Fermi-Dirac Statistics (FD-Statistics)

FD-Statistics system of indistinguishable particles of odd half-integral spins (Fermions)

Fermions Obey Pauli exclusion principle Only one particle in an energy state

If jparticles (Fermions) are to be arranged in j energy states, there are…..

j possible locations for the 1st particle
j possible locations for the 2nd particle
j possible locations for the 3rd particle

j j possible locations for the j (last)

th particle

Total possible sequences in which j particles could be distributed in the j states are
j j j j
 j j j j
…………( )( )!
j ( )!
!
j ( )!
Shuffling of j particles, generates j equences
representing the same microstate for indistinguishable
particles.
Total number of sequences representing the microstates of
a fermionic system are If a=b, both the above
arrangements are the same
!
j ! ! j
(1) (2) (3)
Example: j and j o o
!
j o o
! !
o o
If a level is non-degenerate, i.e., j j j
j

! j j
𝑗 ! ! ×
If a level J is unoccupied, i.e., Nj=0
! !
𝑗 ! ! !×

In a multilevel system, for each of the possible distribution in any level, there
is any one of the possible distributions in the other levels. The total number
of possible distribution or thermodynamic probability of a microstate in FD-
statistics is
k j
!
k ! !
Example:
for J=1, let N1=1 and g1=2
For j=2, let N2=2 and g2=3
! !
k ! ! ! !
! !
k ! ! ( )! !
k
Example: j

!
ωk FD =
! !
3! 3! 3!
ω1 = × ×
3 − 3 ! 3! (3 − 2)! 2! (3 − 1)! 1!
6 6 6
ω1 = × ×
1×6 1×2 2×1
ω1 = 1 × 3 × 3
ω1 = 9
Ω=∑ 𝜔
Ω = 9+1+27+9+27=73

∑ × × × × ×