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Physics Project Class XII 2021 22 Investigatory Project
Physics Project Class XII 2021 22 Investigatory Project
Project
Session : 2022 - 23
A Project Report On
“ Electromagnetic Induction”
Submitted by
S.Sarvesh Mariappan
Class - XII ‘A’ (Science)
Roll no -
1
Table of Contents
Certificate
Declaration
Acknowledgement
Aim of Project
Introduction
Theory
Apparatus Required
Law
Conclusion
Bibliography
2
VALLABA VIDYALAYA
Certificate
This is to certify that S.Sarvesh Mariappan student
th
of class XII (Sci.) has successfully prepared the report on the
Project entitled “Electromagnetic Induction”
under the guidance of
Mr. Ramar Sir (Physics).
The report is the result of his efforts & endeavors.
The report is found worthy of acceptance as final
Project report for the subject Physics
th
of class XII (sci.).
Signature of Principal
3
Declaration
I hereby declare that the project work entitled
“Electromagnetic Induction”,
Submitted to
is prepared by me.
S.Sarvesh Mariappan
Class: XIIth (Science)
4
Acknowledgement
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks and gratitude
to my project guide Mr. Ramar sir for guiding me immensely gh
through the course of the project. He always evinced keen
interest in my project. His constructive advice & constant
motivation have been responsible for the successful completion
of his project.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank all those who had
helped directly or indirectly towards the completion
of this project.
S.Sarvesh Mariappan
Class- XIIth (Science)
5
AIM
6
Introduction
Faraday’s law of induction is a basic law of electromagnetism
that predicts how a magnetic field will interact with an electric
circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF). It is the
fundamental operating principle of transformers, inductors,
and many types of electrical motors and generators.
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Theory
Magnetic flux:
𝜱B = B ∙ S = BS cos 𝜽
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For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux
through infinitesimal area element dS, where we may consider
the field to be constant
d 𝜱B = B ∙ dS
𝜱B = 𝒅𝑺
𝑨∙d𝒍
Where the line integral is taken over the boundary of the surface
S, which is denoted dS.
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Apparatus Required
1. Insulated copper wire
2. An iron rod
3. A strong magnet, and
4. A light emitting diode (LED)
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Law
.
The most widespread version of Faraday’s law states :-
This version of Faraday’s law strictly holds only when the closed
circuit is a loop of infinitely thin wire and is invalid in other
circumstances as discussed below. A different version, the
Maxwell-Faraday equation (discussed below), is valid in all
circumstances.
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The EMF on a wire loop is:
𝗌=𝟏 𝑭 ∙d 𝒍 = (𝑬 + 𝑽 × 𝑩) ∙ 𝒅𝒍
𝒒 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆
Where 𝛁 is the curl operator and again E(r,t) is the electric field
and B(r,t) is the magnetic field. These fields can generally be
functions of position r and time t.
The four Maxwell’s equation (including the Maxwell-Faraday
equation), along with the Lorentz force law, are a sufficient
foundation to derive everything in classical electromagnetism.
Therefore it is possible to “prove” Faraday’s law starting with the se
equation. Faraday’s law could be taken as the starting point and
used to “prove” the Maxwell Faraday equation and/or other
laws.
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Conclusion
Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and
published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century,
describes a very important electromagnetic concept. Although its
mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence of
Faraday’s is not hard to grasp, it relates an induced electric
potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has
many far- reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many
ways, from the shining of the sun to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes.
We can all appreciate the profound Faraday’s law has on us.
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Bibliography
https://en.wikipedia.org
https://www.google.co.in
Class 12 Physics Lab Manual
Class 12 NCERT Textbook
https://www.vaibhavkandwal.com
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