Punay, Christian Roanthony R.

CHEM 1
MWF 12:00PM-1:00PM

Define the following term:

Organic Chemistry- is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and

preparation of carbon-containing compounds. Most organic compounds contain carbon and
hydrogen, but they may also include any number of other elements (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen,
halogens, phosphorus, silicon, sulfur).

Hydrocarbons- is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation
of carbon-containing compounds. Most organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen, but
they may also include any number of other elements (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, halogens,
phosphorus, silicon, sulfur).

Alkanes- organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms
and lack any other functional groups. Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2 and can be
subdivided into the following three groups: the linear straight-chain alkanes, branched alkanes,
and cycloalkanes.

Alkenes- a class of hydrocarbons (e.g., containing only carbon and hydrogen) unsaturated
compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. Another term used to describe
alkenes is olefins. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the double
bond.

Alkynes- hydrocarbons which contain carbon-carbon triple bonds. Their general formula is

CnH2n-2 for molecules with one triple bond (and no rings). Alkynes undergo many of the same
reactions as alkenes, but can react twice because of the presence of the two p-bonds in the triple
bond.

Cycloalkanes- are cyclic hydrocarbons, meaning that the carbons of the molecule are arranged in
the form of a ring. Cycloalkanes are also saturated, meaning that all of the carbons atoms that
make up the ring are single bonded to other atoms (no double or triple bonds).

Hybridization- is the idea that atomic orbitals fuse to form newly hybridized orbitals, which in
turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties.

Sigma bonds- A stronger than that of Pi Bonds. Sigma bonds are formed first when atoms
interact.

Pi Bonds- Pi bonds are usually weaker compared to sigma bonds.  Pi bonds between two atoms
are formed after sigma bonds are formed between them.