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Phy Project
Phy Project
VELAPPANCHAVADI ,CHENNAI
A PROJECT REPORT ON
To find the refractive indexes of (a)water (b) oil using a plane mirror, an
equiconvex lens, and an adjustable object needle.
Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Mrs.RANI THOMAS and our Physics faculties Mr. CHANAKYA for their
guidance and support in completing my project. Also I thank Mr. SURENDHAR (Junior
Lecturer) for her timely help and encouragement for the successful completion of the
project. Finally I thank all the facilitators who have provided all the facilities required.
V LOKKESH
XII
INDEX
Acknowledgement
Objective And Apparatus
Diagram
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Calculations
Results
Precautions
Sources Of Errors
OBJECTIVE:
To find the refractive indexes of (a)water (b) oil
using a plane mirror, an equiconvex lens, and an
adjustable object needle.
APPARATUS:
A convex lens, a plane mirror, water, oil, clamp,
stand, an optical needle, plumb line, knitting
needle, half meter scale, glass slab, a spherometer.
DIAGRAM:
Fig: Focal length of glass convex les and liquid lens combination
THEORY:
1. If f1 and f2 be the focal length of the glass
convex lens and liquid lens and f be the focal
length of their combination then:-
1 1+ 1 f f2
f =f 1 f 2 or f2 = f 1−f
1 1
=( n−1 ) ⌊ R 1 − ∞ ⌋
1
= (n-1) ⌊ R −0 ⌋
1
f2
= n−1
R
R
n= f 2
+1
Where n=Refractive index of the liquid
R=The radius of the curvature of the convex
lens.
PROCEDURE:
(a) For focal length of convex lens:
1.Find the rough focal length of the convex
lens.
2.Place a plane mirror on the horizontal base
of the iron stand and then a convex lens on
the plane mirror.
3.Hold the needle in the clamp stand and
adjust its position on the stand such that
there is no parallax between tip of the needle
and its image.
4.Measure distance between tip and upper
surface of the lens by using a plumb line and
half meter scale. Also measure the distance
between tip of needle and upper surface of
the mirror. Take the mean of the two
readings. This mean distance will be equal to
the focal length of the convex lens(f1).
OBSERVATIONS:
1.Rough focal length of convex lens= 21cm
CALCULATION:
l 1+ l 2 l 3
(i) l=
3 =………..cm
l2 h
(ii) R=
6h 2
+ = ………..cm
ff
(iii) f 2= 1
f −f 1 = ……….cm(water)
= ………cm(transparent
liquid)
R
(iv) n=1+
f2 = ……….cm(water)
= …………cm(transparent
liquid)
RESULTS:
1. The refractive index of water n =
w
PRECAUTIONS: