(Sr AIIMS Super-60)

Sr AIIMS Super-60 (27-12-2022) Key & Sol 10. (2)

Sol. Jan Ingenhousz’s experiments demonstrated role of
light and production of O2 in photosynthesis.
BOTANY
11. (4)
1. (2)
Sol. Light reactions of photosynthesis are photochemical
Sol. Ribose is a monosaccharide with five carbons.
reactions, and also called thylakoid reactions.
2. (1)
12. (1)
Sol. Alkaloid – Morphine
Toxin – Ricin Sol. X – Grana – photolysis of water ; Y – Stroma – carbon
dioxide fixation
Drug – Vinblastin
Polymer – Gums
3. (4)
Sol. The period of cell cycle varies from species to species.
Genetic material of eukaryotic cell is doubled in S stage.
4. (1)
13. (1)
Sol. Daughter centriole – Interphase
formation Sol. Chlorophyll a is protected from photo–oxidation by
other pigments such as chlorophyll b, carotenoids and
Daughter chromosome – Anaphase xanthophylls.
formation
14. (3)
Daughter cell – Cytokinesis
formation Sol. If action spectrum of photosynthesis and absorption
spectra of leaf pigments are compared, one can
Daughter nuclei – Telophase understand the following:
formation
1) In a higher plant, the photosynthetic rate is more
5. (1) at blue and red wavelengths of light.
Sol. M phase or division phase is the most dramatic period
2) The photosynthetic rate is lesser between the
of cell cycle during which there is major reorganisation wavelengths of 500 and 600 nm than between
of virtually all the components of the cell. 600 and 680 nm.
6. (1) 3) Photosynthetic rate suddenly declines at longer
Sol. Chromosomes show partial or incomplete dispersion wavelength of red light near 700 nm.
or decondensation of chromosomes in telophase I. 4) Higher rate of photosynthesis is seen wherever
7. (1) light absorption maxima for chlorophyll a is
observed.
Sol. Diplotene is the longest stage of Prophase I of
vertebrate oocytes which may last for months and years 15. (2)
together.
Sol. Reaction centres of PS have either P700 or P680. Both
8. (1) PS I and PS II operate almost simultaneously but PS II
is a little earlier compare to PS I and it 3 is involved
Sol. Light reaction of photosynthesis is a physico-chemical
during non–cyclic electron transport. ATP and NADPH
process during which the transfer of energy from
are used in dark reaction for sugar formation.
accessory pigments to reaction centre is physical
process and the chemical process of oxidation 16. (1)
reduction starts at the reaction centre with the ejection Sol. Movement of electrons from P700 to primary electron
of electrons and continued in the dark reaction for the acceptor of PSI and movement of electrons from P680
reduction of CO2 to carbohydrates. to primary electron acceptor of PSII are described as
9. (2) uphill, during which the electrons are excited by
absorbing photons. It is endergonic process. The
Sol. Experiment in which a part of leaf is inserted in a test movement of electrons from primary electron acceptor
tube having cotton bud dipped in KOH and the of PSII to system of cytochromes and from cytochromes
remaining part of leaf outside is exposed to light to P700 is downhill as it is exergonic process, during
demonstrates the requirement of CO 2 for which protons of stroma are carried from stroma and
photosynthesis. released into lumen of thylakoid.

1
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
17. (2) 26. (1)

Sol. NADP reductase enzyme is associated with PSI of grana Sol. Product of ATP – Fructose 1,6 –
lamellae but not with PS II or PS I of stroma lamellae. consumption bisphosphate reaction

18. (2)
Product of dehydration – Phosphoenol
Sol. CO2 is involved in only dark reaction of photosynthesis. reaction pyruvate

H2O is involved in both light (photolysis of water) and
dark (RuBisCO reaction, phosphatase reactions of C3)
cycle of photosynthesis.
19. (1)
Sol. RuBisCO initially forms C–C bonds by carboxylation to
form unstable 6C compound and it immediately breaks
the C–C bond between 3 rd and 4 th carbon of 6C
compound to form 2 molecules of 3–phosphoglyceric
acid.
20. (2)
Sol. Bundle sheath cells show decarboxylation of 4C acids
like malic acid to form pyruvic acid or alanine formed
from aspartic acid. It shows the carboxylation of RuBP
to form 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Mesophyll cells show
only carboxylation of PEP.
21. (3)
Sol. In Calvin cycle and Hatch and Slack pathway, RuBisCO
shows only carboxylation reaction but in
photorespiration, it shows oxygenation reaction.
22. (2)
Sol. CO2 is the factor that influences photosynthesis as both
external and internal factor.
23. (1)
Sol. There is linear relationship between incident light and
CO2 fixation rates at low light intensities.
At higher light intensities, the rate of photosynthesis
does not show further increase because other factors
become limiting.
Light saturation for photosynthesis occurs at 10% of
the full sunlight.
Light becomes a limiting factor for plants growing in
shade or in shade of other plants of dense forests and
during cloudy days.
24. (4)
Sol. Carbohydrates are the most common respiratory
substrates.
25. (3)
Sol. Glycolysis is common to all living organisms that respire.
Product of ATP – Pyruvic acid
generation reaction
Product of oxidation – 1,3 bisphosphoglyceric
–reduction reaction. acid
27. (4)
Sol. Glucose and fructose can directly enter into glycolysis
as they can be phosphorylated directly by hexokinase.
glucose–6– phosphate and fructose-6–phosphate are
the intermediates of glycolysis. Galactose
monophosphate and ribose monophosphate are not
the intermediates of glycolysis or other respiratory
pathways.
28. (3)
Sol. In lactic acid fermentation, which is shown by lactic
acid bacteria and skeletal muscle cells in inadequate
supply of oxygen conditions, there is no production of
CO2 ,the net production of NADH + H+. Net production
of ATP is two for each glucose molecule involved in the
process as substrate.
29. (2)
Sol. Conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is a reduction
reaction.
Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA is oxidative
decarboxylation reaction.
Conversion of malic acid to oxaloacetic acid is oxidation
reaction.
Conversion of succinic acid to malic acid is oxidation
and hydration reaction.
30. (2)
Sol. Tricarboxylic acid cycle is also known as Krebs' cycle
because it was first elucidated by Sir Hans Krebs.
31. (3)
Sol. The first reaction of Tricarboxylic acid cycle is a
condensation reaction because from 2C compound
acetyl Co.A and 4C compound OAA, there is formation
of larger 6C compound Citric acid by C-C bond
formation.
32. (2)
Sol. In ETS of respiration, during oxidation of reduced
coenzyme (FADH2) formed during the conversion of
succinate to fumarate or to malate in mitochondrial
matrix, there is no involvement of complex I of
mitochondrial inner membrane but complex II, III and
IV, along with UQ and Cyt. C, are involved.

2
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
33. (4) 44. (2)
Sol. 2 ATP are formed in mitochondria by substrate level Sol. The products of light reaction of photosynthesis are O2
phosphorylation reaction during aerobic breakdown of formed in lumen of grana thylakoids, NADPH formed in
a molecule of glucose,i.e. during conversion of succinyl stroma and ATP formed in CF particles.
CoA to succinic acid.
45. (1)
34. (3)
Sol. Photosynthetic rate of higher plants is relatively less or
Sol. Acetyl CoA is withdrawn during the aerobic breakdown nil above 700 nm than between 500 and 600 nm of
of glucose in a eukaryotic cell, for the formation of fatty wavelength of light.
acids.
46. (3)
35. (2)
Sol. Occurs only on the – Splitting of water
Sol. If acetyl CoA is oxidised through aerobic respiratory
side inner of grana
pathway, there is liberation of 2 CO2 and reduction
thylakoid membrane
of 2 O2 to 4 H2O. Its RQ is 1 or unity, like in carbohydrates.
36. (1) Occurs on the outer side – Primary electron
of only grana thylakoid acceptor of PS II
Sol. Malonate acts as competitive inhibitor of an enzyme.
membrane where PS I
The enzyme belongs to the class oxidoreductases.
is absent
37. (1)
Present on the inner – Electron carrier
Sol. G1 phase – Interval between mitosis and surface of both grana that carries
initiation of DNA replication
and stroma thylakoid electrons from
M phase – Not a part of interphase membrane cytochrome
S phase – Centriole duplication system to PS I
G2 phase – Premitotic phase Occurs on the outer – NADPH formation
38. (2) surface of grana thylakoid
membrane where PS I
Sol. During meiosis, splitting of centromere occurs in
is present.
anaphase and anaphase II.
47. (3)
39. (1)
Sol. During oxidation reaction, the 3C sugar or triose is Sol. In both cyclic and non-cyclic electron transport coupled
converted to 1,3–bisphosphoglyceric acid upon to ATP formation, there is involvement of PQ,
removal of hydrogen atoms and addition of inorganic cytochrome b6/f complex, PC, PSI, Fd and CF particles.
phosphate. 48. (1)
40. (3) Sol. For each CO2 fixed through Calvin cycle, there is usage
Sol. FMN of Complex I of mitochondrial inner membrane is of 2 NADPH and 3 ATP. Hence, the ratio is 1:2:3.
the first electron acceptor involved during oxidation 49. (3)
matrix NADH + H+.
Sol. A. It decreases the photosynthetic fixation of CO 2
41. (1)
because the fixed carbon is lost as CO2 and it prevents
Sol. Cytochrome C oxidase or complex IV of inner the carboxylation activity.
mitochondrial membrane involved in ETS has Cu.
B. In the first reaction of this process a 2C
42. (4) phosphoglycolic acid and a 3C phosphoglyceric acid
Sol. Respiratory pathway is amphibolic pathway and it is are formed.
mainly catabolic pathway which drives anabolic C. Phosphoglyceric acid formed in the first reaction of
pathways such as amino acid synthesis, glycerol and this pathway does not take part in subsequent reactions
fatty acid formation. of this pathway for the liberation of CO2. The carbon is
43. (1) lost from glycolic acid after it is converted to amino
acid glycine.
Sol. Van Niel demonstrated photosynthesis as redox
process in which hydrogen from a suitable oxidisable D. It utilises the ATP formed in chloroplast for the
compound reduces CO2 to carbohydrates. formation of phosphoglyceric acid from glyceric acid.

3
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
50. (2)
Sol. The effect of water as a factor influencing
photosynthesis is more through its effect on plant
than directly on photosynthesis because water
deficiency in the soil leads to stomatal closure
(decreases CO2 entry into leaf), leaves wilt and
cannot be directly exposed to light as leaves are
aligned parallel to incident light, enzymatic activity
decreases and leaf surface area also decreases.
ZOOLOGY
51. (1)
Sol. Zygote is formed in ampulla at the site of fertilisation.
It then undergoes cleavage while moving through the
isthmus. The blastocyst embeds itself in the uterus to
undergo gastrulation.
52. (3)
Sol. Use of condoms has increased in recent years due to
its additional benefit of protecting the user from
contracting venereal diseases (STIs) such as AIDS.
Nirodh is a popular brand of male condoms.
53. (1)
Sol. The fluid-filled cavity within the granulosa cells in a
tertiary ovarian follicle is termed antrum. It provides a
space for the oocyte to grow and mature, and it also
helps to regulate the hormonal environment within the
follicle.
The theca is a layer of cells that surrounds the ovarian
follicle and plays a role in the production of hormones.
The theca is located outside of the granulosa cells.
Theca interna and granulosa cells produce oestrogens.
The acrosome is a specialized organelle found in the
head of a sperm cell. It is a cone-shaped structure that
contains enzymes that are used to help the sperm
fertilise an egg.
The endometrium during pregnancy differentiates into
decidua. The decidua is thicker and more vascularised
than the endometrium, and it plays a crucial role in
providing nutrients and support to the developing
foetus. The decidua basalis is in direct contact with the
implanting embryo. It forms the maternal part of the
placenta. The decidua capsularis is the outer layer of
the decidua that surrounds the embryo. The decidua
parietalis lines the rest of the uterus and is not in direct
contact with the embryo.
54. (3)
Sol. Multiload 375 is a brand of copper-releasing IUD that
is used for contraception. It works by releasing copper
into the uterus, which is toxic to sperm and prevents
4
pregnancy. Multiload 375 is a specific type of copper
IUD that is designed for women who have had children.
It is made of a soft, flexible material and has a T-
shaped frame with copper sleeves
55. (4)
Sol. The glandular tissue of each breast is divided into 15-
20 mammary lobes containing clusters of cells called
alveoli.
56. (1)
Sol. Ovary produces two groups of steroid hormones called
estrogen and progesterone.
Hormones of adrenal medulla (adrenaline and
noradrenaline), posterior pituitary (oxytocin and
vasopressin) and pancreas (insulin and glucagon) are
all water soluble hormones.
57. (3)
Sol. Surgical methods of contraception include vasectomy
and tubectomy. Surgical methods of contraception are
highly effective at preventing pregnancy, with success
rates of over 99%. Many surgical methods of
contraception are permanent and cannot be reversed.
58. (4)
Sol. Multiload 375 is a brand of copper-releasing IUD that
is used for contraception. It works by releasing copper
into the uterus, which is toxic to sperm and prevents
pregnancy. Multiload 375 is a specific type of copper
IUD that is designed for women who have had children.
It is made of a soft, flexible material and has a T-
shaped frame with copper sleeves
59. (3)
Sol. The menstrual flow results due to breakdown
(degeneration) of endometrial lining of the uterus and
its blood vessels which forms liquid that comes out
through vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the
released ovum is not fertilised. Lack of menstruation
may be indicative of pregnancy. However, it may also
be caused due to some other underlying causes like
stress, poor health etc. The menstrual phase is followed
by the follicular phase. During pregnancy, all events of
the menstrual cycle stop and there is no menstruation.
60. (4)
Sol. The spermatogonia (sing. spermatogonium) present
on the inside wall of seminiferous tubules multiply by
mitotic division and increase in numbers. Each
spermatogonium is diploid and contains 46
chromosomes.
Primary and secondary spermatocytes undergo
meiosis.
Spermatid does not undergo cell division.
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
61. (2)
Sol.  After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is converted to
a structure called corpus luteum. It is a temporary
endocrine structure, which secretes mainly
progesterone. Progesterone supports pregnancy.
Progesterone also acts on the mammary glands and
stimulates the formation of alveoli (sac-like
structures which store milk) and milk secretion.
 The cerebral hemispheres in brain are connected
by a tract of nerve fibres called corpus callosum.
 Corpus spongiosum is a mass of erectile tissue in
penis of males.
 Corpus gastricum, the Latin term referring to the
body of the stomach.
62. (4)
Sol. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted by the CCK cells of
intestinal glands in the small intestine in response to
chyme. CCK stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice
that is rich in digestive enzymes. It also causes
contraction of the wall of the gallbladder, which
squeezes stored bile out of the gallbladder into the
cystic duct and through the common bile duct. In
addition, CCK causes relaxation of the sphincter of the
hepatopancreatic ampulla (sphincter of Oddi), which
allows pancreatic juice and bile to flow into the
duodenum.
63. (2)
Sol. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that measures
the electrical activity of the heart. It is often used to
diagnose heart conditions such as arrhythmias and
heart attacks. During an ECG, sensors called electrodes
are placed on the chest, arms, and legs. These sensors
detect the electrical signals produced by the heart as
it beats. The signals are then recorded and displayed
on a monitor or printed on paper. A typical ECG shows
a series of waves and lines that represent the electrical
activity of the heart. The waves and lines can be used
to identify problems with the heart’s rhythm or
conduction system, such as an irregular heartbeat or
a blockage in one of the heart’s blood vessels.
64. (3)
Sol. Amphibians have a three-chambered heart with two
atria and one ventricle. The pure blood from left atrium
and impure blood from right atrium flow into the
ventricle where they get mixed. The ventricle pumps
mixed blood. In most reptiles, the heart consists of
two atria and a partly divided ventricle. Crocodiles,
birds, and mammals have a four-chambered heart
with two atria and two ventricles. Fishes also have a
single ventricle, but it pumps deoxygenated blood to
the gills.
5
65. (1)
Sol. Sperm is a microscopic structure composed of a head,
neck, a middle piece, and a tail.
The sperm head contains an elongated haploid
nucleus, the anterior portion of which is covered by a
cap-like structure, acrosome. The acrosome is filled
with enzymes that help in fertilisation of the ovum.
The middle section has a lot of mitochondria, which
create energy for the tail movement. This helps sperm
motility, which is important for fertilisation.
66. (2)
Sol. Soon after the infant is delivered, the placenta is also
expelled out of the uterus. It is termed 'After birth'.
67. (1)
Sol. No medicines or devices are used in natural methods
of contraception. Hence the side effects are almost
nil. But the chances of failure of natural methods are
high.
68. (1)
Sol. By the end of 12 weeks (first trimester), most of the
major organ systems are formed, for example, the limbs
and external genital organs are well developed. The
first movements of the foetus and appearance of hair
on the head are usually observed during the fifth
month. By the end of about 24 weeks (end of second
trimester), the body is covered with fine hair, eye-lids
separate, and eyelashes are formed. By the end of
nine months (36 weeks) of pregnancy, the foetus is
fully developed and is ready for delivery.
69. (4)
Sol. U wave is a waveform that is sometimes seen on an
ECG as a small upward deflection after T wave. It is
thought to represent the late repolarisation of the
Purkinje fibres and papillary muscles.
70. (1)
Sol. An IUD (intrauterine device) is a small, T-shaped device
that is inserted into the uterus as a form of
contraception. IUDs are a highly effective form of
contraception, with a failure rate of less than 1%.
There are three main types of IUDs: non-medicated,
hormonal and copper. Copper IUDs work by releasing
copper into the uterus, which is toxic to sperm.
Hormonal IUDs release a small amount of the hormone
progestin into the uterus. Progestin thickens the
cervical mucus, which makes it more difficult for sperm
to reach the egg. Hormonal IUDs also thin the lining of
the uterus, which can make it more difficult for a
fertilized egg to implant.
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
71. (4)
Sol. Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level
during the mid–cycle called LH surge induces rupture
of Graafian follicle and thereby the release of ovum
(ovulation).
72. (1)
Sol. Coitus interruptus, also known as the ‘withdrawal
method’, is a type of contraception in which the male
withdraws penis from the vagina before ejaculation. It
is not a reliable method of contraception, as it is based
on the ability of the man to accurately predict when he
is about to ejaculate and to withdraw in time. Sperm
in the pre-ejaculate can also cause pregnancy. The
failure of coitus interruptus as a method of
contraception is around 20%.
73. (4)
Sol. The opening of the vagina is often covered partially by
a membrane called hymen. The hymen is often torn
(not always) during the first coitus. In some women the
hymen persists even after coitus. However, it can also
be broken by a sudden fall or jolt, insertion of a vaginal
tampon, active participation in some sports like
horseback riding, cycling, etc. Hence, the presence or
absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity
or sexual experience. Hymen does not interfere with
the sexual drive.
74. (4)
Sol. Systolic blood pressure is a measure of the force the
heart exerts on the walls of the arteries each time it
beats. It is about 120 mm Hg in a healthy individual.
Diastolic blood pressure is a measure of the force the
heart exerts on the walls of the arteries in between
beats. It is about 80 mm Hg in a healthy individual.
75. (2)
Sol. Gastrin acts on the gastric glands and stimulates the
secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
76. (2)
Sol. Sex is determined based on the type of sperm that
fertilises the ovum.
All the haploid gametes (ova) produced by the female
have the sex chromosome X whereas in the male
gametes (sperms) the sex chromosome could be either
X or Y,“hence, 50 per cent of sperms carry the X
chromosome while the other 50 per cent carry the Y.
After fusion of the male and female gametes the zygote
would carry either XX or XY depending on whether the
sperm carrying X or Y fertilised the ovum. The zygote
carrying XX would develop into a female baby and XY
would form a male.
6
77. (1)
Sol. Sertoli cells are those cells that line the seminiferous
tubule, which is present in testis.
Sertoli cells provide nutrition to both developing and
mature spermatozoa.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) is secreted by the
pituitary gland. It stimulates the sertoli cells to produce
essential nutrients and proteins, which are required in
the development of immature sperm cells.
78. (2)
Sol. Finger-like projections called chorionic villi appear on
the trophoblast after the implantation. These villi are
surrounded by the uterine tissue and maternal blood.
The chorionic villi and uterine tissue become
interdigitated with each other and jointly form a
structural and functional unit between developing
embryo (foetus) and maternal body called placenta.
79. (2)
Sol. Tunica media is the middle layer of blood vessels,
such as an artery or vein. It is made up of smooth
muscles and connective tissue with elastic fibres. It is
responsible for controlling the diameter of the blood
vessel and regulating blood flow through the vessel.
The tunica media of arteries is typically thicker and
contains more smooth muscle cells than the tunica
media of veins, due to the higher pressures and flow
rates in arteries.
80. (4)
Sol. Oxytocin plays an important in milk ejection.
Estrogens produce wide ranging actions such as
stimulation of growth and activities of female
secondary sex organs, development of growing ovarian
follicles, appearance of female secondary sex
characters (e.g., high pitch of voice, etc.), mammary
gland development.High concentration of LH as well
as estrogen, causes the release of an ovum (the
process is ovulation) from the graffian follicle.
81. (4)
Sol. The mitral valve guards the atrioventricular aperture
between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.
It prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium
when the left ventricle contracts during ventricular
systole. The mitral valve is made up of two flaps (hence
the name bicuspid valve).
The mitral valve is so named because it is shaped
like a bishop’s mitre, which is a type of pointed hat
worn by bishops in the Catholic Church. The two flaps,
or leaflets, of the mitral valve resemble the
two peaks of the hat, and the central opening between
the leaflets is shaped like the top of the hat.
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
82. (1)
Sol.  ANF causes dilation of the blood vessels to
decrease the blood pressure.
 Secretin acts on the exocrine pancreas and
stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate ions.
 CCK acts on both pancreas and gall bladder and
stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and
bile juice, respectively.
 Gastrin acts on the gastric glands and stimulates
the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
83. (1)
Sol. A primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic
division (reduction division) leading to formation of two
equal, haploid cells called secondary spermatocytes,
which have only 23 chromosomes each.
84. (3)
Sol. In the ABO blood group system, there are four main
blood types: A, B, AB, and O. The names of these blood
types are based on antigen(s) on the surface of red
blood cells. Type A blood has the A antigen on the
surface of red blood cells. Type B blood has the B
antigen on the surface of red blood cells. Type AB blood
has both the A and B antigens on the surface of red
blood cells. Type O blood does not have either the A or
B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
85. (2)
Sol. The primary oocyte within the tertiary follicle grows in
size and completes its first meiotic division. It is an
unequal division resulting in the formation of a large
haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny first polar body.
86. (1)
Sol. During childbirth, the hormone oxytocin stimulates
contractions of the uterus, and uterine contractions in
turn stimulate more oxytocin release, a positive
feedback effect.
87. (3)
Sol. Thyroid gland also secretes a protein hormone called
thyrocalcitonin (TCT).
Follicular cells of thyroid secrete iodothyronines -
tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine
(T3).
Thymosins are peptide hormones secreted by the
thymus gland.
88. (3)
Sol. Several non-endocrine tissues secrete hormones called
growth factors. Growth factors play important roles in
tissue development, growth, and repair. Growth factors
are mitogenic substances—they cause growth by
stimulating cell division. Many growth factors act locally,
as autocrines or paracrines.
7
89. (3)
Sol. There are two main circuits of blood circulation in the
human body: the systemic circulation and the
pulmonary circulation (double circulation).
Systemic blood circulation carries oxygenated blood
away from the heart to the rest of the body, and returns
deoxygenated blood back to the heart. It delivers
oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the cells of the
body and removes waste products
90. (2)
Sol. Lippes loop is a non-medicated IUD. Cu-T and Cu-7
are Copper-releasing IUDs. Progestasert and LNG-20
are hormone-releasing IUDs.
91. (4)
Sol. The chorionic villi and uterine tissue become
interdigitated with each other and jointly form the
placenta. The placenta facilitate the supply of oxygen
and nutrients to the embryo and also removal of carbon
dioxide and excretory/waste materials produced by
the embryo. The placenta is connected to the embryo
through an umbilical cord which helps in the transport
of substances to and from the embryo. Placenta also
acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several
hormones like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG),
human placental lactogen (hPL), oestrogens,
progestogens, etc. During pregnancy the levels of other
hormones like oestrogens, progestogens, cortisol,
prolactin, thyroxine, etc., are increased several folds in
the maternal blood. Placenta acts as an endocrine
tissue and produces several hormones like human
chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental
lactogen (hPL), oestrogens, progestogens, etc. In the
later phase of pregnancy, a hormone called relaxin is
also secreted by the ovary. hCG, hPL and relaxin are
produced in women only during pregnancy.
92. (2)
Sol. Insemination – Transfer of sperm
Parturition – Ejection of baby
Fertilisation – Fusion of gametes
Implantation – Attachment of
blastocyst to uterine wall
93. (4)
Sol. The periodic abstinence method (rhythm method) is
based on identification of the fertile period of a cycle
(day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle) and to abstain
from sexual intercourse during that period. The
methods to determine the approximate time of
ovulation include recording of previous menstrual
cycles (calendar rhythm), noting the basal body
temperature chart (temperature rhythm) and observing
excessive mucoid vaginal discharge (mucus rhythm).
The users of the calendar method obtain the period of
abstinence from calculations based on the previous
twelve menstrual cycle records.
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
94. (3)
PHYSICS
Sol. Thrombokinase catalyses the formation of thrombin
from prothrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to 101. (3)
fibrin. A clot is formed of a network of fibrin threads in
which dead and damaged formed elements of blood 1 2 K2 
are trapped. Enterokinase activates trypsinogen. Sol. KE  2 mv  1  2 
 R 
Streptokinase helps dissolve blood clots. Hexokinase
catalyses the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-
phosphate. 1 2
KEring  mv (1  1)
95. (4)  2
KEdisc 1 2 1
Sol. The testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity mv  1  
2  2
within a pouch called scrotum. The scrotum helps in
maintaining the low temperature of the testes (2–
2.5° C lower than the normal internal body 8 2
  KEdisc  6J
temperature) necessary for spermatogenesis KEdisc 3 / 2

96. (1) 102. (3)

Sol. Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate
KE tran  1
Heart rate = Cardiac output/ Stroke volume  2
Sol. KERot  K
= 5600/70 = 80 bpm
R2
Since each minute has 60 seconds,
duration of each cardiac cycle = 60/80 = 0.75 sec. K2
given KE tran  KERot  1
97. (4) R2

Sol. Hormonal implants are a long-acting form of It must be a ring.

contraception that release a steady dose of the
hormone progestin into the body. They are small, thin 103. (4)
rods that are inserted under the skin, usually in the
upper arm, by a healthcare provider. 1
mV 2
KET 2
98. (3) 
Sol. KE 1  K2 
Sol. Pineal gland located on dorsal side of fore brain mV 2  1  2 
2  R 
secretes melatonin.
99. (3)
1 5
 
Sol. There are two types of contraceptive pills: combined  2 7
oral contraceptive pills and progestin only pills. 1  
 5
Combined oral contraceptive pills oestrogen and
progestin. These pills work by preventing ovulation and 104. (2)
by thickening the cervical mucus, which makes it more
difficult for sperm to reach the egg. They also thin the g sin 
lining of the uterus, which can make it more difficult a
for a fertilised egg to implant. They also probably
Sol. Using
1  I c / mR2 
interfere with the tubal transport. The pills are also
reversible; a woman can stop taking them and become we get for hollow sphere
pregnant when she wishes.
100. (3) 3
a1  g sin 
5
Sol. The male accessory glands include paired seminal
vesicles, prostate, and paired bulbourethral glands. and for solid sphere
Secretions of these glands constitute the seminal
plasma, which is rich in fructose, calcium, and certain
5
enzymes. The secretions of the bulbourethral glands a2  g sin 
also help in the lubrication of the penis. 7
Glucose is not a constituent of seminal plasma.
Again from v2 = 0 + 2 as, we can write v2 > v1
8
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
105. (3) 111. (2)
Sol. If 1 is positively charged, then 2 should be negatively
charged, then 4 should be positively charged. Now, 1 1 Q
and 4 cannot attract. It means ball 1 should be neutral Sol. E  4   2
0 d
(2 and 4 cannot be neutral because they are showing
repulsion with 3 and 5, respectively). 112. (2)
106. (3)
Sol. Maximum torque applied
1 3Q
Sol. E  4  2  towards (3Q)
0 r  pE  10 6  2  10 2  10 5  2  10 13 Nm
 1 Q
E2   away from (q) 113. (4)
4 0 r 2
 Sol. The electric field is present in the y–z plane. So, if we
E place a square surface in the y–z plane, the area vector
   (same direction)  of the plane will be perpendicular to the electric field
3
and hence cos  becomes 0 as  is 90 degrees. So,
107. (1)
EA cos  becomes zero i.e. no flux through the surface.
Sol. In second case, charges will be -2 µC and + 3 µC
 Since F  Q1 Q2 , we have  114. (2)

F Q1 Q2 qinclosed q  q 2q
 Sol. E  0

0

0
F  Q1 Q2

40 3  8 115. (4)
   4  F   10N (Attractive) 
F  2  3
108. (2) Sol. Flux through all faces according to Gauss law= Q / ε0
Sol. The electric field for a uniformly charged non–
conducting sphere increases linearly from zero at the Q
centre to maximum at the surface. Outside the sphere Thus through one face,  flux  6
0
the field reduces according to inverse-square law with
increasing distance from the centre. 116. (3)
109. (4)
Sol. Increase in K.E =work done

Sol. Electric field E  2 W=F. S=qEy
0

where   surface charge density. 117. (3)

E is independent of r.
110. (3) Sol. E  3î  4ˆj
Sol. The force that acts on each of the three charges kept
at the given equilateral triangle is F  mE  6i  8 j
Now, the force is given by
F  36  64N  10N
1 q2
F
40 l2 8 4
tan   
6 3

 530  with x   axis 

118. (2)
and therefore the force on the charge –q is given by
Sol. The escape velocity is independent of mass of the
F q  F 2  F 2  2FF cos 60  3F body and the direction of projection. It depends upon
the gravitational potential at the point from where the
 1 q2   3 q2  body is launched.Since this potential depends slightly
 3 
 4  12   4  l2  on the latitude and height of the point, the escape
 0   0  velocity depends slightly on these factors.

9
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
119. (4) 126. (3)

Sol. Kinetic energy of the satellite, K 

GMm m1m2  2m1  2m2  16m1m2
2r Sol. F  2
 2

r (r / 2) r2
GMEm
Potential energy of the satellite,  U   F   16F
r
127. (3)
U Sol. If a point mass is placed inside a uniform spherical
Their corresponding ratio is   2
K shell, the gravitational force on the point mass is zero.
120. (4) Hence, inside the shell there is no field
128. (0)
2 9
Sol. Cp / C v  1    f 7 Sol. Let m be mass of a body.
f 7
Weight of the body on the surface of the earth is W =
where f is the degrees of freedom
mg = 250 N
121. (1) Acceleration due to gravity at a depth d below the
Sol. Mass of satellite X centripetal acceleration =
 d 
Gravitational force of attraction on satellite surface of the earth is g   g  1  R 
 E 
GMm
 m2r  Weight of the body at depth d is
r2

 2 
2
GM  4 2  3  d 
 2 W   mg   mg  1  
  r  2  T    r  RE 
 T  r  GM 
122. (3)
RE
Sol. Since gravitational force of attraction of sun on the Here, d 
2
planet passes though the centre of sun , it produces
no moment about the centre of sun.
 RE 
So angular momentum of the planet about the centre   mg W 250N
of sun is conserved.At perigee , L =mvr = constant. W  mg  1  2     125N
 RE  2 2 2
Since apogee r is minimum , v is maximum and KE (1/
2 mV2) is also maximum.Also , KE +PE = TE = Constant.  
So PE is maximum at perigee. 129. (4)
123. (3) 13.6 13.6
Sol. En    3.4eV
Sol. Kepler's second law is a consequence of the n2 4
conservation of angular momentum 130. (4)
statement: areal velocity remains constant Sol. According to Bohr's model of atom, radius of an atom
124. (,2) in its ground state.

GMem a0
Sol. Force, F  , r where  o  Bohr's radius = 53 pm and
R2 Z

F
GMpm

4GMmpm Z = atomic number  3  for Li

 
 Dp 2  Dp2
Here,  
 2  53
  r   17.67pm  18 pm
3
We know F = ma
131. (3)
F 4GMp Sol. the distance of closest approach can be obtained by
Acceleration due to gravity a  m  D2
p using the conservation of energy principle is
125. (2) 1 2 1 Ze2e
mv 
d 2 4 0 r
x
Sol. distance of null point m2 So r is the distance of closest approach is inversely
1
m1 proportional to kinetic enrergy of the alpha particle.

10
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
132. (1) 137. (3)

n2  h n1  h Sol. eE  mg
Sol. L  L2  L1  
2 2
mg 16  106  10
e   16  10 11 C.
h h E 106
 L  n2  n1  
2 2 138. (3)

133. (3) 1
Sol. Kinetic energy of translation,  K t  m2R2
2
Sol. WAB  P0 V0
Total energy 
WBC  0
1 2 1 1 1  1
E I  m2R2   mR2  2  m2R2
and   WCD  4P0 V0 2 2 22  2

 WABCD  P0 V0  0  4P0 V0 3 3 3

 m2R2   2K t   2 Joule  3 Joule
4 4 2
 3P0 V0 139. (2)

134. (3) Sol. Let the charge q be placed between the given two
charges and at a distance r from the charge 9e.
Sol. We know that, PV = nRT
It is obvious that if V is constant, then a graph between K(9e)q Keq 3 1
    r  12cm
P and T will be a straight line passing through origin. r 2
(16  r) 2 r 16  r
Further, if P is constant then a graph between V and T
will be a straight line passing through origin. So, here 140. (4)
volume is constant. Sol. In a system of particles , resultant gravitational force
acting on a particle is the vector sum of forces exerted
Therefore, work done is zero.
on that particle by all other particles.
135. (2)
141. (0)
3 3 3 3
Sol. V1  5 Its  5  10 m ; V2  10 lts  10  10 m
mv 2 GmM
Sol.  2
r r
P  2atm  2  1.01  105 pa  2  105 p.a
 GM 
W  PV  P  V2  V1  or  V    ....(i)
 r 

 
 2  105 10  10 3  5  10 3 J
Given that v 
1
ve 
1  2GM 
 
2 2  R 
 2  105  5  103  1000J
 GM 
136. (0) or V    ....(ii)
 2R 
Sol. +3Q can be written as (+2Q+Q)
From eqs. (1) and (2), we get
+2Q and –2Q form a dipole whose moment is
 GM   GM 
p1  2Q  2l  4Ql()     or r = 2R
 r   2R 
+Q and –Q form another dipole whose moment is  Height from earth =2 R–R = R

p2  Q  l  Ql() 142. (2)

  
 p  p1  p2 Sol. V   3Ve 2  Ve2  9Ve2  Ve2 V  8Ve2

 p  4Ql  Ql  5Ql V  2 2Ve  2 2(11.2km / s)V  31.7km / sec

11
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
143. (3) 147. (3)
Sol. For a second pendulum, T = 2 Sol. dQ  dU  nv dT

l  R2I  8.4

 2  2    2   500  4  3   dT
g  GM  2

 dT  10 C
 R2 
or 2  2    ( 1  1m) ...(1)
 GM  148. (2)
Sol. dQ = du + dw
At another planet
dw = dQ–du= 110–40=70 joule.
 4R2Ip   2R2Ip 
2  2    2   149. (1)
...(2)
 G(2M)   GM 
Sol. The mean kinetic energy of a gas molecule is given by
From eqs. (1) and (2), we get fkT
E =  . For  H2 and  O2 molecules  f  2
2
 R2   2R2Ip  150. (4)
    
 GM   GM 
 
2
Sol. P  E where E is kinetic energy per unit volume
 Ip  0.5m 3

144. (2) 2 300

P  2  105
Sol. Number of different spectral lines 3 10 3

n(n  1) 4(4  1)
NE   6 CHEMISTRY
2 2
145. (4) 151. (3)

Sol. Coefficient of performance Sol. E2O3 reacts with only basic oxide indicates that E2O3
must be acidic in nature.
Q2 1
  only B2O3 is acidic in nature
Q1  Q2 3
152. (4)
3Q2  Q1  Q2
Sol. TlI3 does not exists due to following reasons
4Q2  Q1  200
(i) Tl+3 is strong oxidizing agent
Q2  50J
(ii) I– is strong reducing agent
W  Q1  Q2  200  50  150J
153. (4)
146. (1)
Sol. W = Area under   –V graph Sol. only Sn decomposes steam

Sn + 2H2O  SnO2 + H2

SnO2 is amphoteric

154. (4)

Sol. X BF3 + Y LiAlH4  Z B2H6 + P LiF + Q AlF3

A 2  A1  A 3
X = 4 ; Y = 3 ; Z = 2 ; P = 3 and Q = 3
 W2  W1  W3

12
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
155. (3) 165. (4)
Sol. carbon can't form multiple bond with large size atom. Sol. Gases having same molar mass will have same rate of
156. (3) diffusion
Sol. SiCl4 undergoes hydrolysis by accepting lone pair of 166. (1)
electrons from water molecule in d-orbitals of Si
157. (2) 8RT
Sol. Average velocity =  at same temperature
M
Sol. silicon is non metal and used as semi-conductor
158. (2) (i) lesser the molar mass greater is average velocity
(ii) molar mass is same average velocity is same
Sol. B2H6 + 3O2   B2O3 + 3H2O; Hc  = - 1976 kJ/mole
167. (4)
3  18  19.76 Sol. Ideal gas equation is a relation between four variables
mass of water formed =  = 0.54 gm
1976 and defines state of any gas, hence known as equation
159. (1) of state.
Sol. Carbon is having highest electrical resistivity at 293K 168. (1)
160. (4) pO2 5.25
Sol. Fullerene Sol. χ O2    0.21
Ptotal 25
i. Aromatic
ii. C atoms undergoes sp2 hybridization XNe  1  X O2  1  0.21  0.79

iii.  f H  order graphite < diamond < fullerene partial pressure of Ne = 0.79 x 25 = 19.75 bar
161. (2) 169. (3)
Sol. Column – I Column – II Sol. Van der Waal's constant "a" is independent of
temperature and pressure
a) non metallic, extremely i) B
hard black coloured solid 170. (2)

b) used to measure high ii) Ga 20  22.4

Sol. molar mass =  80
temperatures 5.6
c) white fumes appear iii) Al 32 + 16X = 80
around the bottle of X=3
anhydrous metal chloride 171. (1)
d) synthetically prepared iv) Nh Sol. with increase in temperature viscosity decreases
radioactive element at high temperature molecules have high kinetic
162. (2) energy
molecule overcomes intermolecular forces to slip past
Sol. HCOOH 
 Conc. H2 SO4
 CO  H2O
373K one another between the layers
X = CO can't reduce alkali and alkaline earth metal 172. (1)
oxides Sol. Kinetic energy per mol or Kinetic energy per molecule
163. (1) depends only temperature. Temperatue is same
average kinetic energy is also same the ratio is 1 : 1
Sol. PM = dRT
173. (1)
PM 1  44 Sol. Soluble Slightly soluble Sparingly soluble
d   1.78gram / itre
RT 1
300  Solubility 0.01 M < solubility Solubility
12
> 0.1 M < 0.1 < 0.01 M
164. (1)
174. (2)
W
Sol. PV  RT Sol. MOH(s)  MS O(aq)  MS (aq)  OHS (aq)
M
K sp  S2  1010  S2  S  105
WRT M  16(0.0821)400
M
PV 2(16.42)
OR OH   10 5  P OH  5  P H  9
M  16 grams / mole 

13
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
175. (2) 179. (2)

Sol. M2 X  2M  X  Sol. Salt solubility in solubility product Ksp

mole/lit

2s1 s1 AgCN S1 = 3 ×10-8 9×10-16

Ni(OH)2 S2 = 4 ×10-6 2.56  × 10-16
K sp  4s1 3  or, s1  K sp / 4 
1 /3

since S2 > S1 AgCN is less soluble than Ni(OH)2

 
MX  M  X ,K sp  s 2
2 180. (4)

 or, s2  K sp  Sol. A=H2O;B=NH3 and C=NF3

1 /2

181. (1)
MX 3  M3   3X 
Sol. Fluorine has more electronegativity than O, and
S 3s according to Fajan's rule, the size should be small to
have more ionic character. Thus NaF is more ionic.
 or,  s 3  K sp / 27 
1 /4
K sp  27s 34
But gaining one more electron to O2 will mean much
176. (1) more stability, so it is be an exothermic reaction. This
expectation is true if we consider a neutral species
but as O- is negligibly charged adding another
Sol. AgCl  Ag+ + Cl- negatively charged species will be difficult as the like
charges will repel each other, so formation of O2- from
Ksp =S2 =10-10 O- is endothermic.

S = 10-5 182. (4)

KNO3  K   NO3
There are no common ions the addition of KNO3 has
no effect over solubility of AgCl so solubility =10-5
177. (1)
Sol. Bond which forms between the atoms through sharing
of valence electrons are known as covalent bond.
There are two types of covalent bond:
(1) Polar covalent bond: When there is unequal sharing
of electrons between the bonded atoms.

Sol. SnS2  s   SnS2  aq 

 Sn4  aq  2S2  aq (2) Non-polar covalent bond: When there is equal
sharing of electrons between the bonded atoms.
2
 K sp   Sn4   S2  183. (2)

178. (4) Sol. Resonance exists in ozone, therefore the bond length
of O-O in ozone is more than 121 pm and less than
148 pm. Bond length of O-O in ozone is 128 pm.
1
Sol. Solubility  Therefore, the correct answer is option-C.
 Common ion concentration 
184. (1)
Ions presents in AgCI are Ag+ and CI–
Sol. CI2 is containing non-polar single covalent bond
(A)  Ag    0.1M  1
185. (3)
(B) Cl   0.1M  2


Sol. AB2E and AB2E2 are triatomic bent molecules.

(C) Cl   0.15M  1


AB2E ---- 2 bond pair electrons and 1 lone pair electron
eg : SO2 ;O3
(D) NO common ion
AB2E2 --- 2 bond pair electrons and 2 lone pair electrons
 solubility of AgCI in D > A > C > B eg : H2O
14
 (Sr AIIMS Super-60)
186. (1) 193. (2)

Sol. Hydrogen bond depends on physical state of the Sol. When ammonium nitrate is heated at 250°C, nitrous
compound. It is maximum in solid state and minimum oxide of nitrogen is obtained along with H2O molecule.
in gaseous state. The reaction takes place as,

NH4NO3  N2 O  2H2 O

194. (2)

Sol. If we consider the solid state it exists as an ionic solid,

[PCl4 ]+ [PCl6 ] – in which the cation, [PCl4 ] + is
tetrahedral and the anion, [PCl6 ] – octahedral.
187. (2)
195. (2)
Sol. CH2O -----sp2 ----- trigonal palnar

CH3Cl --- sp3 ---- tetrahedral Sol. Column – I Column – II

HCN ---- sp ----- linear a) NO i) Colourless and

paramagnetic
188. (1)
b) NO 2 iii) Reddish brown and
Sol. According to V .B .T a  σ  bond is stronger than    bond paramagnetic
,   bond is formed in addition to a sigma bond in the
same two atoms already bonded by sigma bond and c) N2 O 3 v) Anhydride of Nitrous
overlapping of atomic orbitals is to a larger extent in a acid
sigma bond than pi bond.
d) N2 O 5 iv) Anhydride of Nitric
189. (4) acid
196. (3)
Sol. Formal charge on S - atom:
Sol. If the M-H bond is weak then it can release the
Formal charge = Valence electrons hydrogen ion easily and act as good reducing agent.

  bonding electrons  197. (4)

   non-bonding electrons 
 2
 12 
 Formal charge   6  0    6  6  0
 2
190. (3)
Sol. Z = 9 is Fluorine atom.
It's ion is represented as F-.


Sol. The N-H bond are in the same direction so it will add,
to the bond moment of the lone pair. But in N-F bonds
are in the opposite direction.
198. (4)
Sol. The valency of an element depends on the availability
of d-orbitals. The electrons may undergo excitation
and expand the octet also.

199. (2)
Fluorine gains one electron to attain octet. .

191. (3) Sol. Brown ring complex formula  Fe H2 O 5 NO  SO4

Sol. in solid BeCl2 chloro bridged chains are present 200. (1)
each Be is bonded to 4 Cl atoms Sol. P-P-P bond angle in white phosphorus is 60°. There is
an angle strain in white phosphorous which increase
hybridization is sp3 its reactivity.

192. (1) Therefore, white phosphorous is more reactive than

red phosphorus.
Sol. higher the dielectric constant value, higher is the
solubility.

15