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UEM Sol To Exerc Chap 006
UEM Sol To Exerc Chap 006
EXERCISE 26 Page 48
1. In a box of 333 paper clips, 9 are defective. Express the non-defective paper clips as a ratio of
2. A gear wheel having 84 teeth is in mesh with a 24-tooth gear. Determine the gear ratio in its
simplest form.
3. In a box of 2000 nails, 120 are defective. Express the non-defective nails as a ratio of the
4. A metal pipe 3.36 m long is to be cut into two in the ratio 6 to 15. Calculate the length of each
piece.
5. On the instructions for cooking a turkey it says that it needs to be cooked 45 minutes for every
6. In a will, £6440 is to be divided between three beneficiaries in the ratio 4:2:1. Calculate the
6440
1 part corresponds to = £920, 2 parts corresponds to 2 × £920 = £1840
7
7. A local map has a scale of 1:22 500. The distance between two motorways is 2.7 km. How far
8. Prize money in a lottery totals £3801 and is shared among three winners in the ratio 4:2:1. How
3801
1 part corresponds to = £543 and 4 parts corresponds to 4 × £543 = £2172
7
Changing both quantities to the same units, i.e. to grams, gives a ratio of: 130:1950
2. In a laboratory, acid and water are mixed in the ratio 2:5. How much acid is needed to make
1 part = 266 ml ÷ 7 = 38 ml
3. A glass contains 30 ml of gin, which is 40% alcohol. If 18 ml of water is added and the mixture
40
The 30 ml of gin contains 40% alcohol = × 30 = 12 ml
100
12
Fraction of alcohol present =
48
12
Percentage of alcohol present = ×100% = 25%
48
4. A wooden beam 4 m long weighs 84 kg. Determine the mass of a similar beam that is 60 cm
long.
5. An alloy is made up of metals P and Q in the ratio 3.25:1 by mass. How much of P has to be
6. 15 000 kg of a mixture of sand and gravel is 20% sand. Determine the amount of sand that must
20
Amount of sand in 15 000 kg = 20% of 15 000 kg = ×15 000 = 3000 kg
100
If the mixture has 3000 kg of sand, then amount of gravel = 15 000 – 3000 = 12 000 kg
12 000 12 000
1% would be t and 100% of mixture would be ×100 kg = 40 000 kg
30 30
We already have 3000 kg of sand, so amount of sand to be added to produce a mixture with 30%
1. Three engine parts cost £208.50. Calculate the cost of eight such parts.
If three engine parts cost £208.50, then one engine part costs £208.50 ÷ 3 = £69.50
2. If nine litres of gloss white paint costs £24.75, calculate the cost of 24 litres of the same paint.
If nine litres of paint cost £24.75, then one litre costs £24.75 ÷ 9 = £2.75
3. The total mass of 120 household bricks is 57.6 kg. Determine the mass of 550 such bricks.
If 120 bricks have a mass of 57.6 kg, then 1 brick has a mass of 57.6 kg ÷ 120 = 0.48 kg
4. A simple machine has an effort:load ratio of 3:37. Determine the effort, in newtons, to lift a
and 3 parts is equivalent to 3 × 150 N = 450 N, i.e. the required effort is 450 N
If 16 cans of lager weighs 8.32 kg, then 1 can weighs 8.32 kg ÷ 16 = 0.52 kg
6. Hooke’s law states that stress is directly proportional to strain within the elastic limit of a
material. When, for copper, the stress is 60 MPa, the strain is 0.000625.
Determine (a) the strain when the stress is 24 MPa and (b) the stress when the strain is 0.0005
0.000625
hence a stress of 1 MPa corresponds to a strain of
60
0.000625
and the value of strain when the stress is 24 MPa = × 24 = 0.00025
60
60
then a strain of 0.0001 corresponds to MPa
6.25
60
and the value of stress when the strain is 0.0005 = × 5 = 48 MPa
6.25
7. Charles’s law states that volume is directly proportional to thermodynamic temperature for a
given mass of gas at constant pressure. A gas occupies a volume of 4.8 litres at 330 K.
Determine (a) the temperature when the volume is 6.4 litres, and (b) the volume when the
temperature is 396 K.
8. A machine produces 320 bolts in a day. Calculate the number of bolts produced by four
If there were four machines, then 4 × 320 bolts would be produced daily, i.e. 1280 bolts.
1. Ohm’s law states that current is proportional to p.d. in an electrical circuit. When a p.d. of
24
hence a p.d. of 1 mV corresponds to a current of µA
60
24
and a p.d. of 1 volt corresponds to a current of 1000 × µA
60
24
and when the p.d. is 5 V, the current = 5 × 1000 × = 2000 µA = 2 mA
60
2. The tourist rate for the Swiss franc is quoted in a newspaper as £1 = 1.90 fr. How many francs
Number of Swiss francs that can be purchased for £310 = 310 × 1.90 = 589 fr
38 kg = 38 × 2.2 = 83.6 lb
Hence, 38 kg = 83 lb 10 oz
5. If 1 litre = 1.76 pints, and 8 pints = 1 gallon, determine (a) the number of litres in 35 gallons,
6. Hooke’s law states that stress is directly proportional to strain within the elastic limit of a material.
When for brass the stress is 21 MPa, the strain is 0.00025. Determine the stress when the strain is
0.00035
21
then a strain of 0.0001 corresponds to MPa
2.5
21
and the value of stress when the strain is 0.00035 = × 3.5 = 29.4 MPa
2.5
Number of Canadian dollars that can be purchased for £550 = 550 × $1.84 = $1012
1. A 10 kg bag of potatoes lasts for a week with a family of seven people. Assuming all eat the
same amount, how long will the potatoes last if there were only two in the family?
If a 10 kg bag of potatoes lasts for a week with a family of seven people, then it would last for
2. If eight men take five days to build a wall, how long would it take two men?
If eight men take five days to build a wall, then one man would take 8 × 5 = 40 days.
Hence, two men would take 40/2 = 20 days to build the wall.
3. If y is inversely proportional to x and y = 15.3 when x = 0.6, determine (a) the coefficient of
proportionality, (b) the value of y when x is 1.5 and (c) the value of x when y is 27.2
1 k
yα i.e. y = where k is the constant of proportionality
x x
k
(a) When y = 15.3, x = 0.6, hence 15.3 =
0.6
k 9.18
(b) When x = 1.5, y = = = 6.12
x 1.5
k 9.18
(c) When y = 27.2, x = = = 0.3375
y 27.2
4. A car travelling at 50 km/h makes a journey in 70 minutes. How long will the journey take at
70 km/h?
70
If the car takes 70 minutes at 50 km/h then distance travelled = 50 km/h × h = 175/3 km
60
5. Boyle’s law states that for a gas at constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is
inversely proportional to its absolute pressure. If a gas occupies a volume of 1.5 m3 at a pressure of
200 × 103 Pascal’s, determine (a) the constant of proportionality, (b) the volume when the pressure
is 800 × 103 Pascals and (c) the pressure when the volume is 1.25 m3.
1 1 k
Volume α i.e. Vα or V = where k is the constant of proportionality
absolute pressure p p
k
(a) When V = 1.5 m3 , p = 200 ×103 Pa, hence, 1.5 =
200 ×103
k 300 ×103
(b) When p = 800 ×103 , V = = = 0.375 m3
p 800 ×103
k 300 ×103
(c) When V = 1.25 m3 , p = = = 240 ×103 Pa
V 1.25
6. The energy received by a surface from a source of heat is inversely proportional to the square of
the distance between the heat source and the surface. A surface 1 m from the heat source
receives 200 J of energy. Calculate (a) the energy received when the distance is changed to
2.5 m and (b) the distance required if the surface is to receive 800 J of energy.
1 k
(a) Energy, Wα or W = where k is the coefficient of proportionality
d2 d2
k
When d = 1 m, W = 200 J, i.e. 200 = =k
12
k 200
When d = 2.5 m, energy received, W = = = 32 J
d 2 2.52
k 200
(b) When energy, W = 800 J, then 800 = =
d 2 d2
1 1
and distance to surface, d = = m = 0.5 m
4 2