Goodbye Mr. Chips Ok

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NOTES BY: SIR M. NADEEM PEERZADA

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ENGLISH NOTES
LESSONS
Short Question / Answers
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GOODBYE MR. CHIPS
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Chapter 1
Q.1. How did Chips measure time?
Ans: Chips measured time like some old sea-captain by the signals of the past. The
Brookfield school bell was the signal of his past.
Q.2. What would Chips do after the last bell?
Ans: He always wound up the clock, put the wire guard in front of the fire, turned out
the gas and carried a detective novel to bed
Q.3. What was the opinion of Dr. Merivale about the health of Chips?
Ans: Dr. Merivale used to encourage Chips by saying that he would die a natural
death. And he was past the age when people get those horrible diseases.
Q.4. How often did Dr. Merivale visit Chips?
Ans: Dr. Merivale visited Mr. Chips every fortnight for his medical examination.
Q.5. From what disease did Mr. Chips suffer?
Ans: Mr. Chips did not suffer from any particular disease. It was only old age. If he
suffered from bronchitis during winter Merivale would advise Mrs. Wickett to look
after him as his chest put a strain on his heart.
Q.6. When was Chips born?
Ans: Chips was born in 1848.
Q.7. What Chips could still boast of?
Ans: Chips would boast that he was taken to the Great Exhibition as a toddler.
Q.8. Why Chips left Melbury?
Ans: Chips did not like Melbury because he had been ragged there a great
deal. And his discipline was also not very strong.
Q.9. How long did he serve there?
Ans: He served there for a year

Q.10. Who was Wetherby?
Ans: Mr. Wetherby was the headmaster of the Brookfield and interviewed Mr. Chips in
1870. He
was fatherly and courteous.
Q.11. What was Wetherby’s advice?
Ans: Wetherby advised Chips to give his enthusiasm to Brookfield and he would get

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something in return. He also told Chips to take up a firm attitude from the beginning.
Q.10. Who was Colley? Why was he punished?
Ans: Colley was the first boy Chips punished in Brookfield on his first day. Colley
dropped the desk so Chips punished him by giving him hundred lines.
Chapter 2
Q.1. Where was Brookfield situated?
Ans: It was situated across the road behind the ancient elms. A group of
eighteenth century building centered upon a quadrangle
Q.2. When was Brookfield established?
Ans: It was established in the reign of Elizabeth as a grammar school.
Q.3. What do you know about the changing history of Brookfield school?
Ans: The reputation of Brookfield school kept fluctuating. Sometimes it would become
renowned institution and on other occasions it would dwindle almost to non-existent.
The reign of first George proved to be beneficial but after Napoleonic war and until
mid-Victorian days, the school declined again. Wetherby tried to restore its fortunes
somewhat; but it could not make much difference.
Q.4. What happened in the reign of first George?
Ans: The main structure had been rebuilt and large additions made.
Q.5. How long Wetherby stayed in Brookfield?
Ans Wetherby served Brookfield from 1840 to 1870. He restored its fortunes to a great
extent.
Q.6. What kind of men did Brookfield produce?
Ans: Mostly, it produced judges, Members of Parliament, colonial administrators, a

few peers and bishops, merchants, manufacturers, professional men and a good
sprinkling of country squires and parsons.
Q.7. How ambitious was Chips in his early twenties?
Ans: His dream was to get headship eventually or at any rate a senior mastership in a
really first class school.
Q.8. What were the inadequacies of his qualification?
Ans: His degree was not particularly good; his discipline was not absolutely reliable

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under all conditions. He had no private means and no family connections of any
importance.
Q.9. When did Chips become the Doyen of the staff?
Ans: At fifty, he was the Doyen of the staff.
Q.10. When did Chips retire?
Ans: In 1913, when he turned sixty-five, he retired.
Q.11. What was presented to him on his retirement?
Ans: He was presented a cheque, a writing desk and a clock.
Chapter 3
Q.1. Describe Mrs. Wickett’s house?
Ans: Mrs. Wickett’s house was situated across the road to Brookfield. The house itself
was ugly and pretentious. But that did not matter. It was convenient to Chips
Q.2. Why did Mr. Chips choose to live at Mrs. Wickett’s?
Ans: Mr. Chips chose to live at Mrs. Wickett’s because it was convenient. Living
across the road to Brookfield provided Chips an opportunity to keep close contact with
Brookfield.
Q.3. What kind of room Chips had at Mrs. Wickett’s place?
Ans: It was a small but very comfortable and sunny room. It was simply furnished with
a school-mastery taste. There were a few bookshelves and sporting trophies. A
mantelpiece crowded with fixture-cards and signed photographs of boys and men; a
worn Turkey carpet; big easy-chairs; pictures on the wall, of the Acropolis and the
Forum.
Q.4. What Chips liked to do when the weather was mild?
Ans: He liked to stroll across to the playing-fields in the afternoon and watch the
games. He liked to smile and exchange a few words with the boys.
Q.5. How did he welcome the new boys?
Ans: He made a special point of getting to know all the new boys and having them
to tea with him during their first term.
Q.6. How did Chips entertain the boys?
Ans: He served the boys with a walnut cake with pink icing from the Reddaway’s in
the village and during winter term there were crumpets too. His guests found it fun to

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watch him make tea as he mixed careful spoonfuls from different caddies.
Q.7. Who was Collingwood?
Ans: Collingwood was a student of Chips in 1902. Chips once thrashed him for
climbing onto the gymnasium roof to get a ball out of gutter. He might have broken his
neck, later he received a medal D.S.O and was killed in Egypt. He was a major in the
army.
Q.8. Who was Branksome?
Ans: Branksome was the nephew of Collingwood.
Q.9. What type of life Chips had at Mrs. Wickett’s?
Ans: It was a pleasant, placid life. He had no worries, his pension was adequate and
there was little money saved up too.
Q.10. What kind of books did Chips have in his rooms?
Ans: The books were chiefly classical. There were a few books of history and Belles-
letter and elegant literature. There was also a pile of cheap detective novels.
Q.11. What kind of books did Chips read?
Ans: Sometimes, he took down Virgil or Xenophan and read for a few moments, but he
was soon back again with Doctor Thorndyke or inspector French.
Q.12. What were Chips’ views about Latin and Greek?
Ans: Mr. Chips thought that Latin and Greek were dead languages from which English
gentlemen ought to know a few quotations. Despite teaching for a long period, he was
not a good classical scholar.
Q.13. How Chips spent his time at Mrs. Wickett’s after retirement?
Ans: He spent his time drinking tea, receiving callers, correcting next editions of the
Brookfieldian Directory, writing occasional letters in thin, spidery but legible script.
He also had new masters and boys to tea.
Q.14. What was the misconception about Mr. Chips’ marital life?
Ans:s People thought that Mr. Chips was a bachelor. This was oddly incorrect. He
had married but it was so long ago that none of the staff at Brookfield could
remember his wife.
Chapter 4
Q.1. When and with whom Chips went to Lake District?
Ans: Chips went to Lake District during the summer vacation with a colleague Rowden in

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1896.
Q.2. How did he meet Katherine?
Ans: Chips noticed a girl waving excitedly from a dangerous looking ledge. He
hastened towards her thinking that she was in trouble, in doing so he slipped himself
and wrenched his ankle. She was not actually in difficulty but was only signaling to a
friend.
Q.3. What Chips thought about women?
Ans: He did not care for women. He never felt at home or at ease with them. The new
woman of nineties filled him with horror. He considered them as a monstrous creature.
He did not like the modern newness and freedom.
Q.4. What was the concept of nice women near Chips?
Ans: Nice women were weak, timid and delicate. They were treated with a polite
but rather distant chivalry by nice men.
Q.5. Describe Katherine?
Ans Katherine Bridges was twenty-five. She had blue flashing eyes, freckled cheeks
and smooth straw-colored hair. She was a governess out of job.
Q.6. What were Katherine’s views about women’s right/ what were her political views?
Ans: She read and admired Ibsen. She believed the women ought to be admitted to the
universities and ought to have a vote. In politics she was radical with leanings towards
the views of people like Bernard Shaw and William Morris.
Q.7. What did Katherine think of Chips at first?
Ans: She thought he was quiet, middle aged and a serious looking man.
Q.8. Why Katherine liked Chips initially?
Ans: She liked him because he was so hard to get to know. He had gentle and quiet
manners; his opinions dated from eighties and seventies but were so thoroughly honest.
He had brown eyes and he looked charming when he smiled.
Chapters 5
Q.1. Why Chips used to look down at his feet?
Ans: He used to look down at his feet and wonder which one of it was that had
performed so signal a service.
Q.2. What could Chips re-smell, re-saw and re-follow?
Ans: Chips re-saw the glorious hump of the Gable and the mouse grey depths of
Wastwater under the Screes; he could re-smell the washed air after heavy rain, and

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re-follow the ribbon of the pass across to Sty head.
Q.3. What did Katherine think about Chip’s profession initially?
Ans: Katherine was afraid that he might be a solicitor or a stockbroker or a dentist or a

man with a big cotton business in Manchester.
Q.4. Why did Katherine think that school mastering was so different?
Ans: School mastering was so different and important near her because it
meant to be influencing those who are going to grow up and matter to the
world.
Q.5. How did Chips depreciate himself before Katherine?
Ans: Chips told her of his only mediocre degree, of his occasional difficulties of
discipline of the certainty that he would never get a promotion and of his complete
ineligibility to marry a young and ambitious girl.
Q.6. Where did Chips marry Katherine?
Ans: Katherine had no parents; she was married from the house of an aunt in Ealing.
Chapter 6
Q.1. How much Katherine was liked out Brookfield?
Ans: Katherine conquered Brookfield as she had conquered Chips. She was
immensely popular with boys and masters alike. Even the wives of masters tempted
to be jealous at first, could not long resist her charms.
Q.2. What sort of a person Chips had been till his marriage?
Ans: Chips had been a dry and rather neutral sort of person. He could not stir great
popularity or affection.
Q.3. What were the changes Katherine/marriage brought in Chips?
Ans: Katherine made him a new man. His eyes gained sparkle, his mind began to
move more adventurously. His sense of humor blossomed into richness. His
disciplined improved. He became more popular.
Q.4. What had Chips aimed when he first came to Brookfield?
Ans: He had aimed to be loved, honored and obeyed but obeyed at any rate.
Q.5. What did Katherine suggest about East End lads?
Ans: Katherine suggested that a team from the mission should come up to Brookfield
and play a soccer match with the school’s team.
Q.6. What was the mission that Brookfield ran?

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Ans: Brookfield ran a mission in East London, to which boys and parents
contributed generously.
Q.7. What was the reaction to Katherine’s revolutionary idea?
Ans: Katherine survived a frosty reception. The whole staff was against it. Everyone
was certain East End lads would be hooligans. They were a group of slums boys and
Brookfield had better class of youngsters.
Q.8. How Katherine convinced Chips?
Ans: Katherine told Chips that England is not always going to be divided into officers
and other ranks. He couldn’t satisfy his conscience by writing a cheque for a few
guineas and keeping them at arm’s length.
Q.9. Describe the visit of Poplar boys?
Ans: The boys arrived one Saturday afternoon, played soccer with the School’s second
team. They were honorably defeated by seven goals to five, later had high tea with the
school team in the Dining hall. They then met the Head and were shown over the
school. Chips saw them off at the railway station. The visitors left behind and took
away a fine impression.
Chapter 7
Q.1. What were the memories that came back to Chips in a cloud?
Ans: The memories were of Katherine scampering along the stone corridors, laughing
beside him at some howler in an essay he was marking, taking the ‘cello part in a
Mozart trio. And Katherine furred and muffed for December house matches, Katherine
at the garden party that followed Speech day prize-giving, Katherine tending her advice
in any little problem that arose.
Q.2. How Katherine advised Chips in dealing with boys?
Ans: Katherine told Chips to tell boys frankly that he was punishing them because he
was afraid they might do it again and give them chance
Q.3. When did Katherine urge severity?
Ans: Katherine did not like the type who was too cocksure of himself. If these
types were looking for trouble they should certainly have it.
Q.4. What was the incident of Dunster and Ogilvie?
Ans: Dunster had put a rat in the organ-loft while old Ogilvie was taking choir-practice.
Q.5. What did Chips do in an exercise book?
Ans: Chips wanted to make a book of all his memories. During his years at Mrs.
Wickett’s he sometimes made desultory notes in an exercise book.

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Q.6. What was the difficulty in writing a book?
Ans: Writing made Chips tired both mentally and physically. And memories lost
much of their flavor when they were written down.
Chapter 8
Q.1. How Chips paced through Brookfield village?
Ans: Chips paced through as if in some horrifying nightmare.
Q.2. What do you know of Faulkner?
Ans: Faulkner was a student at Brookfield who had met Mr. Chips on the day when
Katherine died.
Q.3. What did young Faulkner ask Chips on April 1, 1898?
Ans: He asked if he might have the afternoon off and miss chapel too. He further
asked if he could go to the station to receive his family.
Q.4. What Chips nearly answered young Faulkner?
Ans: Chips nearly answered, “You can go to blazes for all I care. My wife is dead and
my child is dead and I wish I were dead myself.”
Q.5. What was the piece of April foolery?
Ans: There were a lot of letters, all addressed to him by name. But each contained
nothing but a blank sheet of paper.
Q.6. When and how Katherine died?

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Ans: Katherine and the child just born died on April 1 , 1898. She died during childbirth.
Q.7. Why did Chips not want to receive condolences?
Ans: He wanted to get used to things before facing kind words of others. He did not
want to talk to others.
Chapter 9
Q.1. How different Chips looked after Katherine’s death?
Ans: Chips looked different after the first stupor of grief he started looking “old”
Q.2. Where did Chips move to after his wife’s death?
Ans: Chips changed his more commodious apartment in school House for his
old original bachelor quarters after the death of his wife. But he did not leave

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his house mastership.
Q.3. How did his school mastership prove useful after the death of his wife?
Ans: Mr. Chips wanted to give up his house mastership after the death of his wife but
the headmaster convinced him otherwise. Later, he was glad. The work filled up the
emptiness in his mind and heart.
Q.4. What changes did occur in Chips with the start of new century after
Katherine’s death?
Ans: His habits and jokes merged into a harmony. He began to feel pride in
himself and his position.
Q.5. What did Chips no longer feel?
Ans: Chips no longer had those slight and occasional disciplinary troubles or feel
different about his own worth and work.
Q.6. What had he won by seniority and ripeness?
Ans: He had won an un-chartered no man’s land of privilege; he had acquired the
right to those gentle eccentricities that often attack schoolmasters and parsons.
Q.7. What had Katherine left Chips with?
Ans: She has left him with calmness and a poise that accorded well with his inward emotions.
Q.8. What sort of gown did Chips wear after the death of Katherine?
Ans: Chips cared the least about his dress and demeanor. He wore his gown till it was
almost too tattered to hold together.
Q.9. How did Chips take call-over?
Ans: Chips wore a tattered gown and stood on the wooden bench by big hall steps to
take call-over. Each boy spoke his own name for Chips to verify and then tick off on
the list.
Q.10. What was the easy and favorite subject of mimicry?
Ans: The verifying glance of Chips when he took call-over was the easy and favorite
subject of mimicry. His steel-rimmed spectacles slipping down the nose, eyebrows
lifted a gaze half-rapt and half quizzical.
Q.11. What did Chips think about Boers?
Ans: Chips thought Boers were engaged in a struggle that had a curious similarity
to those of certain English book heroes such as Hereward the wake or Caractacus.
Q.12. Which Prime Minister of England did visit Brookfield School?

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Ans: Mr. Lloyd George, the Prime Minister, visited Brookfield School.
Chapter 10
Q.1. Why did Chips become the acting head of Brookfield?
Ans: In 1900 old Meldrum, who had succeeded Wetherby as Head and held the office
for 30 years, died suddenly from pneumonia and Chips became the acting head of
Brookfield. He again assumed the charge of acting-head during the World War-I after
Chatteris died.
Q.2. Who did succeed Meldrum as the Headmaster?
Ans: Mr. Ralston was made the Head of Brookfield after Chips had worked as an
Acting Head after the death of Meldrum.
Q.3. What kind of a personality did Ralston have?
Ans: Ralston was thirty-seven, glittering with Firsts and blues. He could reduce the
Big Hall to silence by mere lifting of an eyebrow. He was pontifical and aware of
himself.
Q.4. Why did the school bell clang one morning?
Ans: The school bell changed one May morning at an unaccustomed time.
Everyone was summoned to gather in the Big Hall because His Majesty King
Edward the seventh died that morning.
Q.5. What happened when Railway men were at strike?
Ans: The soldiers were driving engines; stones had been thrown at the trains.
Brookfield boys were patrolling the line with Chips as their in charge.
Q.6. Who was Mr. Jones?
Ans: Mr. Jones was in charge of the signal box at the railway station. But Chips
met him as a striker that day.
Q.7. What did Chips remember about the Diamond Jubilee?
Ans: Mr. Chips along with Katherine went to London to see the procession celebrating
Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria.
Q.8. How did queen Victoria look like?
Ans: Chips saw the old legendary lady Queen Victoria sitting in her carriage like a
crumbling wooden doll.
Q.9. Why was Grayson upset?

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Ans Grayson was upset because his father had sailed on Titanic. And no news had
yet come through whether he was alive or dead.
Chapter 11
Q.1. Draw a character sketch of Ralston.
Ans: Ralston joined Brookfield public school as the Headmaster in 1900 at the age of
37. He was a strict disciplinarian, ruthless, ambitious and a fine power transmitter. He
raised the status of Brookfield. He left Brookfield in 1911 to better himself as he was
offered the headship of a greater school.
Q.2. How did Chips feel himself protected from Ralston?
Ans: Chips felt protected by age and seniority.
Q.3. What was Ralston’s urbane ultimatum?
Ans: Ralston’s urbane ultimatum was to ask Chips to retire from Brookfield.
Q.4. What were the accusations laid on Chips by Ralston?
Ans: Ralston accused Chips of his slack and old-fashioned teaching methods. His
slovenly personal habits. And that Chips ignored his instructions.
Q.5. What did Ralston say when Chips protested at the word ‘Slovenly’?
Ans: Ralston asked Chips to look at his gown, which was a continual subject of
amusement throughout the school.
Q.6. What did Ralston say when Chips objected to the word ‘insubordination’?
Ans: Ralston said that in this case it was probably a mixture of laziness and
obstinacy. He said that all the masters changed their pronunciation except him. This
resulted in disorder and inefficiency.
Q.7. Was Ralston popular & respected in Brookfield?
Ans: Ralston was not liked in Brookfield. He was feared and respected. However after
row with Chips the dislike rose to the point where it conquered fear and destroyed
even respect among his subordinate
Q.8. How was Ralston trying to run Brookfield?
Ans: Ralston was trying to run Brookfield like a factory for turning out a snob-culture
based on money and machines.
Q.9. How did it become common knowledge that Ralston had insulted Chips?
Ans: A small boy waiting to see Ralston that morning had been listening outside the
door to the arguments between Ralston and Chips. He told his friends, they in a short

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time told their parents. So it became a common knowledge.
Q.10. What was the reaction of the masters to the row between Ralston and Chips?
Ans: The masters agreed that Chips was old fashioned. However they gathered
round Chips because they hated Ralston’s slave driving.
Q.11. Why Chips broke down when Sir John Rivers spoke to him?
Ans: Chips broke down because Sir John Rivers told him that Governors did not want
him to retire. Brookfield would not be same without him. And he could stay till he
was a hundred, they hoped he would.
Chapter 12
Q.1. Who was Chatteris?
Ans: Chatteris was Ralston’s successor and he joined Brookfield in 1911. He was
thirty four years old; he was modern, friendly and sympathetic.
Q.2. Why did Chips decide to resign?
Ans: In 1913 he remained off duty for nearly whole of the winter term because of
bronchitis. And Ralston’s straight words had in some ways had an effect on him.
Q.3. What did Chips say in his speech?
Ans: Chips told that he had spent forty two years in Brookfield and it had been his
life. He remembered the lamp-boy, seven weeks of hard frost, German measles,
Mafeking night bonfire and Mrs. Brool. Above all, he said that he would always
remember the thousands of faces of Brookfield boys.
Q.4. Who was Herr Staefal?
Ans: Herr Staefal was a German master at Brookfield. He was thirty years younger to
Chips but both were very friendly to each other. Chips lodged at his home when he
went for a cure to Wiesbaden. Herr Staefal was killed on the Western Front.
Q.5. How did Chips keep himself busy?
Ans: Chips found plenty to do; he had all the new boys to tea. He watched important
matches, once a term dined with the head and also once with the masters. He
prepared and edited new Brookfieldian Directory. He accepted presidency of Old
Boy’s club. He wrote articles for Brookfieldian terminal magazine. And he also read
‘Times’ and detective stories.
Chapter 13
Q.1. Who was Forrester?
Ans: Forrester was the smallest new boy Brookfield ever had-about four feet high

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above his muddy football boots. He was killed in 1918-shot down in flames over
Cambrai.
Q.2. What did Chips feel when Chatteris read the names of old boys killed?
Ans: When Chatteris read out the names of old boys killed from the tragic list.
Chips used to think that they were only names for Chatteris but Chips could see
their faces as they were his students, his boys.
Q.3. How did Chatteris look when he came to talk to Chips?
Ans: Chatteris looked over-worked, over-worried and very ill.
Q.4. What was the problem that Chatteris was facing?
Ans: Chatteris was diabetic and due to it he could not be enlisted in army. He was
unable to manage Brookfield in war time. He was also considered slack and
inefficient by others.
Q.5. Why and for what Chatteris wanted Chips to return to Brookfield?
Ans: Chatteris wanted Chips to come back because his presence at Brookfield would
be a source of help for him. Nobody had ever been more popular than Chips and he
could still play a very valuable role in holding things together.
Chapter 14
Q.1. What did Chips feel after rejoining Brookfield?
Ans: Chips felt like a music-hall favourite returning to the boards after
positively last appearance.
Q.2. What were the new Jokes made by Chips?
Ans: Chips made new jokes about the O.T.C, the food rationing system, anti-air-raid
blinds and rissole. Chips called rissole “abhorrendum” meat to be abhorred. It was the
part of school menus on Monday.
Q.3. When did Chatteris die?
Ans: Chatteris fell ill during the winter of 1917 and died in April.
Q.4. When was Chips asked to become the Acting Head for the second time?
Ans: After the death of Chatteris in 1917, Chips was asked to become the Acting
Head for the second time.
Q.5. How did Chips read out the tragic list?
Ans: On Sundays in Chapel, Chips read out the tragic list and it was seen and heard
that he was in tears over it.
Q.6. What was the opinion of Chips regarding bayonet practice?

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Ans: Chips considered bayonet fighting a vulgar way of killing people.
Chapter 15
Q1. What happened on the night of full moonlight?
Ans: The air raid warning was given. The guns began almost instantly and there was
plenty of shrapnel falling about outside. Chips was taking his lower forth in Latin on
the ground floor which he thought was good enough to serve as a dug out.
Q2. What did Chips say during the loud explosion?
Ans: Chips said that you can’t judge the importance of things by the noise they made.
Q3. Who was Burrow?
Ans: Burrow was the pale, lean, and medically unfit science master. The students had
nicknamed him stink-merchant.
Q4. Who was Maynard?
Ans: Maynard was a chubby, dauntless, clever and impudent boy, who volunteered
to construe during the explosions.
Q5. What was the news spread on the next day of air raid?
Ans: Five bombs had fallen in and around Brookfield, the nearest of them just outside
the school ground. It was learnt that nine persons have been killed.
Q6. What was the reaction of Mr. Chips to the air raid during his class?
Ans: It was told that Chips never turned a hair and he even found an old tag to
illustrate the way Germans fought in Caesar’s time. Chips laughed with tears running
down his face. Therefore, he kept his class undisturbed.
Q7. How was Chips a legend?
Ans: Chips was the legend with his old and tattered gown, his walk that was just
beginning to break into a stumble, his mild eyes peering over the steel-rimmed
spectacle and his quaintly humorous things, Brookfield would not have an atom of
him different.
Q8. What happened on November 11, 1918?
Ans: The news came in the morning that the war was over. A whole holiday was
announced for the school and kitchen staff was requested to provide as cheerful a
spread that war time rationing permitted. There was much cheering, singing and a
bread fight across the dining hall.
Q9. What did Chips do on the night of November 11, 1918?

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Ans: Chips after his visit to the dining hall sent his resignation the Board of Governors.
Chapter 16
Q1. Which season Mr. Chips liked the best and why?
Ans: It was the summer season that Chips liked the best. The weather suited him and
there were continual visits of the old boys.
Q2. Who was Gregson?
Ans: Gregson was the tall boy with spectacles. He used to be always late for
everything. He got a job in the League of Nations where Chips supposed his
dilatoriness won’t be noticeable.
Q3. What did Chips disapprove about the new master from Oxford?
Ans: Chips disapproved that the new master fresh from oxford let the sixth call him by
his Christian name (first name). Chips commented that he might as well sign his
terminal reports by writing “yours affectionately”.
Q.4: What kind of reputation did Chips earn?
Ans: Chips had earned the reputation of being a great jester. Wherever he went and
whatever he said there was laughter. Whenever he spoke, people prepared their minds
and faces for a joke. They laughed sometimes even before he came to the point.
Q5: How much stable was Chips financially?
Ans: Chips’ income was more than he needed to spend. He had invested his small
capital in gilt-edged stocks. He did not suffer when the slump set in. He gave a lot of
money away to the people with the hard-luck stories, to school funds and to Brookfield
mission.
Q.6: What was the will of Chips?
Ans : In 1930 he made his will. Except for legacies to the mission and to Mrs. Wickett,
he left all he had to found an open entrance scholarship to the school.
Q.7: Why did everyone asked chips questions?
Ans: Everyone asked him questions as if he was some kind of prophet and an
encyclopedia combined. Even more than that people liked their answer dished up
as a joke.
Q.8 : What did Chips think about a Wurlitzer ?
Ans: Chips had seen the name Wurlitzer on the hoardings but he always thought it was
a kind of a sausage.

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Chapter 17
Q.1: What swung before Chips as he sat down by the fire in November, 1933?
Ans: The things he had done and seen; Cambridge in 60s, Great Gable on August
morning; Brookfield at all times and seasons throughout the year had swung
before him.
Q.2: What were the things Chips had never done?
Ans: Chips had never travelled by air and he had never been to a talky show.
Q3: Who was Linford?
Ans: Linford was a small boy. He had just come out of the sanatorium because he has
measles. He lived in Shropshire and he was the first of his family at Brookfield. He was
the last student of Brookfield who met Mr. Chips the day before he died.
Q.4: What was the talk between Chips and Linford?
Ans: Chips talked about his first day at Brookfield, Shropshire, school and school life
in general, news in the day’s paper. Chips also told him that Linford was going into a
very cross sort of world.
Q.5: How was Linford received by Chips?
Ans: Chips let him in, although he had not invited him, and served him tea with the walnut
cake.
Q.6: What were Chips’ feelings after Linford left his place?
Ans: When Linford left and said ‘Good-bye Mr. Chips’ Chips thought this joke was
traditional now to make new boys think that his name was really Chips. He also
remembered Katherine as she had used that same phrase on the eve of their wedding-
day. Tears began to roll down his cheeks. He felt very tired and exhausted.
Chapter 18
Q.1: What happened to Chips?
Ans: Chips had fainted; Mrs. Wicket noticed it when she returned after visiting some
relative in the neighboring village.
Q.2: What did Chips feel?
Ans: Chips felt very weak. He was surprised by the weakness in his voice. He
wasn’t even bothered about the details of the situation.
Q.3: Who was Cartwright?

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Ans: Cartwright was the head of Brookfield since 1919. Chips still thought of him as new.
Q.4: What did Cartwright say to Merivale?
Ans: Cartwright whispered to Merivale that Chips must have lived a lonely sort of
life. When Merivale told him that he was married and his wife died, Cartwright said
it was a pity he never had any children.
Q.5: What was Chips’ response on being called issueless?
Ans: Chips said with a quavering merriment that he had children, “thousands of
them…..and all boys…”
Q.6: What would Linford always remember?
Ans: Linford will always remember and tell the tale that he said good-bye to Mr. Chips
the night before he died.
Q.7: How old of Chips when he died?
Ans: Chips died in November, 1933 at the age of 85.
Q.8: What did Cartwright say after receiving the news of Chips’ death?
Ans: Cartwight said in a speech to the school “Brookfiled will never forget his loveableness”.

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Essays

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1. My First Day at College

My first day at college is a memorable day in my life. As soon as I took my last paper of
Matriculation exams, I planned to visit various colleges for the admissions in Pre-classes. I
began to visit various colleges along with my two other friends.
The pre-classes were offered free of fees by almost all the colleges we visited. The final
admissions were to be made after the announcement of Secondary School Examination by the
boards. Finally, we decided to join pre-classes sessions at Punjab College. They told us the
exact date of the commencement of the classes. We were told to reach the college at 9: 00 am
on the given day.
On the first day, I got up early and after saying my Fajar Prayer, I spent most of the time
getting myself ready before we set off for the college on a motorbike.
I had a strange feeling as if I had achieved some great target in my life. I was thinking about
the thrill and excitement of college life. At the same time, I had a strange fear. I was afraid
that how would I compete with other students of the college. There must be the boys who are
more intelligent than me. I had the idea that I may not understand the concepts well and the
syllabus will be tough and that is too in English medium. All this made me lose my
confidence on the first day.
We reached college in time. After parking the motorbike we tried to enter the main gate.
There was a boy who stopped us. He looked like a guard or a watchman of the college. He
demanded 50 rupees as a bike parking fee. We were surprised. I could not think that a well-
reputed college of the town would have fixed a parking fee for the students.
I told him that we were newcomers but he told us to pull out our bike from the parking stand
and park it almost a half kilometer to the south of the college if we do not pay him the
parking fee. Meanwhile, some other boys for the college came and they confirmed that the
parking fee is mandatory. We paid him Rs 50 and went in. Later we discovered that they were
seniors who fooled on us.
We asked a student who looked senior about the orientation class. He pointed to a big
room and asked us to go there. We went there and found that it was a toilet block. We
were again fooled by seniors.

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Anyhow, We found a professor-looking man and we asked him about the orientation class.
He told us to wait in the hall as the class was not yet ready. He told us that the class would
start in a few minutes when some more students would reach.
We were waiting in the hall when a boy told us that the class had begun. We went in and
there was a young gentleman on the dais addressing the students.
As we entered the room, he pointed us to go on the back to sit down. He asked another boy to
collect 20 rupees each for handouts. All the students gave 20 rupees each. They had just
collected the money when two professors entered the hall and the boys who were collecting
money for handouts quickly slipped out of the hall. We were told that those were seniors
fooling on us.
The teacher gave us an orientation of the course and norms and discipline of the college
life. He told us about the various facilities the college offered. He explained various fields
and scope of pre-medical, pre-engineering and ICS. The principle of the college addressed
us and told us the difference between school life and college life. He inspired us to be
critical and take new steps courageously. That day, I was proud of being a college student.
After the orientation class, we were allowed to explore the college. We went into the library.
We also visited various departments. A boy asked us to come to the playground for a sports
period. But we at once realized that he was a senior. No sports period was in process.
I decided to take biology as I found my interest in the medical field. We left for home as the
formal classes were to commence two days later.
2. My Last Day at College

My Last day at college is a memorable day in my life. Whenever I remember this day, my
eyes become wet. It is the day when I parted from my dear friends. The parting from friends
was a hurting experience. That day has engrossed in my memory and I cannot forget it. My
stay at college and the period I spent there is a valuable one in my life. This glorious period
had to come to an end one day. And that day is April 27, 2019.
“Life is the name of the movement”
My last day at college is still present in the core of my memory. It was a day of excitement
and emotions. We, the students of 2nd year were given a farewell party by our juniors, the
students of 1st year. It was never so that I leave for college in time. But that day, I broke the
record and reached the college on time. The teaching sessions were paused for that special
day to say us goodbye.

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I reached the college and met my beloved friends who were now ready to be separated. I had
a slight talk with each of them and then we took nice photos of various portions of our
college. I took some photos of the library, my classroom, canteen and Computer lab. All these
things and everything of my college fascinated me on that day. I had strange feelings on that
day; it was neither joy nor sadness.
Now the stage was ready with a farewell ceremony in our honor. We all reached the venue
and had our seats. A boy from our juniors recited the verses of the Holy Quran to give a noble
start to the function. Sir Ahmad Ali was the host. He spoke so well on that day. He is known
for his fluent accent and occasion-specific poetry. He is a good orator. That day, he surprised
us by singing to us his own poems.
A sequence of performances from various participants came to an end and our principal, a
great scholar, was invited to the stage to deliver last speech to us. We were anxious and were
eagerly waiting for the principal to speak. He made a splendid speech which not only made
us burst into tears but also filled us with motivation and spirit.
He thanked us for being part of that institution and told us how much good time he had with
us. That day, I first time realized that our principal had a special attachment with all of us.
“ It is never easy to uphold listening the words that sooths you soul and give you extreme
comfort”. (Sober Sandy)
Our principal advised us to be optimistic in life. He asked us to work hard, to focus on our
strengths, to take the initiatives with courage and the strong belief in Allah. He also gave
many inspirational examples from daily life.
After the ceremony was over, we were served with Chicken Biryani, Chiken Qoura and
Naans. We enjoyed the meal well. We were talking to each other while eating. Everyone
was busy with someone. The dining hall was full of waves of laughter. I cannot forget the
taste of that meal. I miss that day so much and the lunch session is a major factor behind
this.
After the meal was over, we met our professors one by one. They all were friendly and
helpful. They gave us tips and guidance for future life and career planning. They all gave us
many important pieces of advice. We all thanked them. We also met our juniors and thanked
them for the superb farewell.
It was 3:30 PM when I left for home with a heavy heart after embracing my best friends with
the rain of tears. I was not feeling well while returning home. I could not sleep that night. The
tears were falling from my eyes when I was trying to sleep amidst the painful fact that college
period had finished.

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3. Visit to a Historical Place

“A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree
without roots.”
A visit to a historical place is a happy experience. It gives us a chance to glimpse into the
past. Thousands of tourists from all parts of the world visit Pakistan to have a glimpse of its
important historical places.
Last week, I and my friend Arshad made up our minds to pay a visit to the tomb of Jahangir.
It is a place of historical interest. My friend had brought his scooter. We left for the historical
place with joy. We reached there after half an hour.
The tomb of Jahangir was before us. We were happy to see it. First of all, we had a look at
the tomb of Jahangir and were enchanted by its beauty. Jahangir's Tomb is at Near Shahdara
in Lahore on the other side of the river Ravi. One can see the four tall minarets of the tomb
from a distance.
We bought tickets and entered the main gate. The main gate is tall and strong. It is made of
red sandstone. The grand building surrounded an area of about two acres. There are gardens
all around. There are evergreen trees along the pathway that leads to the main building in the
tomb.
We were much impressed by the artistic qualities of architects. The tomb was in front of us. It
was built of white marbles Red sandstones were used here and there. Brown and blue marbles
were also freely brought into use. It was indeed a beautiful piece of architecture in the world.
Its workmanship is superb. It holds the visitors spellbound.
After walking a little, we reached the tomb itself. It is a low, large and magnificent edifice.
Jahangir, the great Mughal Emperor, sleeps in an inner room. There is nothing to disturb
him now. The tomb is built with coloured bricks and marble. On the walls of the tomb,
there are beautiful coloured designs. We offered Fateha and blessed his soul. Then we
climbed up one of the minarets. We could see the whole of the city of Lahore. It was a
wonderful sight. It filled our hearts with pleasure. After sometime, we came down.
“When you see the world's glory, it is how the art has made it.”

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It was 2 P.M. and we were extremely, tired. We were feeling hungry. We, therefore, sat
down in a park under a shady tree. We took our dry lunch which we had brought with us.
After that, we had tea from a nearby tea stall. After taking rest for a while, we visited each
and every part of this superb piece of art. We were deeply impressed to see this work of
profound and artistic skill.
It was now getting dark. We returned home, tired but happy. Our visit to Jahangir's Tomb
was very rewarding. Seeing is believing. We enjoyed the visit very much. It was a
memorable visit to the historical place. It will always remain fresh in our minds.
4. Life in a Village
“God made the country, and man made the town". (William Cowper)
Writers especially the poets, have always tended to glorify the life of nature. The contrast
between life in a village and in a city is clear enough to understand the merits and demerits of
all. Let cover all the parts of village life one by one.
A village has usually unpaved roads. The roads are narrow and two ways. There is no heavy
rush of traffic on the roads. but now a days the villages have carpeted roads too. The supply of
electricity is available in all the villages now except those who are situated in extremely far
off remote areas especially on the borderline. Supply of gas is not available in most of the
villages except those who are situated close to big town or cities.
Sewerage and sanitation conditions in villages are poor. There is no proper sewerage
system. The drains are sometimes blocked and dirty water spreads in the streets. This
condition is also not true for all the villages.
The people of the villages are hospitable, social and hardworking. They have no hypocrisy, no
greed, and lusts. They lead a simple life. They are healthy, strong and fresh. There is no
speedy life in the villages. People live in big broad houses with joint family system. They
follow their traditions and culture in full abidance. The people usually work in the farms and
fields. Most of the villagers are farmers or they work their own private business. Women also
work in the field with their male member of the family. The life of a woman in the village is
as busy as that of a man. The people are not hasty and they enjoy the life full of taste.
“ Life is a journey, NOT a race.”

The health and education facilities are not available in all the villages. Although there is a
govt. a primary school in more than 70% of the village yet there is no quality education
institution at the village level. A large number of students go to nearby cities and town for
education daily. The literacy rate is lower in villages as compared to cities.

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There is not a health center at village levels. There are basic health facilities available in rural
areas at Union Council level. The villagers have to take a serious patient to a nearby city to
get the treatment. Health opportunities are even more in village areas. There are fresh and
healthful fruits and vegetables available in the villages. The people get fewer disease chances
when they eat fresh and healthy food. These foods are many times healthy when compared to
fast-food in the cities.
The environment of the villages is peaceful, clean and pollution free. Due to more trees and
plants, the pollution is in control in rural areas. There are vast greet fields which soothe the
eyes. The chirping of birds, the fresh cool breeze in the morning, the colorful fields are really
wonderful things to see in rural areas. The climate is not hard in the rural areas. Anyhow the
ponds of wastewater and the heaps of household garbage provide safe heavens for the
nourishment and reproduction of mosquito reproduction which further causes diseases.
“There is music for everything going on in the village”
Final words: A village life has merits and demerits. There is a lack of facilities like education,
health, gas, and utilities, roads etc. But there is a pollution free, simple, healthful and peaceful
environment in a village. If villages are provided with better infrastructure, health and
education facilities, utilities and employment opportunities, no one would like to live in cities.
5. Life in a Big City (City Life)

There is a saying, "God made the country and man made the town.
The saying brings out the difference between country life and city life. Life in a village is
simple and close to nature. Life in a big city is different from the life of a village. In the city,
life is fast and artificial. Life in a big city is active and inspiring. It is full of activities and
interests as well as full of difficulties and problems.
People have no time at all. They are always busy with their own work. They are in a hurry
and have no time for others. They work from morning till evening and earn their living by
the sweat of their brow. They have no time to rest. They are strictly tied to their daily
routine. Thus, life in a big city has advantages as well as disadvantages.
City is a place where you find everything except the love of nature -zahid
In a big city, one has excellent service for shops and markets. The shops are well stocked and
look very attractive. In a big city, a man can purchase everything necessary for life if he has
the money for it. There are fine schools and colleges for boys and girls. In big cities, there

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are Technical Colleges, Engineering Colleges and Medical Colleges. Very big cities have
Universities also. There are also many avenues for employment. People with every kind of
qualification can easily find jobs to suit them. In a big city, there are a number of cinema
houses and theatres, where we can enjoy the best of pictures and dramatic performance. Even
the poorest can take part in the entertainments which a big city offers.
There are also a number of restaurants and hotels, where we can get food, tea, etc. of the
finest quality. There are also many parks and gardens where we can enjoy natural beauty at its
best. A walk in the evening will show that a big city keeps its citizens amused Of. A big city
has many other facilities. In a big city, the roads are broad and metalled. The modes of
transport are easy and swift. A big city has a big police force to maintain law and order.
When a city offers everything quick, it offers the death quick too - Sue Grey
In a big city, we can have prompt medical aid. There are hospitals with the latest medicines
and equipment. A big city has also a large number of private doctors. Big cities have many
disadvantages also. Big cities are surrounded by a large number of factories. The smoke and
industrial waste have made the atmosphere polluted. The air and water, contain many harmful
diseases. Besides this, we cannot get pure milk and ghee. Life is very costly. Rates are high
and new-corners have to put up with a lot of hardships.
City life is millions of people being lonesome together. - Henry David
Life in a big city is not a happy experience nowadays. A rapid increase in population has
created many problems. People are forced to live in small houses with their families. People
living in big cities do not have much sympathy for others. Even next-door neighbours do not
know each other. There is no fellow feeling. Life in a big city is full of noise. There is no
peace of mind at all. It is a pleasant dream for only those who have resources to live there.
Such is the life in a big city.
The city is not a concrete jungle, it is a human zoo.- Desmond Moriss

In spite of the disadvantages of city life, people are attracted to cities. The government
should improve the condition of the villages in order to stop the rush in big cities.

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6. Use and Abuses of Mobile Phones

Technology is a gift of God. After the gift of life, it is perhaps the greatest of God's gifts. It is
the mother of civilization, of arts and science. (Freeman Dyson)
John Milton was of the view the attitude of someone made a thing good or bad. The thing in
itself is not either good or bad. Ever since the dawn of the era of scientific invention, the
scientific invention, the scientific gadgets have been under debate whether they are good or
bad. Cellular phones are being discussed by various sections of society.
Mobile phones are just one piece of evidence that the world is, in fact, a global village. Unlike
landlines, the mobile phone does not put restrictions on users to stay at home or in the office
etc. Business executives also want to stay in contact with their customer. In order to enjoy the
confidence of the clients or customers, business executives would like to have the assistance
of cellular phone.
"This is simply magical!
Mobile phones are very useful in emergencies situations. Excellent public administration or
maintains of law and order require a consistent watch. If there is any danger of law and order
being disrupted, mobile phones can convey timely information to public administration and
help avert tragedies. Today, mobile phones are not merely communication devices, they are
used as laptops also. This is because of the technological advancement of Business
administration, engineers and other experts use mobile sets for data management.
Mobile phones have now taken the name of smartphones. It means they are smart enough to
do many things for you. If you are bored, pick up your mobile phone and listen to a song,
watch a funny clip or chat with your friends. Mobile phones are widely used to surf the
internet, chatting with friends and family, watch movies, take photographs, play games and
manage daily affairs like classrooms, finance, and shopping. There are hundreds and
thousands of apps for a business and or activity. You can take help from mobile phones in
every field of life.
On the other hand, a mobile phone has some abuses also as we know:
"Excess of everything is bad."

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Students make the big misuse of mobile phones. They spoil themselves by indulging in the
pleasures of mobile phones. They are fond of playing games and video clips etc. Certainly,
this is neither appreciable nor desirable. Besides chatting, music, and videos, there are so
many apps which are just a waste of time. Students are attracted to these catchy apps and
spoil their time.
Terrorists can use mobile phones for exploding the planted bombs. This has proved to be a
big abuse of mobile phone. Instead of communication of information, a mobile phone set
becomes a sophisticated weapon in the hands of terrorists. Many precious lives have been
ruined by them. Criminals also use mobile phones to communicate and plan a crime. They
keep in touch with each other all the time and do successful criminal activities because of
mobile phones.
Many youngsters watch porn videos online and offline in s smartphones. They are too
absorbed in fantasy things that they do not care for their health and education. They will
give more time to smartphones.
Technology is a useful servant but a dangerous master. (Christian Lous Lange)

Love affairs and likewise deceptions are also due to mobile phones. There is a certain type
of playful guys and girls of social media who hurt the feelings of others. That is why
depression, aggression, and stress are also associated with the use of mobile phones.
Mobile phones have created distances among the people. The people now do not bother to
personally go to see a relative and friend. They just make a phone call and that is all. The
people have no less one-to-one physical interaction. It has significantly changed the attitude
of the people.
We should use mobile phones only when it is needed. We should use mobile phones only for
creative and positive activities. The parents can keep a watch on their children's phones and
activities. Mobile phones can be a real blessing if we are able to prevent their abuses.

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7. College life Essay

The college life is a master blend of happiness, enjoyment greater sense of responsibility
and hard work. Pleasure and work go hand in hand. We attend lectures; we work in labs, we
take tuition and prepare for tests. During a class, a teacher keeps us busy in the lesson but
he has the tricks of creating some humor. He does so to relieve us of stress and pressure.
Sometimes, we learn that there would be a musical concert right after the exams. That is
exciting!
College life has its own colours. There is youth, spirit, and desires all togather.
There is a great difference between college and school life. A schoolboy has to lead a life full
of restrictions. He gets up at regular hours goes to school daily, does the homework on the
same day. Whereas, a college student is the master of his own will. He may not attend a
lecture but no one is there to admonish him. He may do some blunders but no one takes notice
of it. There is no check on the freedom of the life of a college. This kind of freedom after the
hard lead life of school gives a student joy and a sense of responsibility too. College life gives
freedom of expression.
Every student has the right to express himself, both orally and in form of writing. He listens
to his teachers and discuses it with classmates and forms his own opinion about a certain
topic. He expresses his opinion in writing also. Closely related, to this, is the freedom of
choice. You have the choice of coming and going studying and bunking teaming or writing
or wasting time and money. Some boys destroy themselves when they are given such a
lenient atmosphere. Although, they repent there is no use to cry over spilled milk.
“The college life for those who are not serious is just a fantacy dream.”
Among all the freedom and soft rules, brilliant students do not waste their time. They focus on
their studies. They take this freedom a positive point. They take it as an opportunity to take
the life the way they want. They take parts in sports as part of health and refreshment. They
attend lectures regularly in order to expand their knowledge. They make sure they benefit all
the facilities and educational activities which the college provides. At the school level, a
student is unaware of the prose of conceptual learning. He just crams the lessons and produces
it in the paper. He is unable to build his own opinion and to incorporate a new idea. However,
at college level textbooks are not the only source of knowledge but students read other books
to expand their horizon. This thing brings about new approaches and ideas in their field.
Mischief, disobedience, and indiscipline are some salient features of college life. Although
there is a fair number of a decent student, sometimes mischievous ones outnumber them
very easily. Therefore, the general concept of a college student in the past was of an
insolent arid unruly one. Nowadays, the situation is not as hard as it had been. Speech

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declamations, quiz competitions, debates, and sports are also a remarkable feature of
college life: It can be rightly said about the competitive environment at development.
“What I like the most about college is not its freedom, it is its sensation.”
The students learn a sense of freedom, the teamwork, tolerance, cooperation and the spirit of
leadership throughout the college life. If they win, they learn how to celebrate it. If they lose,
they learn to embrace the defeat with courage and tolerance. They learn from both victory and
defeat.
In the end, we can say that students learn the principle of golden life through trial and error,
reading, testing, competitions, social interaction, and various sports. The college life is an
opportunity for everyone and he should get the maximum out of it. The charms of cottage
life are enjoyable but they can be traps for those who are irresponsible and immature.
However, college life is an unforgettable experience and the one who misses it cannot find
an alternative for the rest of life.
8. Role of Women in Our Society

In the past, the role of women was limited to the four walls of the house. The sphere of
activities was very narrow. They were not allowed to participate in political, cultural, social
and literary activities.
They could not play any for a constructive role outside the house. They were considered
physically and spiritually dubicious.
The picture of women in pre-Islamic Arab society was shocking parents were ashamed of
having female children. The girls were buried alive. Women were treated as means of
carnal pleasure. Among the great religions of the world, Islam is the only one which
restored the grace and dignity of women.
Holy Prophet (P.B.U.FI) said:
“Paradise is under the feet of the mother."
In the changing world of today, women are playing a very significant role in the development
of society. They are proving their worth and value in every sphere of life such as trade,
industry, politics, administration. scientific research. literary and artistic activities. Now, they
are considered suitable for every job.
Even in Pakistan, women are doing positive activities towards the welfare of society. In
various departments, they are working as nurses. air hostesses, clerks, stenotypists, sale
girls, police’ and military officers. If we wish to see our country progressing by leaps and

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bounds women should be allowed to work shoulder to shoulder with men in every field of
life. We should get rid of conservative thinking and accept the reality that women are an
integral part of civil society.
No doubt, the greatest and the most prestigious role of a woman is a mother. The working
woman will have to prove that she can be a good mother as well as a good worker.
“Men are what their mother made them". (Emerson)
The present picture of the west is morally disregarding. In the name of emancipation and
feminism, immoral activities are being justified. It is wrong that everything fair or foul is
acceptable in the name of modernism. Women are actually the most important and virtual
part of society.
9. Co-Education
Co-education refers to a situation where we are "teaching the boys and girls together OR we
involve students of both the sexes in the learning process at a single place or classroom".
Though co-education is common in European countries, it is not so in Pakistan. In Pakistan,
there is co-education in some colleges and schools, but most of the colleges and schools have
separate education for boys and girls.
Co-education has remained a controvertial issue in our country. Some people are in favour of
this system and want to introduce it at all schools and colleges. They give many arguments in
its favour. Their main argument is that in a poor and backward country like Pakistan it is
impossible to maintain separate institutions. Therefore, co-education should be opened to girls
also. It would be good for the progress of the country, raise the standard of education and it
will promote competition among boys and girls.
The other group gave the reason against these arguments: that in tropical countries sex-
consciousness develops at an early age. It is, therefore, not advisable to offer opportunities to
the boys to mix with the girls freely.
It has been observed that the real reason why some people support co-education is that they
like western culture. They want to be more English because the west has co-education so they
must have it. But we have to see whether our religion, culture, and social system allow us to
adopt co-education. We can say that they certainly not allow us to adopt such a system.

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I am, however, of the view that if co-education is inevitable one would agree to it. But it is
not a necessary evil. If it is to be adopted at all, we should adopt it only at the primary or
elementary level. At the secondary level and higher secondary level, we should adopt a
separate system of education. By adopting this system at secondary and higher secondary
levels, we will only be able to promote vulgarness in our society. This type of co-education,
if adopted, will do more harm than good to our country.
10. My Aim in Life (Ambition)

A man without any ambition cannot progress in this world. He achieves nothing in life. He
has no goal or destination. He does not have any desire to make a start. He tosses about like
a straw in the wind. So, every young person should have an ambition for his career.
It is a fact that progress, peace, and prosperity are the result of human ambitions. It is the
ambition that urges us forward. But simply having an ambition is not enough. Ambition must
be backed up by continuous efforts to achieve it. If a man sets an ambition before him but
does nothing to achieve it, will never achieve anything. His ambition is no more than an
unreal dream.
There are as many aims as men. The nature of ambition is different from man to man. It
depends upon his family background, upbringing, economic position, and social status. Some
people want to be doctors, other to be engineers or civil and military officers. The ambition of
some other persons is to earn wealth and fame that even after their death their names live on.
Thus we find people striving to become up sportsmen, poets, novelists, artists, educationists,
film stars etc.
As for myself, the sole object of my life is to lead a life of simplicity and goodness. therefore
my ambition in life is to become a teacher. I have my own reasons for this. First, about fifty
percent of the people in my country are illiterate. They are all in ignorance. By becoming a
teacher, I will be able to remove illiteracy and ignorance. Secondly, though teaching is not
paying profession, yet it is one of the noblest profession. The best people in the world are
those who learn to teach others. This profession will enable me to translate into my life the
principles of simple living and high thinking. I hope to perform this stupendous task. Thirdly
this profession calls for a sense of dedication and missionary zeal. I possess both the qualities
beyond measure. Fourthly, I will serve my country by producing better citizens. The students
of today are citizens of tomorrow. By being a teacher, I will be able to make my humble
contribution to the building of my nation. I will also be able to inculcate a sense of patriotism,
nationalism, and responsibility in my students.
In the light of above-mentioned reasons, I am convinced that my decision is right. I will,

therefore, leave no stone unturned to achieve this ambition of my life.

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11. Patriotism (Why I Love Pakistan)
Such is the patriot's boast, wherever we roam, His first, best country ever is at home
Patriotism means love and loyalty to one's country. A true patriot would willingly die for the
honour of his country if there is a danger to her freedom. As it said:
Lovely and honourable! It is to die for one's country.
It is the one of the most exalted and inspiring experience. Many a time, even the weaker
nations fought so bravely against the aggressors that the whole world was surprised. The
Greek conqueror was so much impressed by his volour and boldness that he freed him
along with titles and his country.
We cannot forget or underestimate the patriotism and determination of Tipu Sultan who
fought against the armies of the English and the Marathas. He was a man who was
intoxicated with the love of his country and stirred to action by his deep concern for the
freedom of the Indians against the rule of the East India company.
Being a great patriot, he fought against the selfish people and the foreign power and
modernized Turkey to make it fit for the respectable people to live in. The patriotism of a
nation shows how much life and honour it has got. Weaker nation always come to see bad
times when they lose love for their country.
I only regret that I have but only one life to lose for my country.
Patriotism has been called infectious because it usually inspires good and noble deeds.’ A
man who has so much regard for the other, people's interests as for his own, will never stoop
to evil acts. The Greeks were ideal patriots. Each of them become a solider when the country
was in danger from this flowed their respect of the freedom of other peoples. When the
political and social conditions become bad in the country, patriotism inspires certain noble
soule to reform the country: They are snubbed from all sides, but they have the will and
determination to reform. Quid-e-Azam laid great stress upon such a patriotic spirit. Once,
addressing to student, he said
It was the duty of all patriotic Pakistanis to uproot all evil things. And that over country
could become respectable and prosperous only if educated people should a will to reform
things.
It is the responsibility of all educated and sensible people to cultivate and develop a true
patriotic spirit which means the readiness to serve one’s country in war and peace. One
should not think that Patriotism means fighting against other nation. The stress is upon
doing good to our own country and harm to none.
Swim or sink, live or die, survive or perish with my country was my

unalterable determination.

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12. My Hero in History

A hero is a man of graceful personality. He has an exemplary character with distinctive deeds.
He is the man who introduces ingenious ideas to make history. He must be a man of
exceptional qualities of heart and mind, unparalleled vigor and unique talent. Muslim history
is replete with great leaders. M.A. Jinnah is the bright star of his galaxy.
I would always remember Quaid-e-Azam” who has served as a role model for the
generations to come. He is like a guiding star providing direction to the people of Pakistan.
Quaid-e-Azam was born in Karachi on December 25, 1876. He was a very intelligent
student. On passing the Matriculation examination, he went to England to study law. After
four years, he as a barrister and started his practice in law in Karachi. Later, he shifted to
Bombay and became one of the leading lawyers.
Quaid-e-Azam” was a great- freedom fighter. In those days, the Indian national congress
was striving for freedom from British rule in India. Mr. Jinnah became its member and
started working for the freedom of the country. In 1906, All Indian Muslim League was
formed to safeguard the rights of the Muslims. Mr. Jinnah also fought for the rights of the
Muslims.
Quality, not quantity. should be the measure of one's character. (Douglas Jerrold).
He believed in the co-operation and teamwork. The Muslim League and the Congress fought
for a common purpose against the British. It was mainly due to his efforts that luck now pact
was signed by both the parties. This pact recognized the Muslim's claim for a separate
electorate but the congress was becoming entirely a Hindu lobby. So, Quaid-e-Azam” left
the congress when he came to know about its anti-Muslim agendas. Quaid-e-Azam” was a
dynamic leader. He devoted himself fully to the affairs of the Muslim League. He presented
the demands of the Muslims in his famous fourteen points at the round table conference in
London.
Personality is to man what perfume is to flower. (Charles Lamb)
By 1940, Quaid-e-Azam” was convinced that the Muslims could not hope for justice under
the Hindu majority. Therefore, in March 1940, the Muslim League, under his presidentship,
passed a resolution which demanded the division of India. It demanded an independent
Muslim state comprising Muslim majority provinces. His sincere efforts bore fruit and
Pakistan appeared on the world map on 14th August 1947.
Quaid E Azam became the 1st Governor-general of Pakistan. He worked hard day and night

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for the progress of the young nation. He did not listen to the advice of the doctors to take rest
and died on 11th September 948. Quaid E Azam will always live in the hearts of Pakistanis as
the father of the nation. His words ‘Faith, unity and discipline” will always inspire the people
in their struggle for nation-building.
A man of courage is also full of faith. (Cicero)
13. Uses and abuses of Science

Science has dominated our lives. We cannot think of reversing our lives back to the
technology-free era.
Science being a mother of invention has created a new world with its bloodless revolution.
Man
has invented machines in countless number for the benefits and comforts of a human being.
Science has brought a marvelous revolution in the modern world. All progress of a country
depends upon the progress in science.
“ Science is the systematic classification of experience.”
Science has both merits and demerits. Its services are as many as its disservices. It has
dominated time and space. It needs only a few hours to reach the furthest corner of the
world. Fast moving trains, buses, airplane, and steamships enable man to travel long
distance without any difficulty. Today man flies like birds in the air, We can now see and
hear an eminent scholar, speaking in America. England and China. So, it appears that the
world has shrunk.
Science has done a wonderful job by controlling human sufferings. Most of the diseases are
being cured with newly discovered drugs. Millions of lives have been snatch off from the
clutches of death. rather some. of its performances are not less than a miracle. In the past.
such achievement was only possible for gods.
“Science is nothing but an image of truth”
All the present requirements have been increased tremendously bur science does not give up
hope of feed the ever growing population. The mighty forces of water have been controlled
by science. Science has devised ways and methods to harness water for the sciences of
humanity. However, all these benefits are of no importance before the evils and horrors of
science. Science has destroyed countless lives by fatal weapons. The hundred-year war cannot
at all be compared with six-year war that was fought from 1939-1945. It is shouldering to
think of the atrocity of the atomic bomb.

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Generally, it is thought that it is really science which is to be blamed for all these calamities.
Man has now heaps of destructive scientific weapons.
“All war is the symptom of man's failure as a think animal.”
On the other hand, seienee has bent the forces of natures and put them at the command of
man.
Now, it is up to him whether he uses them for the betterment of man or for his destruction.
There is nothing like absolute good in the world. Everything has bright as well as dark aspect.
Science is capable of both good and evil. Now, it is a man who has to decide whether he
should devote himself God or Satan.
He may mould this world into a paradise. But all depends upon his free will. We should be
optimistic and hope that this world will emerge as the above new world.
“The future belongs to science and those who make friends with science.”
14. Courtesy
“ A man without a sense of courtesy is an animal with the human form” - Francis Bacon
Courtesy may be defined as the practice of ideal moral and social behaviour with others. It
simply means to exhibit decent manners and polite attitude towards others. Courtesy is an act
of civility and decent behaviour. A courteous man is modest and tasteful in his words and
acts.
Courtesy is of huge importance in our lives. We cannot live a smooth, peaceful and social life
without being courteous. Courtesy adorns our character and outshines our personality.
Courteous behavior not only keeps us united in the family but also build durable and long-
lasting relations.
“The small courtesies sweeten life; the greater ennoble it” - Christian Nestell Bovee
We have to show courtesy in every walk of life. We must be courteous to our elders, our
youngers, our seniors, our juniors, our neighbours and friends. It is the law of nature that "as
you sow, so shall you reap". Being courteous, you can expect the same behaviour from
others. Do respect, have respect. Courtesy is a two-way behaviour. It may not be possible
that one is rude and harsh and others will be courteous and soft.
Being a Muslim, if we look at the life of Our Prophet (PBUH), we find that he was even

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courteous with his enemies. He never spoke harshly with anyone. That is why he became
the most popular and most prestigious leader in the world's history. We can also try to
follow his footsteps.
There are various occasions where we can show courtesy to others. This is very simple and
easy. We can frequently use courteous words like 'sorry', 'thank you' or 'excuse me', 'please'
it's ok etc. It does not take our time, force and money to use these words frequently.
“When restraint and courtesy are added to strength, the latter becomes irresistible” -
Mahatma Gandhi
When we can offer our seat to an old fellow while traveling on the public bus. We can give
our turn to a woman or an old person while standing in the queue. We can say 'ladies first'
giving respect to women. Similarly, we can guide a stranger in the way. We can help the
patients find their doctors in the hospitals; we can offer our lunch to our fellow workers. We
can even do our own work. This is also courtesy.
“The best amongst you is the one whose manners are the best” - Hazrat Muhammad
(PBUH)
Other forms of courtesy are forgiving the people for their mistakes. We should
not get hyper on miner mistakes of others or the miner damage which others do to us
accidentally. Calling others by their right full names, admiring others, showing respect
to others.

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IDIOMS

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1

NOTES BY: SIR M. NADEEM PEERZADA

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

GOODBYE MR. CHIPS

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Q.2. What would Chips do after the last bell?

Q.4. How often did Dr. Merivale visit Chips?

Q.5. From what disease did Mr. Chips suffer?

Q.6. When was Chips born?

Ans: Chips was born in 1848.

Q.7. What Chips could still boast of?

Q.8. Why Chips left Melbury?

Q.9. How long did he serve there?

Ans: He served there for a year

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Q.10. Who was Colley? Why was he punished?

Q.2. When was Brookfield established?

Ans: It was established in the reign of Elizabeth as a grammar school.

Q.4. What happened in the reign of first George?

Q.5. How long Wetherby stayed in Brookfield?

Q.6. What kind of men did Brookfield produce?

Ans: Mostly, it produced judges, Members of Parliament, colonial administrators, a

Q.7. How ambitious was Chips in his early twenties?

Q.8. What were the inadequacies of his qualification?

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Q.9. When did Chips become the Doyen of the staff?

Ans: At fifty, he was the Doyen of the staff.

Q.10. When did Chips retire?

Ans: In 1913, when he turned sixty-five, he retired.

Q.11. What was presented to him on his retirement?

Ans: He was presented a cheque, a writing desk and a clock.

Q.2. Why did Mr. Chips choose to live at Mrs. Wickett’s?

Q.3. What kind of room Chips had at Mrs. Wickett’s place?

Q.4. What Chips liked to do when the weather was mild?

Q.5. How did he welcome the new boys?

Q.6. How did Chips entertain the boys?

Aspire Group of Colleges Talagang Campus

Q.7. Who was Collingwood?

Q.8. Who was Branksome?

Ans: Branksome was the nephew of Collingwood.

Q.9. What type of life Chips had at Mrs. Wickett’s?

Q.10. What kind of books did Chips have in his rooms?

Q.11. What kind of books did Chips read?

Q.12. What were Chips’ views about Latin and Greek?