For instructional purposes only • 1st Semester SY 2020-2021 25

Lesson 3.1: Type I

Lesson Summary
The transformation that will be done on the first type of trigonometric integral
that will be discussed will enable the use of the Power rule. Power rule is
defined in symbols as
+ =
+1
This lesson will present how to deal with each scenario when solving with this
type of indefinite integral.

Learning Outcomes
Solve Type I trigonometric integrals.

Motivation Question
How to solve trigonometric integrals that do not fit the forms discussed in this
lesson?

Discussion
When the given indefinite integral has the following form
sin cos
Where either one of and or both odd positive numbers

At one of the exponents is an odd number

There are two ways to evaluate this type of indefinite integral.

A. If is an odd positive number
Rewrite it as ′( ) where = cos and = sin
1. Isolate a sin . This will be paired with later to serve as in
( )

2. The remaining powers of sin is rewritten as

(sin )
This is so they can be conveniently converted to powers of cos
using the trigonometric identity, sin = 1 − cos .

3. Expand
(1 − cos )

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 26 ESci 113: Calculus for Engineers II

4. Distribute cos

B. If is an odd positive number

Rewrite the given indefinite integral as ′( ) where = sin and
= cos

1. Isolate a cos .

2. Rewrite the remaining powers of cos as

(cos )
Then convert to powers of cos using cos = 1 − sin .

3. Expand
(1 − sin )

4. Distribute sin

In both ways, the resulting form of the indefinite integral can be integrated
using the Power Rule. However, it depends on which exponent is an odd
number. Table 3.1 summarizes the guide on which method to use.

Table 1. Appropriate Method for each case of Type I Trigonometric Integrals

Method to use

Case 1 Odd Even A

Case 2 Even Odd B
Case 3 Odd Odd A, B

Example 3.1

Evaluate the indefinite integral

cos

Solution:
Separate one cos .

cos = cos cos

(cos ) cos

Using the trigonometric identity cos = 1 − sin

= (1 − sin ) cos

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Expand

= (1 − 2 sin + sin ) cos

Let
sin =

sin =

cos =
1
=
cos
Substitute and
1
= (1 − 2 + u ) cos
cos

= (1 − 2 + u )

Integrate using the Power Rule

1 1
= −2∙ u + u +
2 3

1
= −u + u +
3

Substitute back the value

1
sin cos = sin − sin + sin +
3

Example 3.2

Evaluate the indefinite integral

sin cos

Solution:
Separate one sin .

sin cos = (sin ) cos sin

= (1 − cos ) cos sin

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 28 ESci 113: Calculus for Engineers II

= (cos − cos ) sin

= (cos ) − (cos ) sin

Let
cos =

cos =

− sin =
1
= −
sin
Substitute and
1
= (u − u ) sin −
sin

= (u − u )(− )

= − (u − u )

Integrate using the Power Rule

1 1
= − u − u +
3 5

1 1
= − u + u +
3 5

Substitute back the value

1 1
sin cos = − cos − cos +
3 5

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Example 3.3

Evaluate the indefinite integral

sin cos

Solution:
The given indefinite integral has exponents of sin and cos that are both
odd numbers. In this case, Method A and B are applicable. But this time we
will use Method B.
Separate one cos .

sin cos = sin (cos ) cos

= sin (1 − sin ) cos

Distribute sin

= (sin − sin ) cos

= (sin ) − (sin ) cos

Let
sin =

sin =

cos =

1
=
cos
Substitute and
1
= (u − u ) cos
cos
Cancel cos

= (u − u )

Integrate using the Power Rule

1 1
= u − u +
4 6

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 30 ESci 113: Calculus for Engineers II

Substitute back the value

1 1
sin cos = sin − sin +
4 6

Assessment
Find the integral using the technique discussed in this lesson.

1. sin cos 2. sin cos

3. sin cos

Instructions on how to submit student output

Please see class policies for details.
.

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Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge TP-IMD-02
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No. CET.ESC SLG20-03