N Makhra The Articulation Point

O j
1 ‫أ‬ from the deepest part of the throat which is the furthest away from the mouth and the closest to the chest,
Hamzah

2 ‫ب‬ Closing the two lips together.

3 ‫ت‬ from the top side of the tip of the tongue and the gums of the front two upper incisors,

4 ‫ث‬ from the tip of the tongue and the bottom edge of the front two upper incisors.

5 ‫ج‬ from the middle of the tongue and what lies opposite, which is the roof of the mouth

6 ‫ح‬ from the middle part of the throat which lies half way in between the beginning and the end of the throat.

7 ‫خ‬ from the closest part of the throat which is the beginning of the throat, or the closest to the mouth.
The back of the tongue is raised towards the upper palate
8 ‫د‬ from the top side of the tip of the tongue and the gums of the front two upper incisors,

9 ‫ذ‬ from the tip of the tongue and the bottom edge of the front two upper incisors.

10 ‫ر‬ from the tip of the tongue and the hard palate close to the gums of the front two upper incisors.
(Heavy) To pronounce the heavy Ra, the reciter should raise the back of the tongue towards the upper palate.

11 ‫ر‬ from the tip of the tongue and the hard palate close to the gums of the front two upper incisors.
(Light) To pronounce the light Lam, the reciter should not raise the back of the tongue towards the upper palate.
12 ‫ز‬ from the tip of the tongue and the edge of the front two lower incisors. A whistle sound should be heard when
pronouncing these letters.
13 ‫س‬ from the tip of the tongue and the edge of the front two lower incisors. A whistle sound should be heard when
pronouncing these letters.
14 ‫ش‬ from the middle of the tongue and what lies opposite, which is the roof of the mouth

15 ‫ص‬ from the tip of the tongue and the edge of the front two lower incisors. A whistle sound should be heard when
pronouncing these letters.
The back of the tongue is raised towards the upper palate to pronounce ‫ص‬
16 ‫ض‬ from one or both back sides of the tongue touching the molars and the gum area next to the molars.
The back of the tongue is raised towards the upper palate.
17 ‫ط‬ from the top side of the tip of the tongue and the gums of the front two upper incisor.
The back of the tongue is raised towards the upper palate to pronounce ‫ط‬
18 ‫ظ‬ from the tip of the tongue and the bottom edge of the front two upper incisors.
The back of the tongue is raised towards the upper palate to pronounce ‫ظ‬
19 ‫ع‬ from the middle part of the throat which lies half way in between the beginning and the end of the throat.
20 ‫غ‬ from the closest part of the throat which is the beginning of the throat, or the closest to the mouth.
 The back of the tongue is raised towards the upper palate.
21 ‫ف‬ The bottom edge of the front two upper incisors touches the inner bottom lip.
22 ‫ق‬ from the deepest part of the tongue and what lies opposite, which is the roof of the mouth in the area of the soft
palate. The back of the tongue is raised towards the upper palate.
23 ‫ك‬ from the deepest part of the tongue and what lies opposite, which is the roof of the mouth in the area of the hard
palate. This letter is closer to the mouth than the ijis
24 ‫ل‬ from the front sides and the tip of the tongue touching what lies opposite to them,
25 ‫هلل‬ To pronounce the heavy Lam, the reciter should raise the back of the tongue towards the upper palate.
Fathah or
dhommah on
the letter
before lam
26 ‫هللا‬ To pronounce the light Lam, the reciter should not raise the back of the tongue towards the upper palate.
Kasrah on the
letter before
lam
27 ‫م‬ Closing the two lips together.
28 ‫ن‬ from the tip of the tongue and the gums of the front two upper incisors
29 ‫ه‬ from the deepest part of the throat which is the furthest away from the mouth and the closest to the chest,
30 ‫و‬ Circling of the two lips without meeting completely.
31 ‫َو‬ Waw sakinah with fathah on the letter before it.
waa preceded
by fathah
32 ‫و‬ Waaw Sakinah preceded by a Dhammah
Waw Madd The empty space in the mouth and throat is a major area and an articulation point at the same time.
When pronouncing the Waaw, the sound should be straight (neither falling nor rising), in addition to circling of
the lips.
33 ‫ي‬ from the middle of the tongue and what lies opposite, which is the roof of the mouth
34 ‫َي‬ Yaa sakinah with fathah on the letter before it.
Yaa preceded
by fathah
35 ‫ي‬ Yaa Sakinah preceded by a Kasrah
Yaa Madd The empty space in the mouth and throat is a major area and an articulation point at the same time.
When pronouncing the Yaa, the sound should be falling, in addition to raising of the middle part of the tongue.
36 ‫َا‬ Alif preceded by a Fathah.
Alif Madd The empty space in the mouth and throat is a major area and an articulation point at the same time.
When pronouncing the Alif, the sound should be rising. If the Alif is preceded by a heavy letter, the Alif should be
heavy, whilst if preceded by a light letter, it will be light.