Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of

Engineering Sciences and Technology

Project ME-213
Name: Syed Hamza Ali
Reg No: 2021618
Section: B
 Problem Statement
Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown in Figure. 1.
Suppose that the concentrated load at “C” is equal to the last two digits of your Reg#---
(e.g., P=3kN if your Reg#202103). Moreover, determine maximum normal stress in cross-
sections a” and b” of the same beam as shown in Figure. 2, where a regular cross-section
is designed to resist a moment equal to your body weight. (e.g., M=75 Nm.). However,
two small ribs are further added at its bottom to increase the strength and rigidity of the
beam. Finally developed the same model in SolidWorks/ANSYS/ABAQUS and calculate the
same computationally for both cross-sections of Aluminium alloy.

Figure 1; Problem diagram

 Abstract

In this report, we will look upon a brief introduction about horizontal structural members,
their types and uses in the real-world engineering applications. Furthermore, a
computational and analytical analysis of the solution to the given problem will be discussed
extensively to have a deeper understanding of these horizontal structures.

Introduction

Beams are structural members supporting loads applied at various points along the member. Beams
are usually long, straight prismatic members. Steel and Aluminum beams play an important role in
both structural and mechanical engineering. In most cases, loads are perpendicular to the axis of the
beam. This transverse loading causes only bending and shear in the beam. When the loads are not at
right angle to the beam, they also produce axial forces in the beam. Beams are classified according
to the way they are supported.

Figure 2
Analytical Solution

Figure 3; Analytical solution complete

 Computational Solution

For the numerical solution of the given problem, the CAD modelling software, Solidworks,
was used.

Shear force and bending moment diagram

Figure 2; Shear Force diagram

Figure 3; Bending moment diagram

Rectangular and Ribbed cross sectioned bending stresses

Figure 4; Rectangular bending stress

Figure 5; Ribbed bending stress

Comparison

The values calculated analytically and computationally are very similar. Due to human error,
there was some error% in the analytical solution hence SOLDWORKS was very accurate.

Engineering Applications of Beams Based on Section Modulus

• From the definition of section modulus, a beam with higher section modulus is
stronger than a beam with lower section modulus. It is also often used to determine
the extreme fiber elastic stresses as well as the yield moment (My) of elastic sections
such that My=S×σy, where σy is the yield strength of the material. It is a commonly
used property in the design of flexural members of steel and timber sections.

• The elastic modulus is defined as S=I/y, where I is the second moment of inertia and
y is the distance from the neutral axis to any given fiber. It is often reported using
y=c, where c is the distance from the neutral axis to the most extreme fiber.

Two types of commonly used beams are I beams and T beams.

I beams are mainly used in the construction business as they are readily available in many
sizes and types. They can be used solely and with other composite materials. For other
references check I-beam - Wikipedia .
T beams are used for the same purpose, but they face more difficulty dealing with tensile
forces. For more information check https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-beam
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