Ephesian 4:2 “B completel humbl an

gentl ; b patien , bearin wit on

another i lov ”
A man lives on his own. One day, he switches off the light,
leaves his house and ten people die. Explain.

He lives in a lighthouse. As the light was switched off, a

ship was wrecked on the rocks.
Which side of a cat has
more fur?
Inductive and Deductive
REASONING
Module 4
 PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES
•Inductive Reasoning
•Deductive Reasoning
•Problem Solving with Patterns
•Polya’s Problem Solving Strategies
Procedure: Pick a number. Multiply the Procedure: Pick a number. Multiply the
number by 6, add 6 to the product, divide number by 6, add 6 to the product, divide
the sum by 2, and subtract 3. the sum by 2, and subtract 3.

Solution Solution
Original number: 2 Let n represent the original number.
Multiply the number by 6: 6(2) = 12 Multiply the number by 6: 6n
Add 6 to the product: 12 + 6 = 18 Add 6 to the product: 6n + 6
Divide the sum by 2: 18/2 = 9 Divide the sum by 2: (6n + 6)/2
= 3n + 3
Subtract 3: 9-3=6 Subtract 3: 3n + 3 - 3
= 3n
We started with 2 and ended with 6. We started with n and ended with 3n.
The procedure given produces a number The procedure given produces a number
that is three times the original number. that is three times the original number.
We conjecture that following the given procedure produces a
number that is three times the original number.
•Inductive Reasoning
•Type of reasoning that uses specific examples
to reach a general conclusion

•Conjecture
•An opinion or conclusion formed by using
inductive reasoning.
•Counterexample
•An example that opposes or contradicts an
idea or disproving a statement.
 •Example 1: Use inductive reasoning to predict the
next number in each of the following.
1) 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, _, _, _
2) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, _, _, _
3) -1, 2, -4, 8, -16, _, _, _

Example 2: What is the next letter in the sequence?

F M A M J J A S
 The following statements is a false statement by finding a
counterexample.

A statement may have counterexamples, but we need only one

counterexample to verify that the statement is false.

1. For all x: x2 > x

Let x = 1, 12 = 1. Since 1 is not greater than 1, so we found a
counterexample. Thus “for all x, x2 > x” is a false statement.

2. For all x: IxI > 0

 •Deductive Reasoning
•Type of reasoning that uses general procedure
and principles to reach a conclusion

Example: Each of four neighbors, Sean, Maria, Sarah, and Brian, has a
different occupation (editor, banker, chef, or dentist). From the following
clues, determine the occupation of each neighbor.
1. Maria gets home from work after the banker but before the dentist.
2. Sarah, who is the last to get home from work, is not the editor.
3. The dentist and Sarah leave for work at the same time.
4. The banker lives next door to Brian.
From the following clues, determine the occupation of each neighbor.
1. Maria gets home from work after the banker but before the dentist.
2. Sarah, who is the last to get home from work, is not the editor.
3. The dentist and Sarah leave for work at the same time.
4. The banker lives next door to Brian.

Editor Banker Chef Dentist

Sean

Maria

Sarah

Brian
 Brianna, Ryan, Tyler, and Ashley were recently elected
as the new class officers (president, vice president,
secretary, treasurer) of the sophomore class at Summit
College. From the following clues, determine which
position each holds.
1. Ashley is younger than the president but older than the
treasurer.
2. Brianna and the secretary are both the same age, and
they are the youngest members of the group.
3. Tyler and the secretary are next-door neighbors.
From the following clues, determine which position each holds.
1. Ashley is younger than the president but older than the treasurer.
2. Brianna and the secretary are both the same age, and they are the
youngest members of the group.
3. Tyler and the secretary are next-door neighbors.

President Vice-president Secretary Treasurer

Brianna
Ryan
Tyler
Ashley
Determine whether each of the following arguments is an example
of inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning.

1. During the past 5 years, a tree has produced guavas every other
year. Last year the tree did not produce guavas, so this year the
tree will produce guavas.

2. All gadgets cost more than the estimate. My parent estimated

that my gadget will cost Php15,000. Thus my gadget will cost more
than Php15,000.

3. Cats don’t eat rice. Tigger is a cat. Therefore, Tigger does not
eat rice.
Thank you.