Sri Sri Ravishankar Vidya Mandir

AISSCE PRACTICAL BOARD EXAMINATION

SESSION: - 2022-23
SUBJECT: - CHEMISTRY

TOPIC:- ANALYSIS ON FERTILIZERS

CLASS:-XII

SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

MR. SHAILENDRA PATIDAR Jesika Joshi

 Certificate

This is to certify that Jesika Joshi of class 12 of Sri Sri Ravishankar Vidya
Mandir has successfully completed his/her project work for the subject
‘CHEMISTRY’ for class XII practical examination of the Central
Board of Secondary Education in the year 2022-23. I further certify
that this project is the individual work of the student.

Teacher’s signature Principal’s signature

 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher

Mr. Shailendra Patidar and Mrs. Shalini Thaker as well as our
principal Ms. Kanchan Tare whogave me the golden opportunity
to do this wonderfulproject on the topic ‘Analysis on Fertilizers’,
which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and I came to
know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.
 Introduction

Plants need to be fertilized because most soil does not provide

essential nutrients required for optimum growth.
Even if the person is lucky enough to start with great garden soil, as
your plants grow, they absorb nutrients and leave the soil less fertile.
Nutrients in the soil also help plants grow strong. Some nutrients that
plants needare nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium,
and sulfur.
 About Fertilizers

Fertilizers, also known as food elements, are materials produced to

supple these elements in a readily available form of plant use. It helps
to make plants growfaster which help some farmers and gardeners for
their business. Choosing the right fertilizer help us to get everything we
need from the plants we eat or from the meat of animals that eat
plants. Plants are factories that do all of the work to process the basic
elements of life and make them available to us.
 Chemical Fertilizers or Bio-Fertilizers?

Chemical fertilizers provide three major plant nutrients;

nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiumor NPK. However, the
ever increasing cost of commercial fertilizer products
driven, in part, by the inevitable depletion of global
phosphorus, is forcing producers to look for alternative
sources like bio-fertilizers and otherorganically-based
solutions.

In literature, some researchers have concluded thechemical

fertilizers to be harmful for soil organisms but on the
contradictory, they have been supported too to be beneficial as
far as their food supply is concern. The primary advantages of
usingbio solids as a fertilizer alternative are cost efficiencies
and the presence of nutrients and organic matter. Returning
these valuable materials back to the soils is a critical element in
long-term
sustainability.
 Aim

This research aim is to compare 2 different brands of fertilizer:Chemical fertilizer

and Citrus Peeling (bio-fertilizers).

The questions we will seek to answer: -

 How do we determine the efficiency of theseproducts?

 What are advantages and disadvantages ofusing these
fertilizers?
 Which fertilizer will make plants grow faster andhealthier?
 Which fertilizer is better and safer to use: CitrusPeeling or
branded fertilizer?
 Significance of the study

This study is beneficial to: -

1. Farmers and gardeners-

The benefit of this study will help them to improve the
quality of their products, save time with their work, and
get a higher profit.

2. Environment-
The benefit of this study will help our environment by
helping the soil and plants to sustain their needs and
provide the essential nutrients required for optimum
growth.

3. Agricultural Company-
The benefit of this study will help them to givea good
service to their customers by giving them high and good
quality products (ex: rice, vegetables, and fruits)

4. Community-
The benefit of this study will help the community
to sense this as a source ofincome if made into a
business.
 Related Terms

• Nitrogen- tasteless odorless gaseous chemicalelement

• Phosphorus- poisonous waxy chemical element

• Potassium- silver white metallic chemical element

• Calcium- a soft gray alkaline earth metal, fifth most

abundant element by mass in the earth’s crust.

• Sulfur- an abundant, multivalent non-metal.

• Citrus Sinensis- the scientific name of sweet oranges. Itis what most
consumers commonly buy.
 Experimentation

The research about the comparison between 2 different brands of fertilizer was aimed to help
the community to be aware of the importance of fertilizers and also to give them the information
in which fertilizer to use for their plants. Books, internet, and other references materials were used
as theprimary sources of information to strengthen the researchers’ view on this topic. But these
were not enough, so experiments were conducted by the researchers to gain additional
information.

Materials required-

• Pot A and Pot B

• Good quality of soil
• Seeds to be use (any kind of plant)
• Water
• Sunlight
• Branded Fertilizer
• Orange peelings

Procedure-

1. Sow seeds thinly on shallow furrows across the seed pot, and cover lightly with fine topsoil. Do not
broadcast seeds when sowing to avoid thick germination in one place.
2. Water the seed pot daily. Watering and other cultural management practices shouldbe regularly done.
3. Apply liberal amount of fertilizer (Citrus Peeling for pot A and branded fertilizer for potB) at the base of the
plants, then cover lightly with soil and water immediately.
4. Water the plant whenever necessary or depending on your own judgment orobservation of the
plant
5. Always remember to give both pots a presence of sunlight for their process of growing.
6. Every week, measure the height of both plants.
 Analysis of Fertilizers
Elements-
1. Nitrogen
Major fertilizers containing N:
 Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
 Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
 Urea (NH2CONH2)
 Ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4]

Preparation:
Most of nitrogen fertilizers are obtained from synthetic NH3. This chemical
compound is used as gas or in water solutionor it is converted to salts.

Deficiencies:
a) Pale, green, yellow leaves
b) Stunted growth

Nitrogen in excess:
a) Lower disease resistance
b) Weaken stem
c) Decay maturity
d) Lower fruit quality
2. Phosphorus
Major fertilizers containing P:
 DAP – Di-ammonium phosphate [(NH4)2PO4]
 Ca3(PO4)2 – Calcium phosphate
 Triple phosphate and super phosphate

Preparation:
Most phosphoric fertilizers are obtained by the treatmentof calcium
phosphate with H2SO4 and phosphoric fertilizers. Calcium phosphate is
mainly derived from phosphate rock and bones. Phosphate rock is found
in deposits of sedimentary origin laid down on beds of ocean floor.

Deficiencies:
a) Pale purple color on the underside of leaves
b) Reduced flower, fruits and seed production

Advantages of Phosphorus:
1. Encourage cell division
2. Hastens maturity, offsetting quick growth caused by N
3. Encourage root growth
4. Increase disease resistance

Phosphorus in excess:
a) Causes dehydration of roots
b) Increase soluble salt content of medium
3. Potassium
Major fertilizers containing K:
 Potassium chloride (KCl)
 Potassium nitrate (KNO3)

Preparation:
It is the seventh most abundant element found in earth’s crust.
Potassium chloride which is principal commercial form of potash
and some KNO3 is alsoused for production of potash fertilizer.

Deficiencies:
a) Leaves appear dry and scorched
b) Irregular yellow areas on the surface

Advantages of Potassium:
1. Increase disease resistance
2. Encourage healthy root and stems
3. Essential for starch formation
4. Efficient use of CO2

Potassium in excess:
a) Affects soil acidity
b) Reduced flower, fruit and seed production
 Result

Fertilizer-III:

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Take 1ml of Prussian blue Nitrogen present
Lassaigne solution color. in elemental form.
(L.S.) in a test tube
and to it add few
drops of freshly
prepared ferrous
sulphate solution.
Heat it. Cool it. Add
few drops of
concentrated H2SO4.

Result: The given fertilizer has N in elemental form. (The fertilizerdetected is

urea).

O.C.N + Na NaCN
Fertilizer-V:

Experiment Observation Inference

dil.
1. Take a pinch of fertilizer + few drops of No reaction Dil. Group absent
H2SO4

2. Take a pinch of fertilizer + few drops ofconc. No reaction Conc. Group absent
H2SO4

3. Take 1 ml of soda extract and acidifyit with dil No reaction Volatile group absent
HCl. Add few drops of BaCl2soln. to it.

4. A pinch of fertilizer + few drops ofNaOH No reaction Zero group absent

soln. Heat it.

5. Take 1 ml of O.S (original solution)* in a solution No reaction st

1 group absent
and to it add few drops of dil. HCl.

6. Take 1 ml of O.S (original solution) in asolution, to No reaction 2nd group absent

it add few drops of dil.
HCl. Warm the solution, and pass H2Sgas.

7. Take 1 ml of O.S (original solution) in a solution No reaction 3rd group absent

and to it add few drops of dil. HCl. add few
drops of conc.
HNO3.heat it. Cool it. Add a pinch of
solid NH4Cl followed by excess of
NH4OH.
8. Take 1 ml of O.S (original solution) in asolution No reaction 4th group absent
and to it add few drops of dil.HCl. Add a pinch
of solid NH4Cl followed by excess of NH4OH.
Warm the solution and pass H2S gas.

9. Take 1 ml of OS + few drops of dil. HCl White precipitate 5th group present, may beBa2+,
+ a pinch of solid NH4Cl + 1 or 2 ml of(NH4)2CO3 Kr2+ or Ca2+

10. Filter the white precipitate, take a partof it, and White precipitate Ca2+ confirmed.
dissolve it in minimum amount of CH3COOH.
Now add (NH4)2C2O4.

11. Flame test Brick red flame Ca2+ confirmed.

Result- Fertilizer has Ca2+as cation. (The fertilizer detected isVermi Compost).

Ca2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) CaCO3(s) + 2CH3COOH

2CH3COOH + CaCO3 Ca [CH3COO]2 + H2O +CO2

Ca2+(aq) +C2O42- CaC2O4(s)

 Conclusion

The answer to the question which fertilizer is safer to use is that organic fertilizers
don’t make a crust on the soil as inorganic fertilizers sometimes do. They improve
water movement into thesoil and, in time, add structure to the soil. Organics feed
beneficial microbes, making the soil easier to work. But they may cost more than
chemical, or inorganic fertilizers, because they are less concentrated, supplying
fewer nutrients pound forpound.
 References

 google.com
 www.seminarsonly.com
 www.icbse.com
 www.myorganicgarden.in
 www.Wikipedia.org