CONENTS

1. REVERSE OSMOSIS
2. BOILING AND DISTILLATION
3. CHEMICAL DISINFECTION HOUSEHOLD
4.FILTRATION
5. UV-LIGHT TREATMENT HOUSEHOLD
6. BOILING AND DISTILLATION HOUSEHOLD
7.REVERSE OSMOSIS
8. FILTRATION HOUSEHOLD
9. CHEMICAL DISINFECTION HOUSEHOLD
10.REVERSE OSMOSIS
BOILING
This is a straightforward and effective method of water
disinfection for drinking purposes. It is most prevalent in
developing countries, though sometimes in cases of water
contamination in a particular area it is also used in developed
countries. You can also use it as a safety method when you go
to a place where the water quality is not known. The process
involves heating water in a container to its boiling point. The
boiling point of water is usually at 100 degrees Celsius/ 212
degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the air pressure. Boiling
water does not remove any foul taste or smell that may be
contained in the water. It also does not remove metals,
herbicides or sediment. However, it is the surest way of killing
bacteria and all other disease-causing microorganisms that may
be contained in water. Water-borne disease-causing organisms
are not heat resistant, and therefore, they die.
DISTILLATION
The vapours obtained after boiling are directed to another container
where they condense to form pure distilled water. This way, most of The
the impurities that were contained in the water are removed. These
include sediment, salts, minerals and chemicals. DISTILLED WATER
SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR DRINKING PURPOSES.

CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF WATER

The most common chemical disinfectants are chlorine and
iodine, which are halogens. Chlorine is the commonly used one.
Chlorine in its effervescent form is very dangerous and
therefore it's utilized in the liquid state. It is usually in a
compound with other chemicals but when in water, it is
released. It is an effective disinfectant and kills the micro-
organisms contained in water. However, it leaves a foul smell
and taste in water. These can be removed by a carbon filter
after the treatment.
Filtration
Filtration is a crucial water purification method at homes. Some people
use personal safe water, which may contain sediment as well as metals. It
can also contain bacteria as well as excessive minerals, depending on the
area. Others who use municipal water may have water that has the foul
taste and smell of chlorine. This is where water filters come in handy.

►Their many different types of water filters, depending on the water

available in your local area. If the water in your area contains a lot of
sediment and no micro- organisms, then you can go for a simple
sediment filter. If the water contains chlorine, you can buy a carbon filter.

REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS

► Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is used to remove a
large majority of contaminants from water by pushing the water
under pressure through a semi-permeable membrane. Certain
types of water filters offer the best services and quality in water
filtration. They combine many filters for efficiency and
effectiveness so as to guarantee you highly purified drinking
and cooking water. These systems are called reverse osmosis
water filtration systems
UV-LIGHT TREATMENT
In this method, a UV lamp is used to produce UV light
Contaminated water is then exposed to this light for treatment.
A dominant type of UV called UV-C or germicidal UV is used in
this process. It is an efficient and trusted method of water
purification. It destroys 99.99% of disease-causing
microorganisms These include E coli, Giardia, and
Cryptosporidium When UV-Crays are exposed to the micro-
organisms contained in the water, the DNA of the micro-
organisms absorbs the rays.
After absorption. these rays alter the DNA of the pathogens is
such a way that they can no longer produce, and they
permanently die. This process of altering their DNA is called
inactivation. The threat of water-borne diseases is eliminated,
and water made safe for drinking purposes
EFFECTIVE PURIFICATION OF WATER FOR
DRINKING PURPOSES

*The first layer, gravel, is there to remove large pieces of debris

from the water. This would include things like small sticks,
leaves and bus The water then moves on to the sand layer,
which removes smaller particulate matter that managed to pass
through the gravel.
* Finally, the water passes through a layer of activated charcoal
to remove bacteria and some chemicals. It is the activated
charcoal that is the secret to a bio-filter's success Activated
charcoal or activated carbon (the same thing) is "activate by
blowing air through it. That air causes thousands of pores to
oper up on the surface of the charcoal, making convenient
places for absorption of chemicals via bonding and capture of
bacteria.
CONCLUSION
►Water purification and disinfection is
crucial. It ensures that you and your family
are in good health, free from the dangers
posed by consumption of contaminated
water. It is, therefore, crucial to choose a
method of water purification for your
home, depending on the quality of water
available in your local area. However,
some methods in current use are not
environment- friendly. They lead to
wastage of resources like water and
electricity.
▸ Thus, methods like bio-filters should be
popularised among the masses.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
► Purifieradvisors.com
►Offthegridnews.com
Ces.iisc.ernet.in
THANK YOU…
INTRODUCTION
Water purification for human consumption purposes consists in
the removal of different contaminants as chemicals (i.e.,
pollutants, toxic metals), biological contaminants (algae,
bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses), suspended solids, and gases.
There are several methods used in the water purification
process.
Through this project I would like to brief out certain methods of
water purifications, these includes
(1) Boiling and distillation
(2) Filtration
(3) Reverse osmosis
(4) Chemical Disinfection
(5) UV Light Treatment
(6) Effective purifications of water