PHYSICS - 12th

As per latest syllabus, guidelines and sample paper

issued by CBSE

Hints & Solutions

SECTION – A
1. All options are true.

2. (iv) zero

3. (iv) the enormous electron number density of the conductor.

⎛e⎞ ⎛e⎞
4. (iv) The charge to mass ratio satisfy : ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ = 0.
⎝ m ⎠1 ⎝ m ⎠2
5. (ii) twice per revolution

1
6. (iii) is zero, otherwise there would be a field falling as at large distances outside the toroid.
r3

7. (iii) zero

8. (ii) will have frequency of 2 × 109 Hz.

9. (ii) relative position and orientation of the two coils.

10. (ii) 60º

11. (i) momentum

12. (ii) Rutherford

13. (iii) β-decay

14. (iv) 1.25A

1⎛ q ⎞
15. (iv) ⎜ − φ⎟
2 ⎜⎝ ε0 ⎟
⎠

16. (b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A

17. (c) A is true but R is false

18. (b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A

1
2 DEEPAK CBSE Sample Papers

SECTION – B
19. (a) Radio waves having frequencies between 300MHz to 3GHz
(b) 4 × 1014 Hz to 7.7 × 1014 Hz.
(c) E = hν = hc/λ. Thus, the energy of photons becomes half when wavelength is doubled.
20. Magnetic susceptibility of the material is given by the relation,

I
χ =
H

⎛ _ Intensity of magnetisation ⎞
pm /V ⎜ Dipole moment ⎟
= ⎜ = ⎟
H ⎝ Volume ⎠

pm ρ ⎛ Mass ( m) ⎞
= Hm ⎜ _ Volume = ⎟
⎝ Density (ρ) ⎠

or χ ∝ ρ, i.e. susceptibility is directly proportional to the density. Since the density of nitrogen is less as compared to that of
copper, hence major difference in susceptibility of nitrogen and copper is due to their densities.
22 24
21. Isotopes : 11 Na and 11 Na
36 36
Isobars : 16 S and 18 Ar
OR
When protons and neutrons combine to form a nucleus, the energy is radiated in the form of e.m. radiation. Thus, energy of
a stable nucleus will be less. According to E = mc2, the mass of a nucleus will also be less than its constituents.
22. Parabolic mirrors are free from spherical aberration. When a strong source of light is placed at the principal focus, the
reflected beam becomes almost parallel and can travel large distances. Therefore, distant objects can be illuminated and seen
clearly.
23. The I-V characteristics of a Zener diode are shown below.
The circuit diagram of Zener diode as a voltage regulator is shown below :

OR
In conductors, there is no band gap between conduction band and valence band. For insulators band gap is large (≈ 5 eV). As
band gap for Sn is 0 eV, for C it is 5.4 eV, for Si it is 1.1 eV and for Ge it is 0.7 eV. Hence, Sn is good conductor, carbon is
insulator and Ge and Si are semiconductors.
24. Here, slits separation (d) = 0.3 mm
= 3 × 10–4 m
Distance of the screen (D) = 1.5 m
Distance of 10th bright fringe maxima (y10) = 2.5 cm
= 2.5 × 10–2 m
PHYSICS | CLASS-12th| 3

The distance of the nth maxima from the central bright fringe is given by

nλD
yn =
d

10 × λ×1.5
∴ 2.5 ×10− 2 =
3 ×10− 4

Wavelength of light, λ = 5 × 10–7 m = 5000 Å

25. Here, m = 8.2 × 10–16 kg ;
E = 5.1 × 102 V m–1
Let q be the charge on the ball. Then in equilibrium,
Electric force (Fe) = Weight of the ball
i.e. qE = mg

m × g 8.2 × 10−16 × 9.8

or q= = C
E 5.1 × 102

q = 15.76 × 10–18 C

SECTION – C
26. Principle
Its working is based on the fact that when a current carrying loop or coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field, it
experiences a torque.
Conversion of Galvanometer into a Voltmeter
A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by connecting a large resistance in series with the galvanometer
[Fig.]. The value of high resistance depends on the range of voltage to be measured and is calculated as under.

Fig.

Let G = resistance of the galvanometer

Ig = current that gives full scale deflection in galvanometer
n = number of divisions in the galvanometer scale
k = figure of merit
∴ Ig = nk.
Let the range of desired voltmeter be (0—V) volts, i.e. V is the maximum potential difference to be measured. For
doing so, a resistance R of such a value is connected in series with the galvanometer so that a current Ig flows through
the galvanometer when a potential difference V is applied across the points A and B.
As G and R are connected in series, so
V = Ig (G + R) (By Ohm’s law)
4 DEEPAK CBSE Sample Papers

V V
or G+R= or R= −G
Ig Ig

If a resistance of the value given by eqn. (54) is connected in series with the galvanometer, it will work as a voltmeter
of the range (0 —V) volt. As the potential difference for full scale deflection is V, so each division of the converted
galvanometer measures V/n volts.
27. Here, length of solenoid, l = 50 cm
= 0.50 m
Total no. of turns in one solenoid, N1 = 20 × 50 = 1000
Area of cross-section, A1 = 40 cm2
= 40 × 10–4 m2
Total no. of turns in the inner solenoid, N2 = 25 × 50 = 1250
Area of cross-section of inner solenoid, A2 = 25 cm2 = 25 × 10–4 m2

μ0 N1 N 2
Now, M = A2 [In such questions, we are to use the area of inner solenoid]
l

4 π × 10−7 × 1000 × 1250 × 25 × 10−4

=
0.50

= 7.85 × 10–3 H = 7.85 mH.

28. A circuit in which an a.c. source applied to an inductor of inductance L as shown in fig. is known as pure inductive
circuit.

Fig.

Let the alternating e.m.f. applied across pure inductance L is given by

E = E0 sin ωt

Now, when the alternating current flows through this circuit, the magnetic flux through it changes and an induced
dI dI
e.m.f. ε = − L is set up on it, where is the rate of change of the current. The negative sign indicates that the
dt dt
induced e.m.f. opposes the change of current.
PHYSICS | CLASS-12th| 5

Further, as there is no potential drop across the circuit, because the resistance of the circuit is zero, so

⎛ dI ⎞ dI
E + ⎜ − L ⎟ = 0 or E = L
⎝ dt ⎠ dt

dI
or E0 sin ωt = L [from eqn. (50)]
dt

E0
or dI = sin ωt dt
L

Integrating both sides, we get

E0
I = ∫ dI = ∫ L
sin ωt dt

E0
or I = – cos ωt + a constant
ωL

E0 E π
or I =− cos ωt = − 0 sin ⎡⎢ − ωt ⎤⎥
ωL ωL ⎣2 ⎦

OR
Average Power in an a.c. Circuit Containing R, L and C
In such a circuit e.m.f. and current are not in phase, so that if
E = E0 sin ωt
I = I0 sin (ωt – φ)
where φ is the phase difference between e.m.f. and current.
∴ Instantaneous power, P = EI
= E0 sin ωt I0 sin (ωt – φ)
= E0 I0 sin ωt (sin ωt cos φ – cos ωt sin φ)
= E0 I0 sin2 ωt cos φ – E0 I0 sin ωt cos ωt sin φ
EI
= E0 I0 sin2 ωt cos φ − 0 0 2 sin ω t cos ωt sin φ
2

E I
= E 0 I 0 sin 2 ωt cos φ − 0 0 sin 2 ω t sin φ 2 sin ωt cos ωt = sin 2 ωt and
2
Average power Paυ over a complete cycle is given by

T T
E0 I 0
∫ ∫
2
E0 I 0 cos φ sin ωt dt − sin φ sin 2 ωt dt
2
0 0
Pa υ =
T

∫ dt
0
6 DEEPAK CBSE Sample Papers

T T T
T
∫ sin ωt dt = 2 , ∫0 dt = T
2
Now, and ∫ sin 2 ωt dt = 0
0 0

as the integral of the sine of any angle over a complete cycle is zero.

T
E0 I0 cos φ E I E I
∴ Paυ = 2 = 0 0 cos φ = 0 0 cos φ
T 2 2 2

Paυ = EυIυ cos φ ...(i)

Hence, average power is dissipated over a complete cycle in an inductive circuit is the product of virtual e.m.f., virtual
current and cosine of the phase angle between the voltage and current. The above result eqn. (109) also be written as
Paυ = Iυ2Z cos φ ...(ii)
(i) No power is dissipated when P = 0

π
⇒ cos φ = 0 i.e., φ =
2

Hence, the circuit is purely inductive or capacitive.

(ii) Power Dissipated at Resonance in LCR Circuit

R
At resonance XC – XL = 0, so Z = R and cos φ = = 1, φ = 0
R

∴ Power dissipated, Paυ = Eυ Iυ ...(iii)

That is maximum power dissipated in a circuit (through R) at resonance.
29. When frequency of incident radiations changes from ν to 2ν, i.e., it becomes double, then kinetic energy of the emitted
electron becomes more than double. If E1 and E2 are the K.E. of the emitted electrons for frequency ν and 2 ν respectively,
then
hν = E1 + φ0 and h (2ν) = E2 + φ0

2hν E +φ E + φ0
or = 2 1 or 2 = 2
hν E1 + φ0 E1 + φ0

or 2E1 + 2 φ0 = E2 + φ0 or E2 = 2E1 + φ0.

OR
According to de Broglie hypothesis, de Broglie wavelength (λ) is given by,
h
λ = ...(i)
mυ
where, m is the mass of an electron and υ is its velocity. The orbits whose circumference is an integral multiple of wavelength
are allowed, i.e.,
2πr = nλ , where, n is an integer
2πr
∴ λ = ...(ii)
n
From eqns. (i) and (ii), we have
2πr h nh
= or mυr =
n mυ 2π
⎛ h ⎞
or angular momentum = n ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2π ⎠
PHYSICS | CLASS-12th| 7
i.e. the angular momentum is an integral multiple of h/2π, which is in fact Bohr’s concept of stationary orbits. Thus de
Broglie theory of matter wave supports Bohr's concept of stationary orbits.
30. In their experiment, Geiger-Marsden bombarded the α-particles having energy 7.7 MeV on this thin foil of gold. At
the distance of closest approach, α-particle comes to rest before retracting back its original path. At this point, K.E. of
α-particle is completely converted into the potential energy of the system, i.e. at the distance of closest approach :
K.E. = P.E.
k (2 e) ( Z e)
But P.E. =
r0

2 k Z e2 2 k Z e2
∴ K. E. = or r0 = ,
r0 K. E.

where, K.E. = 7.7 M eV = 7.7 × 106 eV

= 7.7 × 106 × 1.6 × 10–19 J
= 1.23 × 10–12 J
k = 9 × 109 N m2 C–2
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C ; Z = 79

2 × 9 × 109 × 79 × (1.6 × 10−19 )2

∴ r0 = m = 2.95 × 10–14 m
7.7 × 106 × (1.6 × 10−19 )

= 29.5 fermi [where 1 fermi=10–15 m]

Hence, radius of gold nucleus is less than 2.95 × 10–14 m or 29.5 fermi. Actual radius of the gold nucleus is 6 fermi.
Thus, we see that distance of closest approach is quite large than the sum of the radius of the gold nucleus and the α-
particle. Hence, α-particle never touches the gold nucleus and reverses its direction much before.

SECTION – D
31. (a) Yes, the potential at a point can be zero but electric intensity cannot be zero at that point. For example, at the mid-point
O between two equal and opposite charges of an electric dipole. As, shown is the fig., the electric potential is zero but the
electric field intensity is not zero.

Fig.

(b) We know that the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is given by

ε0 A
C =
d

Now, if the separation between the plates is decreased by 10%, then d ′ = 0.9 d and the new capacitance C′ will be

ε0 A ε0 A
C′ = =
d′ 0.9d

ε0 A
= 1.11 = 1.11C
d
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1
Since V is constant and energy stored in a capacitor U = CV 2 , the percentage change in energy,
2

U′ – U ⎡U ′ ⎤
× 100 = ⎢ – 1⎥ × 100
U ⎣U ⎦

⎡1 2 ⎤
⎢ 2 C′V ⎥ ⎛ C′ ⎞
= ⎢ − 1⎥ × 100 = ⎜ – 1⎟ × 100
⎢ 1 CV 2 ⎥ ⎝C ⎠
⎣⎢ 2 ⎥⎦

= (1.11 – 1) × 100 = 11%

OR
(a) For each drop of radius r, the potential V is given by

kq 1
V = , where k = 4π ε
r 0

Now, volume of big drop = 2 × Volume of small drops

4 4
π R 3 = 2 × πr 3
3 3

or R3 = 2 × r 3
or R = (2)1/3 r
The charge on new drop will be 2q. Hence, the new potential of the bigger drop becomes

(2q ) 2q
V′ = k = k 1/ 3
R (2) r

2/3 q 2 / 3⎛ kq ⎞ 2/3
= k (2) = (2) ⎜ ⎟ (2) V
⎝ r ⎠=
r

Hence V′′ = 22/3 V

(b) The situation is shown in fig.

Fig.
(i) Potential of A, (VA)
PHYSICS | CLASS-12th| 9

= Potential of A due to + σ on A + Potential of A due to – σ on B + Potential of A due to + σ on C

⎡ q1 q2 q3 ⎤ 1
= k⎢ + + ⎥when k =
⎣a b c ⎦ 4π ε0

Now, q1 = 4πa2σ, q2 = – 4πb2σ

and q3 = 4πc2σ,
So, potential of A,

1 ⎡ 4πa 2 σ 4πb 2σ 4πc 2 σ ⎤

= ⎢ − + ⎥
4π ε 0 ⎣
⎢ a b c ⎦ ⎥

σ
VA = [a – b + c]
ε0

Similarly, potential on B has three parts and is given by

1 ⎡ 4πa 2 σ 4πb 2σ 4πc 2 σ ⎤

VB = ⎢ − + ⎥
4π ε 0 ⎣
⎢ b b c ⎦ ⎥

σ ⎡ a2 ⎤
⎢
= ε b – b + c ⎥
⎢
0⎣ ⎥
⎦

Similarly, potential on C

1 ⎡ 4πa 2 σ 4πb 2σ 4πc 2 σ ⎤

VC = ⎢ − + ⎥
4π ε 0 ⎢
⎣ c c c ⎥ ⎦

σ ⎡ a 2 b2 ⎤
= ⎢ – + c⎥
ε0 ⎣
⎢ c c ⎥
⎦

(ii) Given that, VA = VC

σ σ ⎡ a 2 b2 ⎤
[a − b + c] = ⎢ − +c⎥
ε0 ε0⎢
⎣ c c ⎥
⎦

a2 b2
or a–b+c = − +c
c c

a2 −b2
or a–b+c = +c
c

a 2 − b 2 (a + b)(a − b)
or a–b = =
c c
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or (a – b) c = (a + b) (a – b)

or c = a+b

32. George Simon Ohm (1787-1854) a German physicist in 1828 found out a relationship between the current passing
through a metallic wire and the potential difference applied across its ends which causes flow of current. This relation
is known after his name as Ohm’s law. It states that “the potential difference applied across the ends of a conductor is
directly proportional to the current flowing through the conductor provided the physical conditions, such as pressure,
temperature, shape, etc. remain unchanged.”
i.e., V ∝ I or V = RI ...(i)
where R is a constant of proportionality and is called resistance of the conductor. R depends upon the length, shape
and nature of the material of the conductor.
From eqn. (i)

V
R= = Constant ...(ii)
I

i.e., graph between potential difference (V ) and current (I ) flowing through the conductor is a straight line as
shown in fig.
Definition of resistance : The resistance of a conductor may be defined as the ratio of the potential difference (V)
applied across the ends of conductor to the current flowing through it.
Units of resistance :
S.I. unit of resistance is ohm.

1 volt
i.e. 1ohm = 1ampere or 1Ω = 1VA–1 (Ω is omega and is symbol for ohm)

Thus, the resistance of the conductor is said to be one ohm, if a current of one ampere flows through the conductor
when a potential difference of one volt is applied across the ends of conductor.
International ohm : One international ohm is the resistance of a column of mercury of length 106.3 cm and having area
of cross-section 1 sq. mm at 0ºC.
1 international ohm = 1.0006495 ohm.
Bigger units of resistance are
1 kilo-ohm = 1 kΩ = 1000 ohm
1 mega-ohm = 1 MΩ = 106 ohm
Smaller units of resistance are milli-ohm (10–3 ohm) and micro-ohm (10–6 ohm).
Deduction of Ohm’s Law
We know that I = neAυd

eEτ
and υd =
m

V
But E = , where l = length of conductor and V = p.d. applied across the ends of conductor.
l

eVτ
∴ υd =
ml
PHYSICS | CLASS-12th| 11

neAeV I ne2 A
Thus, I= τ , or = τ
ml V ml

V m l
or = = constant = R ...(iii)
I ne2τ A

Thus, V ∝ I or V = RI, which is Ohm’s law,

where R = Resistance of conductor.
Thus, we have derived Ohm’s law on the basis of simple microscopic picture.
We know that current flowing through a conductor is :
I = neAυd

eEτ
and υd =
m

neAeEτ
∴ I=
m

ne2 AE I ne 2 E
or I= τ or = τ
m A m

⎛ ne2 ⎞ ⎛ I ⎞
or J =⎜ τ⎟E ⎜_ = J ⎟
⎜ m ⎟ ⎝ A ⎠
⎝ ⎠

m
But = ρ resistivity
ne 2 τ

1
∴ J= E
ρ

⎛ 1 ⎞
or J = σE ⎜⎝_ ρ = σ ⎟⎠ ...(iv)

→ →
In vector form, J =σE ...(v)

This is the microscopic form of Ohm’s law.

OR
Internal resistance of a cell is defined as the oppasition offered by the electrolyte to flow of charges.
Consider a cell emf (E) and internal resistance (r) connected to an external resistance (R) through a key (K). A
voltmeter (V) is connected across the two electrodes of the cell.
When the key is opened, no current flows through the circuit and the reading of the voltmeter is equal to the emf (E)
of the cell.
12 DEEPAK CBSE Sample Papers
When the key is closed, the current flows through the circuit. Now the reading of the voltmeter is equal to terminal
potential difference (V) of the cell.
We can write E – V = IR
E−V
⇒ R = ...(i)
I
V
But from ohm’s law, we know I =
R
Substituting the value of I in eqn. (i)

E−V
We get r = V
R

(E − V) R
r =
V

⎛ E −1⎞
r = ⎜⎝ ⎟R
V ⎠

33. (a) Let S1 and S2 be two coherent sources (slits) producing light having the same phase (i.e. having zero initial
phase-difference). Let d be the separation between the coherent sources S1 and S2 and D is distance of the screen from
S1 and S2 [Fig. 1].

Fig. 1
The light waves starting from S1 and S2 will superpose on each other producing interference pattern on the screen
which consists of a series of alternate bright and dark fringes as shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 2

The path difference between the waves starting from S1 and S2 and reaching point P on the screen is given by :
Δ x = S2 P – S 1 P
PHYSICS | CLASS-12th| 13

1/ 2 1/ 2
⎡ ⎛ d⎞ ⎤
2 ⎡ ⎛ d⎞ ⎤
2
Δx = ⎢ D 2 + ⎜ yn + ⎟ ⎥ − ⎢ D 2 + ⎜ yn − ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎢ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦⎥ ⎣ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦

1/ 2 1/ 2
⎡ 1 ⎛ d⎞ ⎤
2 ⎡ 1 ⎛ d⎞ ⎤
2
Δx = D ⎢1 + 2 y
⎜ n + ⎟ ⎥ − D ⎢1 + y
⎜ n − ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎢ D ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢ D2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦

Using binomial theorem and neglecting higher power terms :

⎡ d⎞ ⎤
2 ⎡ 1 ⎛ d⎞ ⎤
2
1 ⎛ − ⎢ + − ⎥
Δx = D ⎢1 + y
⎜ n + ⎟ ⎥ D 1 ⎜ yn ⎟
⎣⎢ 2 D
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ 2 D 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦

1 ⎡⎛ d⎞ ⎤
2 2
d⎞ ⎛
Δx = ⎢⎜ yn + ⎟ − ⎜ yn − ⎟ ⎥
2 D ⎣⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦

1 ⎡ d⎤
Δx = 2 D ⎢ 4 yn 2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦

yn d
Δx = ...(i)
D
Maxima
The point P on the screen will be the position of maxima or bright fringes if
Δx = nλ, where n = 0, 1, 2, ......
yn d
= nλ
D
nλD
yn = ...(ii)
d
This equation gives the distance of nth bright fringe from the central maxima at O.
The separation between successive bright fringes or fringe width (β) is given by

λD nλD λD
β = yn+1 – yn = (n + 1) − = ...(iii)
d d d
Minima
The point P on the screen will be the position of minima or dark fringe if

⎛ 1⎞
Δx = ⎜ n − ⎟ λ , where n = 1, 2, 3, ......
⎝ 2⎠

yn d ⎛ 1⎞
= ⎜n − ⎟λ
D ⎝ 2⎠

⎛ 1 ⎞ λD λD
yn = ⎜ n − ⎟ = (2n − 1) ...(iv)
⎝ 2 ⎠ d 2d

This equation gives the distance of nth dark fringe from the central maxima at O.
14 DEEPAK CBSE Sample Papers

Fringe Width
The separation between successive dark fringes or fringe width is given by
β = yn+1 – yn

⎛ 1 ⎞ λD ⎛ 1 ⎞ λD λD
= ⎜n+ ⎟ −⎜n− ⎟ = ...(v)
⎝ 2⎠ d ⎝ 2⎠ d d

Hence, all the bright or dark fringes are of equal width and fringe width is given by

λD
β= ...(vi)
d

The angular fringe width (θ) is given by

...(vii)

It should be noted that angular fringe width θ is independent of D.

β) :
Important points regarding fringe width (β
(i) The fringe width (β) is independent of n, therefore, all the fringes have the same width in YDS experiment.
(ii) The fringe width (β) is directly proportional to wavelength (λ), therefore, red fringes are wider than blue fringes.
(iii) The fringe width β is inversely proportional to separation between the slits (β ∝ 1/d ). Thus, as d increases, the
fringe width decreases and ultimately fringes disappear.
(iv) The fringe width is directly proportional to distance of the screen from the slits (β ∝ D). Hence, fringe width
increases with D. However, intensity of light at maxima (or minima) is adversely affected.
(b) As the refracted ray just grazes along face AC, the angle of incidence θ is equal to the critical angle.

1 1
∴ sin θ = ⇒ 0.625 = ⇒ n = 1.6
n n

b
Given that n = 1.2 +
λ2

b
1.6 = 1.2 +
(4 × 10−7 ) 2

Solving, b = 6.4 × 10–14 m2

For λ = 5000 Å,

b 6.4 ×10−14
n′ = 1.2 + = 1.2 +
λ′2 (5 ×10−7 )2
= 1.456
OR
(a) Although both interference and diffraction are consequences of superposition of light waves, there are important
differences between them as given below :
PHYSICS | CLASS-12th| 15

(1) Interference is due to the superposition of waves from two coherent sources whereas diffraction is due to superposition
of secondary wavelets of the same wavefront.
(2) The interference pattern has a number of equally spaced bright and dark bands of equal intensity. The diffraction
pattern has a central bright maximum which is twice as wide as the other maxima. The intensity falls rapidly as we go
to successive maxima away from the centre, on either side.
(3) Interference fringes may or may not be† of the same width whereas diffraction fringes are not of the same width.
(4) Interference minima may be perfectly dark whereas diffraction minima are never perfectly dark.
In the double slit experiment, the pattern on the screen is actually a superposition of (i) single-slit diffraction from
each slit and (ii) double-slit interference pattern as shown in fig.

Fig.
The broader peak in this figure represents diffraction pattern and the narrow peak within the broader peak represents
double-slit interference pattern. The number of interference fringes occurring within the broad diffraction peak depends
upon the ratio d/a.
(b) As the image is formed on the screen placed on the other side of the lens, therefore, the lens is convex lens (and
image is real image)
Here, u = – 45 cm and v = + 90 cm
1 1 1
Using lens formula, we have − =
v u f

1 1 1
− =
90 − 45 f

1+ 2 1
=
90 f

f = 30 cm

I v
Also, magnification is given by m = =
O u

I 90
=
5 − 45

I = –10cm
Thus, image is real and inverted and its length is twice of that of the object needle.
16 DEEPAK CBSE Sample Papers

SECTION – E

34. (i) 2 pm , zero, 3 pm

(ii) No it is not true permanent magnets are made of steel.

(iii) Magnetic induction precedes attraction
OR
(iii) 10–3 T
35. (i) Lenz’s law
(ii) Conservation of energy
(iii) the resistance of the coil.
OR
(iii) rate of change of linked flux

KKK