.
Stainless steel
Aluminium metal
Copper, br0nze or brass
Galvanized steel
GALVANIZATION
CATHODIC PROTECTION
Cathodic protection is a method for preventing corrosion on submerged
and underground metallic structures.
EXPERIMENT
AIM:
Materials required:
Apparatus: Beakers-15, Iron sheets of 2# size-6, Aluminium
rods of 2# size-6, Brass rods of 2# size-6, Zinc sheets of 2#
size-6, Measuring cylinders, Chemical Balance, Weight Box.
THEORY:
PROCEDURE:
(i)Mix 9 ml. of conc. HCl with 241 ml. of water to form
250 ml. of solution.
(ii) Take this solution in seven different beakers.
(iii) Mark each beaker serially from 1 to 7.
(iv) Take the weights of three iron sheets, three
aluminium rods, three brass rods and three zinc sheets.
v) Now keep iron sheets, aluminium rods, zinc sheets
and brass rod in separate beakers.
vi) Then take iron + brass, iron + aluminium, iron +
zinc, aluminium + zinc and brass + zinc and keep them
in different beakers.
(vii) Allow the reactions to occur for 24 hours.
(viii) Note the maximum and minimum temperatures.
(ix) Now at the end of reaction take out the metals and
keep them in sun for sometime so that they get dried up
quickly
(x) Take the weights of each specimen and note the
difference.
(xi) Similarly repeat 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 steps in a basic
solution. Observations:
OBSERVATION:
Results:
1. The rate of corrosion observed in acidic medium or
the mass consumed during the corrosion is in the
decreasing order from brass to aluminum. Brass has the
highest
corrosion rate while aluminium has the least corrosion
rate. Brass > Iron > Zinc > Aluminium
2. When coupling of these metals was done each couple
showed some difference in their corrosion with respect
to each metal kept alone. Iron + Aluminium couple has
the highest rate of corrosion while iron +Zinc couple
has the lowest rate of corrosion. Rate of corrosion of
each couple is in the order of Iron + Aluminium > Brass
+ Zinc> Iron + Zinc
Links:
(i) https://www.meritnation.com/icse-class-6/77
(ii) https://byjus.com/
(iii) https://www.vedantu.com