ELECTRICAL SYSTEM MEASUREMENT AND

TESTING

(BBJ 10305)

FPTV, UTHM
SERIES CIRCUIT
Resistors in series
Examples of series circuits
Example of series circuit
1. Current In A Series Circuit
2. Total resistance in series circuit
Series resistance formula
RT = R1 + R2 + R3+……….+ Rn

• determine RT for circuit below

Ohm’s Law In Series Circuits

Find the current in the circuit below.

Exercise
Calculate the voltage
across each resistor
and find the value of
Vs.
3. Voltage Dividers
Determine the
voltages between the
following points in
the voltage divider in
the figure :

(a) A to B
(b) A to C
(c) B to C
(d) B to D
(e) C to D
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Resistors In Parallel
Identifying Parallel Circuit
1. Voltage Drop In Parallel Circuits

The same voltage appears across each resistor in parallel

Example
• Determine the voltage across each resistor in Figure below
2. Kirchhoff’s Current Law
• IT = I1 + I2 + I3
Example
Determine the total current
Exercise
• Determine the current I2 through R2 in Figure below
3. Total Parallel Resistance
1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 +….+1/Rn
Example
• Calculate the total parallel resistance between points A and B of the
circuit
The Case of Two Resistor In Parallel

Calculate the total resistance connected to the voltage source of the

circuit.

Ans : 222Ω
Example
• Find the total current produced by the battery
Exercise
• Determine the current through each resistor in the parallel circuit of
Figure
Example

Find the voltage Vs across the parallel circuit

Current-Divider Formulas for Two Branches
The current-divider formulas for two branches
are the following:

I1 = (R2 / R1 + R2) IT

I2 = (R1 / R1 + R2) IT
Example

Find I1 and I2
General Current-Divider Formula for Any
Number of Parallel Branches

Ix = (RT / Rx) IT
Example
• Determine the current through each resistor in the circuit below

First calculate the total parallel resistance.

RT = 1 / (1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3)

= 1 / (1/680Ω + 1/330Ω + 1/220Ω)
= 111Ω

The total current is 10A. Use below to calculate each branch

current.

I1 = (RT / R1) IT = (111Ω / 680Ω) 10A = 1.63A

I2 = (RT / R2) IT = (111Ω / 330Ω) 10A = 3.36A
I3 = (RT / R3) IT = (111Ω / 220Ω) 10A = 5.05A
THANK
YOU