WIRELESS MOBILE PHONE

CHARGING

A Seminar I report submitted in

partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In

Electronics Engineering

Submitted by

AMOL B. BAGUL

DEPARTMENT OF SECOND YEAR ENGINEERING

S.S.V.P.S.’s B.S. DEORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DHULE
2022-2023
 WIRELESS MOBILE PHONE
CHARGING

A Seminar I report submitted in

partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
in

Electronics Engineering

Submitted by

AMOL B. BAGUL
Guided by

PROF. RAJPUT MADAM

DEPARTMENT OF SECOND YEAR ENGINEERING

S.S.V.P.S.’s B.S. DEORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DHULE
 S.S.V.P.S.’s B.S. DEORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
DHULE
DEPARTMENT OF SECOND YEAR ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Seminar I entitled “SEMINAR TITLE” has been
carried out by
AMOL B. BAGUL
under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in <Name of Branch> of DBATU, Lonere during the academic
year 2022-2022. To the best of my knowledge and belief this work has not
been submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree.
Date:

Place: Dhule

Guide

PROF. RAJPUT MADAM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the Almighty God, for keeping giving
usHis blessings, allowing us to have the opportunity to be students at DTU.Our deepest
appreciation to our families and friends for their endless love, support
andencouragement.We would like to extend our sincere thanks to our Electromagnetics
lecturer, Mr. SumitKumar Khandelwal, for always provide his guidance, and lecturing with
great enthusiasm andpatience, leaving no space to doubts, enabling us to do the project and
the report in the bestpossible way.
 ABSTRACT

This paper presents the conception and construction of a wireless mobile charger
usinginductive coupling. To achieve the desired objective, the electronics
components andmaterials used were an N-channel MOSFET, rectifier diodes,
LEDs, voltage regulator,resistors, capacitor, enamelled copper wire and DC voltage
suppliers. The project consists oftwo circuits: A transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit. The
transmitter circuit consists of DCsource, oscillator circuit and a transmitter coil, and its
function is to produce and transmit ACpower. The receiver circuit consists of receiver coil,
rectifier circuit and regulator. When thereceiver coil is placed at a distance near the inductor
Ac power is induced in the coil. This isrectified by the rectifier circuit and is regulated to DC
 TABLEOFCONTENTSC

andidates’ declaration............................................................................................................i

Certificate.................................................................................................................................ii
Acknowledgement...................................................................................................................iii
Abstract....................................................................................................................................iv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................1

1.1. General........................................................................................................................1

1.2. Objectives....................................................................................................................1

1.3. Methodology................................................................................................................2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW & PROJECT’S DESCRIPTION.......................3

2.1. Literature review.........................................................................................................3

2.1.1. Wireless charging.................................................................................................3

2.1.2. Wireless charging using microwave.....................................................................4

2.1.3. Inductive coupling wireless charger.....................................................................5

2.1.4. Fulton’s bidirectional wireless charger................................................................7

2.1.5. Chargebite wireless charger.................................................................................8

2.2.Project’s description....................................................................................................9

2.2.1. Components used.................................................................................................9

2.2.2.Project’sworkingexplanation............................................................................10

CHAPTER3:DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION...........................................................12

3.1. Discussion..................................................................................................................12

3.1.1. Advantages of the project...................................................................................12

3.1.2. Disadvantages of the project..............................................................................12

3.2.Conclusion.................................................................................................................12

REFERENCES.................................................................................................................14
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Wireless charging
simplified
diagram.....................................
..................................3
Figure 2: Wireless charging
using
microwaves..............................
...........................................4
Figure 3: Inductive coupling
block
diagram.....................................
........................................6
Figure 4: Fulton's
bidirectional.............................
..................................................
..................7
Figure 5: Chargebite wireless
charger......................................
.................................................
8
Figure 6: Transmitter's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
........11
Figure 7: Receiver's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
.............11
Figure 8: (a) Assembled
transmitter (b) Assembled
receiver
(c)Prototype.............................
11 TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Wireless charging
simplified
diagram.....................................
..................................3
Figure 2: Wireless charging
using
microwaves..............................
...........................................4
Figure 3: Inductive coupling
block
diagram.....................................
........................................6
Figure 4: Fulton's
bidirectional.............................
..................................................
..................7
Figure 5: Chargebite wireless
charger......................................
.................................................
8
Figure 6: Transmitter's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
........11
Figure 7: Receiver's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
.............11
Figure 8: (a) Assembled
transmitter (b) Assembled
receiver
(c)Prototype.............................
11 TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Wireless charging
simplified
diagram.....................................
..................................3
Figure 2: Wireless charging
using
microwaves..............................
...........................................4
Figure 3: Inductive coupling
block
diagram.....................................
........................................6
Figure 4: Fulton's
bidirectional.............................
..................................................
..................7
Figure 5: Chargebite wireless
charger......................................
.................................................
8
Figure 6: Transmitter's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
........11
Figure 7: Receiver's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
.............11
Figure 8: (a) Assembled
transmitter (b) Assembled
receiver
(c)Prototype.............................
11
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Wireless charging
simplified
diagram.....................................
..................................3
Figure 2: Wireless charging
using
microwaves..............................
...........................................4
Figure 3: Inductive coupling
block
diagram.....................................
........................................6
Figure 4: Fulton's
bidirectional.............................
..................................................
..................7
Figure 5: Chargebite wireless
charger......................................
.................................................
8
Figure 6: Transmitter's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
........11
Figure 7: Receiver's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
.............11
Figure 8: (a) Assembled
transmitter (b) Assembled
receiver
(c)Prototype.............................
11
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Wireless charging
simplified
diagram.....................................
..................................3
Figure 2: Wireless charging
using
microwaves..............................
...........................................4
Figure 3: Inductive coupling
block
diagram.....................................
........................................6
Figure 4: Fulton's
bidirectional.............................
..................................................
..................7
Figure 5: Chargebite wireless
charger......................................
.................................................
8
Figure 6: Transmitter's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
........11
Figure 7: Receiver's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
.............11
Figure 8: (a) Assembled
transmitter (b) Assembled
receiver
(c)Prototype.............................
11
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Wireless charging
simplified
diagram.....................................
..................................3
Figure 2: Wireless charging
using
microwaves..............................
...........................................4
Figure 3: Inductive coupling
block
diagram.....................................
........................................6
Figure 4: Fulton's
bidirectional.............................
..................................................
..................7
Figure 5: Chargebite wireless
charger......................................
.................................................
8
Figure 6: Transmitter's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
........11
Figure 7: Receiver's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
.............11
Figure 8: (a) Assembled
transmitter (b) Assembled
receiver
(c)Prototype.............................
11
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Wireless charging
simplified
diagram.....................................
..................................3
Figure 2: Wireless charging
using
microwaves..............................
...........................................4
Figure 3: Inductive coupling
block
diagram.....................................
........................................6
Figure 4: Fulton's
bidirectional.............................
..................................................
..................7
Figure 5: Chargebite wireless
charger......................................
.................................................
8
Figure 6: Transmitter's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
........11
Figure 7: Receiver's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
.............11
Figure 8: (a) Assembled
transmitter (b) Assembled
receiver
(c)Prototype.............................
11
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Wireless charging
simplified
diagram.....................................
..................................3
Figure 2: Wireless charging
using
microwaves..............................
...........................................4
Figure 3: Inductive coupling
block
diagram.....................................
........................................6
Figure 4: Fulton's
bidirectional.............................
..................................................
..................7
Figure 5: Chargebite wireless
charger......................................
.................................................
8
Figure 6: Transmitter's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
........11
Figure 7: Receiver's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
.............11
Figure 8: (a) Assembled
transmitter (b) Assembled
receiver
(c)Prototype.............................
11
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Wireless charging
simplified
diagram.....................................
..................................3
Figure 2: Wireless charging
using
microwaves..............................
...........................................4
Figure 3: Inductive coupling
block
diagram.....................................
........................................6
Figure 4: Fulton's
bidirectional.............................
..................................................
..................7
Figure 5: Chargebite wireless
charger......................................
.................................................
8
Figure 6: Transmitter's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
........11
Figure 7: Receiver's
circuit.......................................
..................................................
.............11
Figure 8: (a) Assembled
transmitter (b) Assembled
receiver
(c)Prototype.............................
11
TABLE OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1. GENERAL

As time goes by, emerging technologies are making humanity’s life

simpler. As an example, there are of mobile phones, whose introduction has rapidly and
greatly changed humans’ lives. But although there is much advancement in the technology,
there is still reliance on the wired battery chargers, in spite the fact that it presents some risks,
such as power fluctuations.

It was by thinking in the above-mentioned problem that the present project was chosen,
a wireless mobile charger.

This project falls in the categories of case study and solutions to real time social and
economic problems.

1.2. OBJECTIVES

The project had as its objectives the following aspects:

 To implement a wireless mobile charger;

 To delimitate the advantages, disadvantages and applications for the project;
 To present possible solutions, if any, to solve or mitigate the impact of the

1.3. METHODOLOGY

Following is the methodology implemented for the realization of the project:

 Exploratory research;
 Qualitative research;
 Bibliographic research;
 CHAPTER2

LITERATURE REVIEW & PROJECT’S DESCRIPTION

2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.1. Wireless charging

Wireless charging is the transmission of energy from a power source to a

consuming device without wires or cables. This means that all wireless
charging technologies are comprised of both a transmitter (or charging station) that
transmits that energy and a receiver (integrated inside a device) that receives the
energy to charges the battery of the device. In simpler terms, wireless charging is the
transfer of power from a power outlet to your device, without the need for a
connecting cable.

It involves a power transmitting pad and a receiver, sometimes in the form of a

case attached to a mobile device or built into the phone itself. When we said it was
cable-free, it is not quite, because the pad will have a cable going from the outlet into
it
Wireless mobile charging circuit mainly works on the principle of mutual
inductance. Power is transferred from transmitter to the receiver wirelessly based on
the principle of “inductive coupling”.

Figure 1: Wireless charging simplified diagram

42.1.2. Wireless Charging Using Microwave

The microwave charging set up consists of two sections: the first section is the
transmitter and the other, located in the mobile phone side, is the receiver section. To carry
out the mobile phones recharging anywhere you want without traditional charger this is
achieved only when there is utilization of microwave signal which is transmitted from
transmitter at a frequency of 2.45GHz.Typically, the transmitter design includes generation of
a carrier signal, which is normally sinusoidal, optionally one or more frequency
multiplication stages, a modulator, a power amplifier, and a filter and matching network to
be connected to an antenna as shown in the figure below:

Figure 2: Wireless charging using microwaves

The receiver side includes a rectenna and a sensor. The function of the rectenna is to
convert the microwave signal into the dc power. Schottky diodes are used to
constructrectenna. They are normally arranged in a mesh pattern. Rectenna is very efficient to
convert the microwave signal into the dc electric power. The dimensions of rectenna can be
reduced by utilizing the nano technology. The sensor is another important part of the receiver.
The phone is going to be charged while a person is talking. So, the function of the sensor is to
detect whether the mobile phone is utilizing microwaves or not.
 5Advantages:
 Electric energy is saved.
 The mobile phone can be charged anytime anywhere even if the position is
freed from facilities for mobile phone charging.
 The microwave radiation works on far field at a greater distance. In addition,
for the far-field technique, the transmitter is not affected by the absorption of
the radiation.

Disadvantages:

 The transmitter and the receiver also should be very powerful devices as the
distance increases the charging is very slower.
 The far-field power charging is inversely proportional with the distance.
 When supplied equal power, mobile phones take longer time to charge
comparing with the traditional charging, due to its lower efficiency.
 Not safe when the microwave density exposure is high.
 It is costlier.
 Line-of-sight charging.

2.1.3. Inductive Coupling Wireless Charger

Two conductors are said to be inductively coupled or magnetically coupled

when they are configured such that a change in current through one wire induces a
voltage across the ends of the other wire through electromagnetic induction. A
changing current through the first wire creates a changing magnetic field around
it by Ampere’s circuital law. The changing magnetic field induces an
electromotive force (EMF or voltage) in the second wire by Faraday’s law of
induction. The amount of inductive coupling between two conductors is measured by
their mutual inductance.
The coupling between two wires can be increased by winding them into coils
and placing them close together on a common axis, so the magnetic field of one coil
passes through the other coil. Coupling can also be increased by a magnetic core of a
ferromagnetic material like iron or ferrite in the coils, which increases the magnetic
flux. The two coils may be physically contained in a single unit, as in the primary and
secondary windings of a transformer, or may be separated. Coupling may be
intentional or unintentional. Unintentional inductive coupling can cause signals from
one circuit to be induced into
Inductive power transfer technique is being utilized in various
applications for transmitting power wirelessly. Chargers of inductively coupled type
are being utilized for wireless charging of iPad, MP3 Player, mobile phones, and other
handheld devices

Figure 3: Inductive coupling block diagram

WPT using inductive wireless charger can be included three parts.

First, sender, the sender transmits electromagnetically power through inductive coils
which provide a wireless transmit of power to receiver part. Second part is inductive
coupling (sender coil and receiver coil), which acts as the antenna (sender antenna and
receiver antenna), and forwards the power to the bridge rectifier. Third, bridge
rectifier that converts the induced voltage from the ac to the dc voltage, and finally the
dc voltage will recharge the battery and provide the load. Figure 3 depicts the block
diagram of inductive WPT
Shielding materials like the presence of books, hands and certain types of
plastics do not affect the WPT much.

Advantages:
 No tedious wire work required.
 Safety increases.
 Low maintenance cost.
 Durability, less wear and tear on the socket of the device
and attaching cable
Disadvantages:
 Efficiency is lower.
 Charging is slower.
 Doesn`t work over large distance.
2.1.4. Fulton’s Bidirectional Wireless Charger

Fulton Innovation revealed its bidirectional charging technology called Coupling. The
technology would essentially allow someone to charge their mobile phone by simply putting
it on the back of a tablet, as shown in Figure 4, or another device that has enabled Qi. Fulton
Innovation has modified Qi WPT technique that permits for the charging of mobile devices
without plugging the mobile devices in, by simply placing them on a power station connected
to an outlet

Figure 4: Fulton's bidirectional

In the bidirectional power supply as the name suggests, phone will not only receive
the power but it also can transmit power to another device which can receive this power. Here
all you need to do is to install e-Coupled technology in your phone. First when these two Qi
enabled phone will come near to each other the device with more battery than other will ask
user how much percent he wants the charging in the other device. According to it, the device
with extra battery will charge the other device. It can not only charge the phone but with the
help of it we can charge something more power consuming than phone.

Advantages:

 We will not need any pad to charge the phone.

 It charges the phone as a speed of wall mounted wired charger.

Disadvantages:

 We cannot use the phone while the charging is in process.

 We cannot charge the phone by putting it away from the host phones.
2.1.5. Charge bite Wireless Charger
Due to the short battery lives in smartphones, it is inevitable that one can face a
situation in which a critical task such as making an emergency phone call, sending a
business-related email or reaching a contact information in the device may not be performed.
As it is very unlikely that all such devices in the vicinity will deplete their battery at the same
time, such a power sharing solution could be a promising remedy especially in emergency
situations in which even a small amount of charge could be sufficient to perform the urgent
task because even a short duration of energy sharing could extend a critical task (e.g., 12
seconds of charging will enable one-minute call or two minutes of charging can support 4
minutes of video watching). Power sharing between mobile devices could be achieved by
various power sharing methods such as charge bite charger.
Charge bite was firstly introduced by Asaf Gaber and his partner Liran Elihay. The
working of charge bite is so much different from the other entire wireless charger available in
the market. Basically, charge bite is a device with which we have to connect another two
iPhones and these two iPhones charge the third iPhone which is connected. It drains battery
from two iPhones and delivers the power to the third one. Charge bite is completely portable
and can be attached to a keychain as shown in Figure6a. Charge bite contains no power USB,
ports outlets, or charging cables. It can be called as social charger which needs no pre-
charging or preparations because it acts no more than a transmission medium between mobile
phones. Charge Bite combinations can be obtained in three different colours as depicted in
Figure 5(b).

Figure 5: Charge bite wireless charger

Advantages:

 It does not need any induction coil or a capacitive batter.

 It is reliable.
 It is small in size and hence portable.

Disadvantages:

 It works with 30-pin iDevices only.

 it needs at least another two iPhones to charge a single iPhone

2.2. PROJECT’S DESCRIPTION

2.2.1. Components used

The implementation of the project was implemented by using the following electronic
components:

 IRFZ44N transistor;
 1N4007 diodes;
 7805 voltage regulator;
 LEDs;
 Resistors (1kΩ and 250Ω);
 Capacitor (1000μF);
 Switch;
 Enamelled copper wire;
 PCB board;
 9V batteries.
 9V battery connectors.

Following was the cost of acquisition of the materials:

2.2.2. Project’s working explanation

The project mainly consists of a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit. he

transmitter will be connected to the power source. When the power source is on, electric
current will flow through the coil and according to Oersted’s law, "any moving electric
charge creates a magnetic field”. The strength of the magnetic field depends on the number of
coil available on the transmitter.

We will bring the receiver coil closer to the transmitter and the receiver coil
will be induce by the transmitter coil hence the transmitter coil has already created a
magnetic field in that available space. A changing magnetic field generate electromotive
force. This makes an alternating electric current in the receiver coil which is converted to DC
with a rectifier and then that DC voltage will charge the phone.

Following are the transmitter and receiver circuits, and of the

assembled prototype
 CHAPTER 3

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

3.1. DISCUSSION

3.1.1. Advantages of the project

Following are the advantages of the projects:

 It is of easy implementation and operation;

 It requires a low budget for its implementation;
 It reduces wear and tear of the device;
 If adapted, it can allow the simultaneous charging of multiple devices;
 It is of safer used than wired chargers.

3.1.2. Disadvantages of the project

Following are the disadvantages posed by the project:

 It is not compatible with all of the smartphones;

 The charging process is slower with wireless chargers than in the wired chargers;
 It is extremely hard to use it while charging.
3.2. CONCLUSION

From the present report it can be said that the project reached the objectives initially

proposed, and that even though the project presents some disadvantages, its advantages have
a greater impact on its implementation, working and an application.

Wireless charging has yet to become standard, but it is constantly improving as more
companies begin to integrate the technology into their devices. For example, Samsung and
several Android makers have already begun to integrate the technology into their devices, and
iPhone is rumoured to be working on wireless charging integration as well. Places like Ikea
and Starbucks have also started introducing wireless charging pads into their facilities

Nonetheless, wireless charging technology is no longer just about placing a smart phone on a
pad – we need to think about the next generation of devices. It may take some time, but
wireless charging is unquestionably on the horizon. So next time we hear about wireless
charging, think of our future devices, be it wearable’s or IoT devices that will seamlessly or
wirelessly be charged in charging stations part of your everyday environment
REFERENCES