BECAUSE ⬄ BECAUSE OF

ALTHOUGH ⬄ DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF

A. Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ là :

Because + S + V (chia thì)

Because of + V-ing / Noun phrase
Although / Although/ Though/ Even though + S + V (chia thì)
In spite of / Despite + V-ing / Noun phrase

Ex:
✔ Because/ since/ as pollution is something that other folk do, we’re just enjoying our day.
✔ He carried the bed onto the roof of his house because of the hot weather.
✔ Although/ even though/ though he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
✔ Despite / in spite of being a millionaire, Henry’s friend hates spending money.

Adjective ⮀ Noun Adjective ⮀ Noun

Tired 🠂 Tiredness Important 🠂 Importance
Sick 🠂 Sickness Different 🠂 Difference
Ill 🠂 Illness Absent 🠂 Absence
Late 🠂 Lateness Honest 🠂 Honesty
Kind 🠂 Kindness Difficult 🠂 Difficulty
Lazy 🠂 Laziness Poor 🠂 Poverty
Sad 🠂 Sadness Noisy 🠂 The noise
Dark 🠂 Darkness Invent 🠂 The invention of

B. EXERCISES

1) Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau:

- Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING .
❖ Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.
=> Despite/ in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time.

Pronoun + verb + (O) V-ing

1. She didn’t get ill though she worked very hard.

🡪 In spite of …….......
2. His wife usually gives him a list because he often forgets things.
🡪 Because of …….....
3. Though he had much experience, he didn’t succeed in repairing the machine.
🡪 Despite ……............
4. Though Kid has failed so often, he has never been disappointed.
🡪 Despite ……............
5. Though I hadn’t eaten anything for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry.
🡪 In spite of ……............
6. Although he hadn’t finished the paper, he went to sleep.
🡪 Despite ……............
7. He is dismissed because of being late for work often.
🡪 Because ……............
8. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.
🡪 Because ……............
9. Because he got up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
🡪 Because of ……............
10. My neighbor couldn’t return home because of losing all of his money.
🡪Because ……............
11. He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties.
🡪 Despite ……............
12. Because of not knowing Russian, I’ve had to have the document translated into French.
🡪 Because
13. Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German.
🡪Despite ……............
14. Because of having an accident, these students arrived late.
🡪Because ……............
15. The accident happened because of his being negligent in his driving.
🡪 Because ……............
16. Karen works on Sundays because she gets paid extra.
🡪 Because of ……............
17. Although they study hard, they can’t get good marks.
🡪 In spite of ……............
18. In spite of her telling the truth, the policeman didn’t believe her.
🡪 Even though ……............
19. Because of not hearing the speaker, I moved to the front row.
🡪 Because ……............
20. John got a bed cold because he smoked cigarettes.
🡪 Because of

2) Nếu câu có dạng : It + be + ADJ (thời tiết) hoặc It + V (thời tiết)

- Đổi tính từ thành danh từ thêm the phía trước.
❖ Although it was rainy, .....
=> Despite/ in spite of the rain, ….
❖ Because it snowed, I didn’t go out.
=> Because of the snow, …..
It + be + adj the + N
It + Vchia thì the + N

1.The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.

🡪 Despite ……............
2. We couldn’t study because it was noisy.
🡪Because of ……............
3. Even though it was cold, I went swimming.
🡪 In spite of ……............
4. I can sleep although it is hot.
🡪 In spite of ……............
5. They can’t go out because it is too cold outside.
Because of
6. The students can’t go to school because it is raining heavily.
Because of
7. The excursion was cancelled because it rained suddenly.
Because of

3) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + N hoặc S + have + N 

- Thì bỏ there be 
❖ Although there was an accident, S V ❖ Though he had much experience, S V
=> Despite / in spite of an accident, S V => Despite much experience, S V

There + be + N the + N
S + have + N the + N

1. These students didn’t arrive late although there was the traffic jam.
🡪 Despite ……............
2. Mary can’t sleep because there was the noise.
🡪 Because of ……............
3. Because there were the obstacles, the building didn’t go along as planned.
🡪 Because of ……............
4. Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.
=> Because of ……………………………………………………………….
5. Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
=> Despite ……………………..……………………………………………….
6. Ann didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.
Because of
7. Jenifer went to the dentist because she had a toothache.
Because of
8. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his life.
In spite

4) Nếu chủ từ là danh từ + be + tính từ

- Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ , bỏ to be 
❖ Because the weather was hot, I couldn’t sleep well.

=> Because of the hot weather, I couldn’t sleep well.

❖ Because the weather was extremely hot, I couldn’t sleep well.

=> Because of the extremely hot weather, I couldn’t sleep well.

N + be + (adv) + adj
the + (adv) + adj + N

1. The train was late because the fog was thick.

🡪 Because of ……...........
2. I accepted the job although the salary was low.
🡪 In spite of ……...........
3. The plane couldn’t take off because the weather was bad.
🡪 Because of ……...........
4. She stay at home because her mother was sick.
🡪 Because of ……...........
5. He didn’t leave school even though his family was poor.
🡪 Despite ……...........
6. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.
🡪Because of ……...........
7. He left school because his life was hard.
🡪 Because of ……...........……...........……...........……...........……...........……...........……...........…….
8. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
🡪 In spite of……...........
9. He carried the bed onto the roof of his house because of the hot weather.
🡪 Because .................
10. We bought the house though its rooms were small.
🡪We bought the house despite
11. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
🡪 Despite ...................
12. We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough.
🡪 Because of ...................
13. Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
=> Despite …………………..…..…………………………………………….
14. In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job.
=> Although……………………….…………………………………………….
15. In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
=> Even though …………………………………………………………………
16. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.
Because of
17. We stopped our car because the traffic light turned red.
Because of
18. Because of the rough sea (biển động), the ferry couldn’t sail.
Because
19. There were a lot of accidents because of the icy roads.
Because
20. Although his book was successful, he decided not to write any more.
In spite

5) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + be + tính từ :

- Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ , bỏ be 
❖ Although he was sick, ........ ❖ Although he was heavily sick, ........

=> Despite / in spite of his sickness, ....... => Despite / in spite of his heavy sickness, .......

Pronoun + be + (adv) + adj

the/ her, his, their… + (adj) + Noun

1. Although she was ill, she went to school.

🡪 In spite of .................
2. He didn’t come because he was sick.
🡪 He didn’t come because of
3. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
🡪 Despite .................
4. He ate all the fruits though they were green.
🡪 He ate all the fruits despite
5. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
🡪 In spite of .................
6. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
🡪 I couldn’t do the test because of
7. Although it got dark, they continued to work.
🡪 In spite of .................
8. Nick is often punished because he is lazy.
🡪 Because of .................
9. She ate much because of her hunger.
🡪 Because .................
10. She went to bed early because she felt tired.
🡪 Because of .............
11. I like him because his father is kind to me.
🡪 Because of
12. We all admire this man because he is wise.
🡪 Because of
13. In spite of his age, Mr. Benson runs four miles before breakfast.
🡪 Although

6) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + động từ + trạng từ 

- Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ 
❖ Although he behaved impolitely, .....

=> Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior, ......

Pronoun + verb + (adv)

the/ her, his, their…/ ’s + (adj) + N

1. Although he had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.

🡪 Despite…………………………………………….……………………….
2. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.
🡪 Because of………………………………………………………………….

MIX
1. Despite her dislikes for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm. (although)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
2. Mary will take a plane, even though she dislikes flying. (in spite of)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
3. In spite of Marcy’s sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. (although)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
4. We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy. (despite)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
5. Despite her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children. (even though)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
6. Though he has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test. (in spite of)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
7. Nancy told me the secret despite having promised not to do so. (though)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
8. We plan to buy a ticket for the drawing although we know we will not win a prize. (even though)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
9. In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday. (even though)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
10. He ate the chocolate cake even though he is on a diet. (in spite of)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………….
1. She was late because she didn’t hurry.
She was late because of..............................................................................................................
2. I couldn’t come to help them because all the streets were heavily flooded.
I couldn’t come to help them because of....................................................................................
3. Because it became dangerous, they had to stop the project.
Because of...................................................................................................................................
4. As Mai arrived early, her friends didn’t have to wait for her as usual.
Because of...................................................................................................................................
5. Since the airport was so crowded, I had difficulty finding Tom.
Because of...................................................................................................................................
6. She becomes a model because of her impressive beauty.
She becomes a model because....................................................................................................
7. We had to wait for the next flight because of the snowy weather.
We had to wait for the next flight because.................................................................................
8. Because of the shortage of money, the journey was canceled.
Because there..............................................................................................................................
9. Because of his wife’s appearance, I said nothing about it.
Since............................................................................................................................................
10. Because of his broken leg, he walked slowly.
As................................................................................................................................................