NAME-

MOHIT NAYAK ROLL.NO-1221 SUBJECT TEACHER-ALKA ASGAR

ACKNOWLEDGEMET The completion the undertaking could not be
possible without the participation and assistance of so many people at all be enumerated.Their contributions are
sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged.Thanking Mrs. Alka Asgar [Biology teacher] for her endless
support, kind and understanding spirit during my case presentation.To all who in one way or another way shared their
support morally, financially and physically, thank you. CERTIFICATENAME-MOHIT NAYAKCLASS-
XIIROLL NO-INSTITUTION- K.V. NABARANGPURThis is certified to be authentic work of the student in
BIOLOGY SUBJECT, INVERTIGATORY PROJECT as prescribed by the CBSE during the academic year2022-23.
TEACHER INCHARGEEXAMINER SIGNATURE PRINCIPLE AIM OF THE
EXPERIMENTTO STUDY THE INFERTILITY AND ITS CAUSES AND TREATMENT.
CONTENTIntroduction InfertilityAssisted reproductive technology (ARTs)1.In vitro fertilization2.in vivo fertilization
ZIFT,IUT GIFT,ICSI,AILimitation of artsIntroductionA discussion on reproductive health is incomplete without a
mention of infertility. A large number of couples all over the world including India are infertile, i.e., they are unable to
produce children inspite of unprotected sexual co-habitation. The reasons for this could be many-physical. congenital,
diseases, drugs, immunological or even psychological. In India, often the female is blamed for the couple being
childless, but more often than not, the problem lies in the male partner. Specialised health care units (infertility clinics,
etc.) could help in diagnosis and corrective treatment of some of these disorders and enable these couples to have
children. However, where such corrections are not possible, the couples could be assisted to have children through
certain special techniques commonly known as assisted reproductive technologies (ART). ARTs consists various
processes like in vitro fertilization (IVF), zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
etc.INFERTILITYAll over the world including India a large number of couples are infertile. Infertility can
be defined as the inability to conceive or to give birth to a child in spite of regular unprotected coitus.Assisted
reproductive technologies (ARTs).The problem of infertile couples can be solved in special healthcare units like
infertility clinics and they could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques, commonly called as
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTS). The various process In Vitro
Fertilisation (IVF)Steps involved in IVF(1) In IVF method, the ovum or ova from the donor a female/wife and sperms
from the donor male/ husband are collected and are induced to form zygote under simulated in vitro (outside the
natural body) conditions.(2) The zygote or early embryo (with up to 8 blastomeres) formed under in vitro conditions
can then be transferred inside the body of the female for further development. This is called as Embryo Transfer
(ET).Zygote intra-fallopian transfer(ZIFT)After the process of fertilisation carried out under in vitro conditions, the
zygote or early embryos (with up to 8 blastomeres) are transferred into the fallopian tube. This process is called as
Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT)Intra uterine transfer(IUT)If the embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are
transferred into the uterus of the female for further development, then the process is called as Intra Uterine Transfer
(IUT).In ViVO Fertilisation (IVF)Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)In this technique, ovum collected from a
donor female is transferred in to the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce the ovum, but can provide a
suitable environment for fertilisation and further development. Thus, it is termed as Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer
(GIFT).Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI)It is a specialized procedure carried out in laboratoryin which a sperm
is directly injected with the help of amicro needle into the ovum to form an embryo.It is beneficial for males with low
sperm count (oligospermia) or in case of absence of sperm production (azoospermia).Artificial Insemination (Al)In
the technique of Artificial Insemination (Al), the semen is collected either from the husband or from a healthy male
donor and then it is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus of the female (IUI- Intra- Uterine
InseminatARTIFICAL INSEMINATIONARTIFICAL INSEMINATION FIG:-IN VIVO
FIRTILISATIONLimitations of ARTS(1) These techniques are available in limited centers ara as they require
extremely high precision handling by specialised professionals and expensive instrumentation.(2) As the techniques
are very costly so their benefits are affordable to only a limited number of people.(3) Certain emotional, religious and
social factorsalso discourage the use of these methods.