FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

CEXC - AFGHANISTAN

CONTROLLED and LIMITED Distribution

SENSITIVE MATERIALS
This pamphlet is specifically designed to augment and technically
Compliment daily briefs for leaders, in order to enhance and better
Prepare soldiers, sailors and airmen to conduct their mission. The
Materials in this pamphlet is sensitive and requires safeguarding

IED SMART BOOK

1st Edition

Current as of:
FOR
FOR OFFICAL
OFFICAL USE
USE ONLY
ONLY 13 SEP 06
 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY PAGE 02

Purpose
This Reference guide was made for the ease of identifying
specific Improved Explosive Devices (IED) being used in the
Afghanistan theater
1 Caution 1
Unqualified individuals tampering with a suspected or known
IED could result in death. Please contact qualified personnel
to conduct render safe procedures (RSP) on the suspected
device.

FOR
FOR OFFICAL
OFFICAL USE
USE ONLY
ONLY
 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
PAGE 03

Table of Contents
REMOTE CONTROLLED IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (RCIED) TIMERS
Timer
0MOD 1 – Page 04 0 Mechanical – Page 19
0MOD 2 – Page 05 0 Electronic – Page 19
Dual Tone Multi Frequency 0MOD 3 – Page 06
Devices (DTMF) VEHICLE BORNE IMPROVISED EXPLSOIVE DEVICES
0MOD 4 – Page 07
0 Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Device (VBIED)– Page 20
0MOD 5 – Page 08
0 Suicide Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Device (SVBIED) – Page 21
0Plug-in DTMF – Page 09
0Wireless Doorbell – Page 10 MISC. IEDs
0Keyless Entry System (KES) – Page 11 Suicide Vest – Page 22
0Personal Mobile Radio (PMR) – Page 12 0 Command Wire – Page 23
0 Remote Controlled FOB Trigger (RFT) – Page 13 0Limpet – Page 24
0Long Range Cordless Telephone (LRCT) – Page 14
0Cellular Phone - 15 IED Building Materials
VICTIM OPERATED IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (VOIED) (Items of Intelligence)

0Pressure Plate – Page 16 0 Excessive Electronic Building Materials – Page 25

0Photo Cells – Page 17 0Common Munitions – 26-28

0Collapsing Circuit – Page 18 0 Documents and Diagrams – Page 29

FOR
FOR OFFICAL
OFFICAL USE
USE ONLY
ONLY
 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

DTMF MOD 1 - RCIED PAGE 04

MOD 1 Housed in light ballast box

MOD 1 Housed in Doorbell Description

01st modification utilizing Dual Tone

Multi Frequency (DTMF)

02 Separate boards: Receiver and

Decoder

0Typically Separated by a piece of

non conductive materiel , i.e.
cardboard and held together with
elastic band(s)

0Usually 3-4 DTMF codes used to

MOD 1 Housed in imitation security system
Frequency and
Firing Code under
initiate device
commercial label
0Typically housed in a ballast box,
Decoder Board Receiver Board doorbell housing, black box (as seen in
photos)
Characteristics
0 Capability of having two separate
Frequency and
Firing Code under
outputs (Not seen since 04)
commercial label
0Dimensions: (Approx)
0Receiver: 6.0cm (L)
power Inputs/Outputs and
Antenna 3.5cm (W)
0Decoder: 7.0 cm (L)
4.0 cm (W)
FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY
 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

DTMF MOD 2 - RCIED PAGE 05

Housed in Toyota Diesel Timer Box Description

Description: Inside of housing box

Firing Code
Safe to Arm LED
02nd modification utilizing Dual
Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF)

0Consists of one Printed Circuit

Board (PCB) where the DTMF and RF
are combined

Firing Code

Characteristics Receiver Board Decoder Board

Top View
0Typically 2-4 DTMF codes used to MOD 2 housed in “Toshiba” box
initiate

Frequency and
Firing Code under
commercial label 0Side by side board concept

0Dimensions: (Approx)
Circuit Board 7.8 cm (L)
7.0 cm (W)

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

DTMF MOD 3 - RCIED PAGE 06

Top and Side view Description

0Two Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) where the DTMF board is sitting on top of the RF board
separated by metal standoffs
0Utilizes microprocessor and surface mount technology in addition to an internal timer
and a power saving mode

Shrink wrapped Characteristics

0First DTMF code must be entered for a minimum of 5 seconds to exit it out of the power
save mode
0Typically 2-4 DTMF codes are used to initiate this device
Frequency and
Firing Code
0Dimensions: (Approx) Receiver and Decoder board: 7.5 cm (L) x 5 cm (W)

Inside view of circuit board Side View displaying LEDs MOD 3 housing (Soap box dishes) with Frequency

Safe to Arm LEDs

Safe to Arm LED

Frequency and
Firing Code

Professionally Stamped
circuit board
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 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

DTMF MOD 4 - RCIED PAGE 07

Front View Sometimes found with Desiccant Front View – Displaying all LEDs

Power out Power in

Inside View Safe to Arm LEDs

Description
Capacitor
Safe to Arm LEDs 0Large capacitor in series with the input power and 4 LEDs on the front panel

0Consists of one Printed Circuit Board (PCB) where the DTMF and RF boards
are connected

0The Mod 4s utilizes a power saving mode Safe to Arm (STA) is embedded in a
timer IC

Characteristics

Decoder Board Receiver Board

0Typically 2-4 DTMF codes used to initiate
0Dimensions: (Approx) Decoder and receiver board: 10.0 cm (L) x 5.0 cm (W)

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

DTMF MOD 5 - RCIED PAGE 08

Typical disguised housing

Description Overview
“12 Volt Power Supply”

0Matsuchita Power Supply sticker

Colors seen: Blue, Green, and Purple
Frequency and
LED view hole
0Consists of two Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs); Firing Code under
commercial label
a DTMF board and RF board

0The Mod 5s utilize microprocessor technology

Safe to Arm (STA) is embedded in the
microprocessor, no bypass is available
Inside View
Antenna
0Most common type of DTMF device being used
in the AFG theater
Housed in Commercial “Toshiba” heater timer box

Characteristics RF Shield over

Receiver

015 minute STA (Safe-to-Arm) time Inside View of Decoder board

0Typically 2-4 DTMF codes used to initiate device Tri-state LED SCR

0First DTMF code must be transmitted for a

minimum of 5 seconds before second code can be
transmitted
0Dimensions: (Approx)
Receiver: 7.0 cm (L) x 4.0 cm (W)
Decoder: 6.5 cm (L) x 4.5 cm (W)

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY PIC (Programmerable Intergraded Circuit)

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

PLUG IN DTMF - RCIED PAGE 09

Over view of whole “plug” in system Overview of whole system

Description

0These Plug-In devices utilize

Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF)

0The tape wound and Epoxy

protection are the most commonly
seen housing
9 V Battery
Connector
0Consists of one Printed Circuit
9V battery Board (PCB)
connector Stereo Input Jack to
RF Receiver 0Safe to Arm (STA) is embedded
in a timer or microprocessor IC, no
bypass is available
Plug in decoder with firing code on the outside

Characteristics
2 Digit DTMF code

0Typically 2-6 DTMF codes used to

initiate

0All IC’s identification are

Firing Code scratched or blacked out
Power out

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 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

WIRELESS DOOR BELL - RCIED PAGE 10

Wireless Doorbell in original packages with Corsta brand Wireless doorbell with
modification modification
Description

Receiver
0A wireless doorbell modified to
reroute power to initiate the main
charge
0Multiple brands used in these
type of IED triggers

Modification
Remote

Characteristics

Qaiohua brand Wireless Doorbell Two unmodified doorbells

0Limited range approx range
100m

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 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

REMOTE VEHICLE DEVICES - RCIED PAGE 11

Top View – Unmodified System with two keychain systems Keychain transmitter Anti Theft System with 2 remote controls

Anti Theft system recovered intact with batteries

Description
0A commercial system modified to be used as an IED
D Cell batteries
0The sensitive motion detection can turn this RCIED into a VOIED

Characteristics

0Usually comes with two handheld transmitters

0 Not very common in the AFG theater

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

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REMOTE CONTROL FOB TRIGGER (RFT) - RCIED PAGE 12

Receiver board used in device Transceiver - Inside of device

Trigger

Receiver Board
Antenna

Maker trying to cover

identifying marks Power Out

Power In
Maker trying to cover
identifying marks
Description
Transceiver with 3 separate devices
0Newly introduced RCIED 4 Separate Command functions

Characteristics

0Transmitter can initiate up to 3 separate devices

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PMR (Personal Mobile Radio) - RCIED PAGE 13

Sample of some of the PMRs being used Inside view Overview of PMR with batteries and antenna

Modification

Description

0Hand held walkie type RC device modified to be used in an IED attack

0New to the AFG theater (06’)

Characteristics
D cell batteries

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

LONG RANGE CORDLESS TELEPHONE (LRCT) - RCIED PAGE 14

Rear View Description LRCT Base station

0Used as a home phone with a

long range
0 Typically comes with a base
station and two hand sets
Front view
0 Hand sets will not be recovered
most of the time Added relay
modification
0 Comes in three main models:
0Senao-258
Missing call button
0Senao-368
0Nokiia (imitation) Relay

Characteristics
Hand sets

0Typical Dimensions: (Approx.)

13 cm (L) x 9 cm (W)
0 Heavily wrapped in tape
0 Inside is modified with a relay
Heavily wrapped in
tape

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 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Cellular Phone PAGE 15

Front View Description Rear View

0Cell Phones will be modified

0Possibly have wiring to a relay or
external battery

Relay with external battery

connectors attached to CELL
Phone

Modification (wires connected to

vibrator motor

Relay

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

PRESSURE PLATE IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE - PPIED PAGE 16

Pressure switch Description

0Simple design; works when the two contacts are pressed together
0Most common type of Victim Operated Improvised Explosive Device (VOIED)
0Usually wrapped in rubber inner tubes to keep debris from stopping plates from making contact
0Can also be combined with a DTMF MOD device to increase its targeting ability
Pressure switch

Characteristics

0Only limited to supplies available to bomb maker

0 Targets indiscriminately
0Pressure Plates are commonly used with saw blades

Pressure Plate side view Pressure switch housed in MRE box

Saw Blade

Two pieces of metal

used to close circuit

Pressure
switches

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

PHOTO CELLS - VOIED PAGE 17

Improvised Photo Cells Description “Philaps”” Insta lite

0Light sensitive device

Photo Cells
0Initiated by the presence or
absence of light
0Used as an anti-tamper device
0Can be used in firing rockets at
dusk or dawn

“Crown”
Characteristics

Overview of Photo Cells

0Not typical in the AFG theater
0Is used to target first responders 9V Snap connectors

0Can be used in conjunction with

a relay
0Packaging may have
misspellings

Inside View

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

COLLAPSING CIRCUIT - VOIED PAGE 18

Overview of recovered Collapsing Circuit Description

0A simple electronic circuit switch that provides power when a loop of wire
is cut or broken.
0Target persons interfering with an IED

0Not commonly seen in the AFG theater

Characteristics
0There are 3 sets of leads:
- Input power
- Real output
- The loop which the bomber intends to be broken
Close up of board
0The loop might be configured to look like it was a connection to a battery,
a detonator and a receiver
SCR
0The victim would cut the item out of the circuit causing power to transfer
to the output which would initiate the genuine electric detonator

LED

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

TIMERS PAGE 19

Timer, modified “Casio” watch Description Loop Timer

0Delay can be anywhere from

minutes to months
LED view hole Cut loop
Delay up to 24 hrs
0Types used:
- Electronic and mechanical
0Can be used to provide as a STA
(Safe-to-Arm) for another device

Numbers correlate
with # of Hrs
Characteristics
Numbers correlate
with # of Hrs
0“Mosque” Clock tend to be
typical Timer seen in AFG Mosque Clock
“Casio” Diary Timer

0Generally used against static

targets

Delay: hrs, days, 0With the right modifications any

weeks, or months clock can be used to become a
Timer used in a attack

Inside Modified with

relay

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

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VEHICLE BORNE IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE - VBIED PAGE 20

120mm Projectiles lined with detonation cord Disguised motorcycle set up to be used in roadside attack

120 mm projectiles used as main

charge Modification to house main charge Military grade ordnance

Modified Fuel Tank Description

0Used in attacks on compounds and known routes of travel

0Used in attack by means of RC (Radio Controlled) device

Characteristics

0Unattended
0Rear will look to be weighed down

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

SUICIDE VEHICLE BORNE IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE - SVBIED PAGE 21

Driver Side door with arming switch

Rickshaw Cart made to be used in SVBIED attack
Description
0 Vehicle with a large load of HME
or Military grade ordnance
(8-12 projectiles)
0 Driver dictates when attack will
occur by means of a firing switch co-
located with the driver

Characteristics Arming switch

0Unpredictable
0Usually young male driver
0Automobiles most commonly
used: Explosive packed in driver's side door
Front of SVBIED
-Toyota Corolla
- Toyota Corolla Taxi
0Usually travel in opposite
direction of Target
Pressure Plate on 0Occur more often then VBIEDs
Front Bumper

Russian TNT

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

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SUICIDE VEST IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE - SVIED PAGE 22

Suicide Vest Description Explosive filler – C4 like explosive

0Strapped on bomber
0Unpredictable
0Vest are usually homemade with several
slots to hold explosive
0Ball bearings commonly used to add a Detonation
fragmentation effect to cause mass Cord
casualties

Characteristics
Suicide Vest

0Usually young male

0Not the most common type of attack but
threat always exist
0A moldable type of explosive is preferred
0A “rocker” type switch is used to initiate
the explosives
0Targeting soft targets, i.e. crowds of Added Ball
Bearings for
people frag effect

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

COMMAND WIRE IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE – CWIED PAGE 23

Description Concealed Wire to target area

0Buried slightly below the surface to aid in the concealment of the wire
0 Bomber has to be present during attack

Characteristics

0Require power source sufficient enough to supply enough current to function

device
0Some considerations for power source: length and or thickness

Wire and 12volt car battery Rocker Switch

Copper Wire White Wire

9volt battery connector with slide switch

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

LIMPET PAGE 24

Rear View
Description
0 Generally magnetically attached to target, generally timer being used to initiate device
0Also has the capability to be initiated by Radio controlled device/trigger
Magnet
0Target unaware of attached IED

Characteristics

0Dimensions vary, usually hand held

0Any type of explosive can be used

Improvised Limpet Underside of recovered Limpet

Magnets

Explosive

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Excessive Electronic Building Materials PAGE 25

Components
Testing Lights

Battery Holder

Batteries in Bulk

Ball Bearings Soldering Iron

Battery
FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY Connectors
 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Common Munitions PAGE 26

TC-6 Italian Anti-tank Mine Artillery Projectile (122mm) Primed Mortar Bomb
primed with boosters

Detonators
Wabox Nitroglycerine
Commercial Explosive

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Common Munitions (Continued) PAGE 27

Bulk Explosives

Bulk Explosives In Transport

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Common Munitions (Continued) PAGE 28

Cast explosive broken into Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrate and

pieces and found inside Sodium Nitrate
sealed fertilizer bags

75% RDX and 15% TNT

(Equal to Composition B) Nickelouse Carbonate
Possible propellant found inside
Nickel Carbonate
sealed fertilizer bags

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY

 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Documents and Diagrams PAGE 29

Real SCR found

With document

Mortar & Rocket Calculations Silicon Control

Rectifier
(electronic switch)

9 volt battery

Detonator
Timer

FOR OFFICAL USE ONLY