Indonesia’s first president—was instrumental in Suharto’s fall from power in 1998.

DR. Noerhadi Magetsari, yang menggantikan Dra. Soemartini sebagai kepala Arsip
Nasional tahun 1991 hingga tahun 1998.
tersebut Arsip Nasional RI disingkat dengan ANRI. Perubahan yang cukup mencolok
adalah pengembangan struktur organisasi dengan
whose cancer cells were taken, without her knowledge, for medical testing — and
without whom we wouldn’t have many of the critical cures we depend upon today.
In June 2022 Britain celebrated Elizabeth’s 70 years on the throne with the
“Platinum Jubilee,” a four-day national holiday that included the Trooping the
Colour ceremony, a thanksgiving service at St. Paul’s Cathedral, a pop music
concert at Buckingham Palace, and a pageant that employed street arts, theatre,
music, circus, carnival, and costume to honour the queen’s reign. Health issues
limited Elizabeth’s involvement. Concerns about the queen’s health also led to a
break in tradition when, in September, she appointed Boris Johnson’s replacement as
prime minister, Liz Truss, at Balmoral rather than at Buckingham Palace, where she
had formally appointed more than a dozen prime ministers.
ada masa pergerakan nasionalisme kebangsaan di Indonesia, terutama pada tahun 1926-
1929, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda berusaha menangkis dan menolak tuntutan Indonesia
Merdeka.
completely changed the trajectory of modern medicine. Rebecca Skloot skillfully
commemorates the previously unknown life of a poor black woman
In August 2017 Prince Philip officially retired from public life, though he
periodically appeared at official engagements after that. In the meantime,
Elizabeth began to reduce her own official engagements, passing some duties on to
Prince Charles and other senior members of the royal family, though the pool of
stand-ins shrank when Charles’s younger son, Prince Harry, duke of Sussex, and his
wife, Meghan, duchess of Sussex, controversially chose to give up their royal roles
in March 2020. During this period, public interest in the queen and the royal
family grew as a result of the widespread popularity of The Crown, a Netflix
television series about the Windsors that debuted in 2016. Having dealt with
several physical setbacks in recent years, Philip, who had been Elizabeth’s husband
for more than seven decades, died in April 2021. On their 50th wedding anniversary,
in 1997, Elizabeth had said of Philip, “He has, quite simply, been my strength and
stay all these years.” Because of social-distancing protocols brought about by the
COVID-19 pandemic, the queen sat alone in a choir stall in St. George’s Chapel (in
Windsor Castle) at Philip’s funeral. The widely disseminated images of her tragic
isolation were heartbreaking but emblematic of the dignity and courage that she
brought to her reign.
When in 1537 Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son, Edward,
Elizabeth receded still further into relative obscurity, but she was not neglected.
Despite his capacity for monstrous cruelty, Henry VIII treated all his children
with what contemporaries regarded as affection; Elizabeth was present at ceremonial
occasions and was declared third in line to the throne. She spent much of the time
with her half brother Edward and, from her 10th year onward, profited from the
loving attention of her stepmother, Catherine Parr, the king’s sixth and last wife.
Under a series of distinguished tutors, of whom the best known is the Cambridge
humanist Roger Ascham, Elizabeth received the rigorous education normally reserved
for male heirs, consisting of a course of studies centring on classical languages,
history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy. “Her mind has no womanly weakness,” Ascham
wrote with the unselfconscious sexism of the age, “her perseverance is equal to
that of a man, and her memory long keeps what it quickly picks up.” In addition to
Greek and Latin, she became fluent in French and Italian, attainments of which she
was proud and which were in later years to serve her well in the conduct of
diplomacy. Thus steeped in the secular learning of the Renaissance, the quick-
witted and intellectually serious princess also studied theology, imbibing the
tenets of English Protestantism in its formative period. Her association with the
Reformation is critically important, for it shaped the future course of the nation,
but it does not appear to have been a personal passion: observers noted the young
princess’s fascination more with languages than with religious dogma.
In June 2022 Britain celebrated Elizabeth’s 70 years on the throne with the
“Platinum Jubilee,” a four-day national holiday that included the Trooping the
Colour ceremony, a thanksgiving service at St. Paul’s Cathedral, a pop music
concert at Buckingham Palace, and a pageant that employed street arts, theatre,
music, circus, carnival, and costume to honour the queen’s reign. Health issues
limited Elizabeth’s involvement. Concerns about the queen’s health also led to a
break in tradition when, in September, she appointed Boris Johnson’s replacement as
prime minister, Liz Truss, at Balmoral rather than at Buckingham Palace, where she
had formally appointed more than a dozen prime ministers.
menggantikan Sriwijaya, sebelum kembali digantikan oleh Pagaruyung pada abad ke-14.
[41]
Moekhlis Paeni (mantan Deputi Konservasi ANRI dan mantan Kepala ANRI Wilayah Ujung
Pandang).Menurutnya, sejarah merupakan catatan dari apa yang telah dipikirkan,
diperbuat, dan dikatakan manusia.
the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of Parliament on November 4,
1952. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953.
sejarah merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari apa yang telah diperbuat atau dilakukan
oleh manusia.
was reelected mayor with more than 90 percent of the vote. He was later ranked as
the third best mayor in the world by the international City Mayors Foundation.
During his gubernatorial run in Jakarta in 2012, Jokowi began to be widely compared
in the media to U.S. President
istilah Kobunsjokan yang ditempatkan dibawah Bunkyokyoku. Sebagaimana pegawai-
pegawai Belanda lainnya,
Perubahan itu ditetapkan melalui Surat Keputusan Menteri nomor 130433/5, tanggal 24
Desember 1957.
In June 2022 Britain celebrated Elizabeth’s 70 years on the throne with the
“Platinum Jubilee,” a four-day national holiday that included the Trooping the
Colour ceremony, a thanksgiving service at St. Paul’s Cathedral, a pop music
concert at Buckingham Palace, and a pageant that employed street arts, theatre,
music, circus, carnival, and costume to honour the queen’s reign. Health issues
limited Elizabeth’s involvement. Concerns about the queen’s health also led to a
break in tradition when, in September, she appointed Boris Johnson’s replacement as
prime minister, Liz Truss, at Balmoral rather than at Buckingham Palace, where she
had formally appointed more than a dozen prime ministers.
Barack Obama, in part because there was a physical resemblance but also because
Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a charismatic nontraditional politician.
Jokowi ousted the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the second round of that election, and,
as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’ access
to health care and education.
Negara. Penetapan Arsip Nasional sebgai Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen diperkuat
melalui Surat Pimpinan MPRS No. A.9/1/24/MPRS/1967 yang
lbert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six
weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at
the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his
education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal
Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics.
In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he
was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant
in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor’s degree.
At the risk of sounding cliché, the best biographies do exactly this: bring their
subjects to life. A great biography isn’t just a laundry list of events that
happened to someone. Rather,
Keterangan dari arsip tersebut diperlukan untuk membebaskan diri dari tawanan
Jepang, jika mereka dapat menunjukkan bukti turunan orang Indonesia meski bukan
dari hasil pernikahan.
Jokowi applied himself at school and won admittance to Gadjah Mada University in
Yogyakarta, from which he graduated (1985) with a degree in forestry engineering.
For several years he worked for a state-owned pulp mill in the Aceh region of
sejarah akan menitikberatkan pada pencatatan-pencatatan yang berarti dan penting
bagi manusia.
In the 1980s and early ’90s the Indonesian Democratic Party rapidly expanded its
vote share by appealing to voters frustrated by apparent inequalities in
Indonesia’s social and economic structure. Because the party blamed the country’s
social ills on the governing regime, Suharto attempted to undermine it. When the
party selected Megawati as its leader, the government engineered her removal with
the aid of a faction opposed to her. Her dismissal precipitated mass protests and
violence in Jakarta, and Megawati and her supporters eventually established a new
political party, the PDI-P, to challenge the government.
Serikat (RIS) dan diakuinya kedaulatan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia oleh Belanda
pada akhir tahun 1949. Setelah itu lemb
Here’s another bio that will reshape your views of a famed historical tyrant,
though this time in a surprisingly favorable light. Decorated scholar Andrew
Roberts delves into the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, from his near-flawless military
instincts to his complex and confusing relationship with his wife. But Roberts’
attitude toward his subject is what really makes this work shine: rather than
ridiculing him (as it would undoubtedly be easy to do), he approaches the “petty
tyrant” with a healthy amount of deference.
Elizabeth’s early years were not auspicious. She was born at Greenwich Palace, the
daughter of the Tudor king Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Henry had
defied the pope and broken England from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church
in order to dissolve his marriage with his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, who had
borne him a daughter, Mary. Since the king ardently hoped that Anne Boleyn would
give birth to a male heir, regarded as key to stable dynastic succession, the birth
of a second daughter was a bitter disappointment that dangerously weakened the new
queen’s position. Before Elizabeth reached her third birthday, her father had her
mother beheaded on charges of adultery and treason. Moreover, at Henry’s
instigation, an act of Parliament declared his marriage with Anne Boleyn invalid
from the beginning, thus making their daughter Elizabeth illegitimate, as Roman
Catholics had all along claimed her to be. (Apparently, the king was undeterred by
the logical inconsistency of simultaneously invalidating the marriage and accusing
his wife of adultery.) The emotional impact of these events on the little girl, who
had been brought up from infancy in a separate household at Hatfield, is not known;
presumably, no one thought it worth recording. What was noted was her precocious
seriousness; at six years old, it was admiringly observed, she had as much gravity
as if she had been 40.
Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan, political party in Indonesia formed in 1973 through
the forced merger of five non-Islamic political parties. In the final three decades
of the 20th century, it was one of two opposition parties officially recognized by
the government. Although it often was supportive of the policies of President
Suharto, its antigovernment faction—led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of
Sukarno,
karena berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden 228/1967 tanggal 2 Desember1967, Arsip
Nasional ditetapkan sebagai Lembaga Pemerintah
After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement,
he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he
collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem.
Barack Obama, in part because there was a physical resemblance but also because
Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a charismatic nontraditional politician.
Jokowi ousted the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the second round of that election, and,
as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’ access
to health care and education.
From the origins and development of its individual elements (energy, mass, and
light) to their ramific
sejarah akan menitikberatkan pada pencatatan-pencatatan yang berarti dan penting
bagi manusia.
Serikat (RIS) dan diakuinya kedaulatan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia oleh Belanda
pada akhir tahun 1949. Setelah itu lemb
This “biography of the world’s most famous equation” is a one-of-a-kind take on the
genre: rather than being the story of Einstein, it really does follow the history
of the equation itself.
berdasarkan luas wilayah.[catatan 3] Penduduk Inggris berjumlah sekitar 53 juta
jiwa, atau sekitar 84% dari total populasi Britania Raya, sebagian besarnya
terkonsentrasi di London, Inggris Tenggara, dan kawasan-kawasan konurbasi di
Midlands, Barat Laut, Timur Laut dan Yorkshire, masing-masing wilayah ini
dikembangkan sebagai daerah industri utama selama abad ke-19. Sedangkan kawasan
padang rumput terdapat di luar wilayah kota-kota besar.awalnya mengusulkan istilah
Indunesia dan Malayunesia untuk penduduk pulauan Hindia atau Kepulauan
Setelah Majapahit mengalami kejatuhan, kesultanan-kesultanan bercorak Islam berdiri
dan berkembang pesat di Nusantara, terutama di Jawa. Kesultanan pertama di Pulau
Jawa yang telah diakui secara luas adalah Demak dan Cirebon yang berdiri pada abad
ke-15.[55][56] Namun beberapa waktu ini, beberapa pakar menemukan sejumlah bukti
tentang kesultanan Islam yang lebih tua, yaitu Lumajang, yang diperkirakan berdiri
pada akhir abad ke-13.[57] Setelah itu,
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
Serikat (RIS) dan diakuinya kedaulatan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia oleh Belanda
pada akhir tahun 1949. Setelah itu lemb
Barack Obama, in part because there was a physical resemblance but also because
Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a charismatic nontraditional politician.
Jokowi ousted the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the second round of that election, and,
as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’ access
to health care and education.
sangat terkenal dengan Sumpah Palapa yang berisi ikrar untuk menyatukan seluruh
wilayah Nusantara.[46] Majapahit pada masanya terkenal sebagai negara agraris dan
juga sebagai negara perdagangan yang mengatur aktivitas pelayaran dunia.[46]
20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as
among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct
investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that
emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land
reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures.
Tahun 1967 merupakan suatu periode yang sangat penting bagi Arsip Nasional,
Namun kebenaran tentang hal ini banyak diperdebatkan.[27]Di Pulau Jawa sendiri,
predikat kerajaan tertua di Pulau Jawa diduga dipegang oleh Salakanagara yang
berdiri pada abad ke-1 M di daerah sekitar Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Kerajaan ini
sendiri diperkirakan menjadi cikal bakal Tarumanagara yang berdiri pada tahun 358
Masehi. Keberadaan Salakanagara juga masih menjadi perdebatan di kalangan ahli
karena kurangnya bukti-bukti sejarah.[35]
peninggalan-peninggalan orang Belanda. Pada tahun 1940-1942 pemerintah Hindia
Belanda menerbitkan Arschief Ordonantie yang bertujuan menjamin keselamatan arsip-
arsip pemerintah Hindia Belanda,
adanya Deputi Pembinaan dan Deputi Konservasi, Pembentukan Unit Pelaksana Teknis
dan penggunaan istilah untuk Perwakilan Arsip
In the 1980s and early ’90s the Indonesian Democratic Party rapidly expanded its
vote share by appealing to voters frustrated by apparent inequalities in
Indonesia’s social and economic structure. Because the party blamed the country’s
social ills on the governing regime, Suharto attempted to undermine it. When the
party selected Megawati as its leader, the government engineered her removal with
the aid of a faction opposed to her. Her dismissal precipitated mass protests and
violence in Jakarta, and Megawati and her supporters eventually established a new
political party, the PDI-P, to challenge the government.