SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

I. PRELIMINARY TESTS

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Colour colourless Absence of copper and iron

salts
Colour of the salt is noted

2 Appearance: May be chloride, sulphate,

nitrate or ammonium
Appearance of the salt is Crystalline carbonate
noted

3 ACTION OF HEAT Salt sublimes with evolution of pungent

A small amount of the salt smelling gas giving dense white fumes
is heated gently in a dry test with a glass rod dipped in conc. HCl May be Ammonium.
tube. and also turns red litmus paper blue

4 FLAME TEST:
Salt + conc. HCl is made into Absence of Copper, Calcium and
a paste and introduced into No characteristic coloured flame. Barium.
the Bunsen flame.

5 ASH TEST:

Salt + cobalt nitrate +

conc.HNO3. A filter paper
is soaked in this paste and No characteristic ash Absence of aluminium, zinc and
magnesium
burnt

6 ACTION OF DIL HCl

Salt + dilute HCl No characteristic change. Absence of Sulphide and
Carbonate.

II. IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS

7 COPPER TURNINGS
TEST:
Salt + Copper Turnings + No reddish brown gas is evolved. Absence of Nitrate.
conc. Sulphuric acid +
heated.
8 ACTION OF NaOH: Pungent smelling gas forming dense
Salt + NaOH + heated. white fumes with a glass rod dipped in
conc. HCl and also turns red Litmus Presence of Ammonium.
paper blue.

9 CHROMYL CHLORIDE Red orange vapours evolved are passed

TEST: through water to get a yellow solution,
Salt + a pinch of Potassium which on adding Lead acetate forms a Presence of Chloride
Dichromate + conc. yellow precipitate.
Sulphuric acid + heated .
 PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:

A small amount of salt is mixed with twice the amount of sodium carbonate and 20 ml of distilled water is added,
boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is called “Sodium carbonate extract”.

10 SILVER NITRATE TEST:

Extract + dilute Nitric Acid A curdy white precipitate, soluble in
added until the effervescence excess of Ammonium hydroxide. Presence of Chloride is confirmed
ceases + silver nitrate
solution
11 BARIUM CHLORIDE
TEST:
Extract + dilute No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Sulphate.
Hydrochloric Acid added
until the effervescence
ceases
+ Barium chloride solution
12 LEAD ACETATE TEST: No characteristic change Absence of sulphate and sulphide
Extract + dilute acetic acid is
added until the effervescence
ceases
+ lead acetate solution
13 BROWN RING TEST:
Extract + dilute Sulphuric
acid is added until the
effervescence ceases + No brown ring is obtained. Absence of Nitrate.
freshly prepared FeSO4 +
conc Sulphuric acid

IV. IDENTIFICATION OF THE BASIC RADICALS

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION:

The original solution is prepared by dissolving the salt in 10 to 15 ml of distilled water.

GROUP SEPARATION

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Zero - group:
Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is obtained. Presence of Ammonium
reagent + excess of Sodium
Hydroxide.

V. CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is obtained. Presence of ammonium is

reagent + excess of Sodium confirmed.
Hydroxide.

RESULT :
The given simple salt contains
1. Basic Radical : Ammonium (NH4+)
-
2. Acid Radical : Chloride (Cl )
The given simple salt is : Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl)
 SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT

AMMONIUM SULPHATE

I. PRELIMINARY TESTS

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Colour colourless Absence of copper and iron

salts
Colour of the salt is noted

2 Appearance: May be chloride, sulphate,

nitrate or ammonium
Appearance of the salt is Crystalline carbonate
noted

3 ACTION OF HEAT Salt sublimes with evolution of pungent

A small amount of the salt smelling gas giving dense white fumes
is heated gently in a dry test with a glass rod dipped in conc HCl May be Ammonium.
tube. and also turns red litmus paper blue

4 FLAME TEST:
Salt + conc. HCl is made into Absence of Copper, Calcium and
a paste and introduced into No characteristic coloured flame. Barium.
the Bunsen flame.

5 ASH TEST:

Salt + cobalt nitrate +

conc.HNO3. A filter paper
is soaked in this paste and No characteristic ash Absence of aluminium, zinc and
magnesium
burnt

6 ACTION OF DIL HCl

Salt + dilute HCl No characteristic change.
Absence of Sulphide and
Carbonate.

II. IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS

7 COPPER TURNINGS
TEST:
Salt + Copper Turnings + No reddish brown gas is evolved. Absence of Nitrate.
conc. Sulphuric acid +
heated.
8 ACTION OF NaOH: Pungent smelling gas forming dense
Salt + NaOH + heated. white fumes with a glass rod dipped in
conc. HCl and also turns red Litmus Presence of Ammonium.
paper blue.

9 CHROMYL CHLORIDE
TEST:
Salt + a pinch of Potassium No red orange vapours evolved Absence of Chloride
Dichromate + conc.
Sulphuric acid + heated .

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:

A small amount of salt is mixed with twice the amount of sodium carbonate and 20 ml of distilled water is added,
boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is called “Sodium carbonate extract”.
10 SILVER NITRATE TEST:
Extract + dilute Nitric Acid No characteristic precipitate is Absence of chloride
added until the effervescence obtained.
ceases + silver nitrate
solution
11 BARIUM CHLORIDE
TEST:
Extract + dilute A white precipitate, insoluble in dil Presence of Sulphate
Hydrochloric Acid added HCl is obtained.
until the effervescence
ceases
+ Barium chloride solution
12 LEAD ACETATE TEST: A white precipitate, soluble in Presence of sulphate is confirmed
Extract + dilute acetic acid is ammonium acetate is obtained.
added until the effervescence
ceases
+ lead acetate solution
13 BROWN RING TEST:
Extract + dilute Sulphuric
acid is added until the
effervescence ceases + No brown ring is obtained. Absence of Nitrate.
freshly prepared FeSO4 +
conc Sulphuric acid

IV. IDENTIFICATION OF THE BASIC RADICALS

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION:

The original solution is prepared by dissolving the salt in 10 to 15 ml of distilled water.

GROUP IDENTIFICATION

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Zero - group:
Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is obtained. Ammonium is confirmed.
reagent + excess of Sodium
Hydroxide.

V. CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

 EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is obtained. Presence of ammonium is

reagent + excess of Sodium confirmed.
Hydroxide.

RESULT :
The given simple salt contains
1. Basic Radical : Ammonium (NH4+)
2. Acid Radical : Sulphate (SO42-)
The given simple salt is : Ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT

AMMONIUM CARBONATE
I. PRELIMINARY TESTS

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Colour colourless Absence of copper and iron

salts
Colour of the salt is noted

2 Appearance: May be chloride, sulphate,

nitrate or ammonium
Appearance of the salt is Crystalline carbonate
noted

3 ACTION OF HEAT 1.Salt sublimes with evolution of

A small amount of the salt pungent smelling gas giving dense
is heated gently in a dry test white fumes with a glass rod dipped in May be Ammonium.
tube. conc HCl and also turns red litmus
paper blue

2. Colourless, odourless gas turns lime

water milky
May be carbonate
4 FLAME TEST:
Salt + conc. HCl is made into Absence of Copper, Calcium and
a paste and introduced into No characteristic coloured flame. Barium.
the Bunsen flame.

5 ASH TEST:

Salt + cobalt nitrate +

conc.HNO3. A filter paper
No characteristic ash Absence of aluminium, zinc and
is soaked in this paste and
burnt magnesium

6 ACTION OF DIL HCl Brisk effervescence .

Salt + dilute HCl Colourless, odourless gas turns lime
water milky. Presence of Carbonate is
confirmed.

II. IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS

7 COPPER TURNINGS
TEST:
Salt + Copper Turnings + No reddish brown gas is evolved. Absence of Nitrate.
conc. Sulphuric acid +
heated.
8 ACTION OF NaOH: Pungent smelling gas forming dense
Salt + NaOH + heated. white fumes with a glass rod dipped in
conc. HCl and also turns red Litmus Presence of Ammonium.
paper blue.
9 CHROMYL CHLORIDE
TEST:
Salt + a pinch of Potassium No red orange vapours evolved Absence of Chloride
Dichromate + conc.
Sulphuric acid + heated .

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:

A small amount of salt is mixed with twice the amount of sodium carbonate and 20 ml of distilled water is added,
boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is called “Sodium carbonate extract”.

10 SILVER NITRATE TEST:

Extract + dilute Nitric Acid
added until the effervescence No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Chloride
ceases + silver nitrate
solution
11 BARIUM CHLORIDE
TEST:
Extract + dilute No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Sulphate.
Hydrochloric Acid added
until the effervescence
ceases
+ Barium chloride solution
12 LEAD ACETATE TEST: No characteristic change Absence of sulphate and sulphide
Extract + dilute acetic acid is
added until the effervescence
ceases
+ lead acetate solution
12 BROWN RING TEST:
Extract + dilute Sulphuric
acid is added until the
 effervescence ceases + No brown ring is obtained. Absence of Nitrate.
freshly prepared FeSO4 +
conc Sulphuric acid

IV. IDENTIFICATION OF THE BASIC RADICALS

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION:

The original solution is prepared by dissolving the salt in 10 to 15 ml of distilled water.

GROUP IDENTIFICATION

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Zero - group:
Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is obtained. Ammonium is confirmed.
reagent + excess of Sodium
Hydroxide.

V. CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Original solution + Nessler’s Reddish brown precipitate is obtained. Presence of ammonium is

reagent + excess of Sodium confirmed.
Hydroxide.

RESULT :
The given simple salt contains
1. Basic Radical : Ammonium (NH4+)
-
2. Acid Radical : Carbonate (CO32 )
The given simple salt is : Ammonium carbonate (NH4 )2CO3