g < 106-107 de Vamos
Grammar reference
The passive
8 tinU
subject + be + past participle (+ by + agent)
Warnings are given. (present simple)
The hospital has been built by the government. They told me the truth.
=
(present perfect)
This programme is being watched by millions I was told the truth.
ti kcehC
of people. (present continuous)
Volcanoes weren’t understood in the middle
ages. (past simple)
New types of energy will be used in the future. people as the subject.
(will)
We make the passive with the appropriate
tense and form of the verb to be and the
past participle of the verb.
To make questions in the passive, we put
the first auxiliary verb before the subject.
Is the news being given on TV?
Has the earthquake been shown on TV?
We use the preposition by to introduce the
agent, that is, the person or thing which
does the action.
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We use the passive when:
1 we are more interested in the action
than the people who do the action.
The city was destroyed in 1755.
2 we do not know who exactly does the
action.
Many objects have been stolen.
3 it is obvious or understood who did the
action.
The patient was cured.
Vocabulary
1 Natural disasters and extreme weather
avalanche • blizzard/snowstorm • downpour •
drought • dust storm • earthquake • epidemic •
flood/flash flood • forest fire/wildfire • gale •
gust (of wind) • hail • heatwave • hurricane •
landslide • thunderstorm • tornado • torrential rain •
tsunami • volcanic eruption
2 Words connected with natural
disasters
aſtershock (n) • aid (n) • ash (n) • casualty (n) •
collapse (v) • debris (n) • destruction (n) •
devastating (adj) • evacuate (v) • evacuee (n) •
molten lava (n) • put out (phrasal verb) •
relief worker (n) • spread through/across (phrasal verb) •
supply (n, v) • survivor (n) • sweep down (v) •
tremor (n) • victim (n)
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) 100% } 
Grammar test
The passive – verbs with two objects The passive The passive with say,
know, believe, etc.
Some verbs are followed by two objects, one usually a thing and 1 Rewrite the sentences. Change the form from
the other a person. active to passive or passive to active. 3 Find the mistakes in these
1 A boat rescued the boy and girl. sentences and rewrite them
When this happens, we can make two different passive sentences. 2 A Japanese company is going to rebuild the
correctly. There may be more
than one way to do this.
damaged towers.
The truth was told to me. 3 The airport had been designed by a famous 1 It is oſten claimed Paris to be
It is more common to make passive sentences with the person or architect. one of the most beautiful cities
in the world.
Here is a list of common verbs which are followed by two objects:
4 The waves won’t have destroyed the port.
5 A survivor of the tragedy is presenting the awards
2 Galileo Galilei is said to invent
the telescope.
bring, buy, give, lend, offer, owe, pay, promise, refuse, send, show, tonight.
tell, teach 3 Yesterday a young boy reported
6 They should have wri°en a report about the to have started the fire.
The passive with say, know, believe, etc. catastrophe.
4 Avalanches are said that they are
It + be + past participle of believe, know, think, say, expect, claim, 7 The school might be opened by a local politician. caused by loud noises.
report + that / 7 points 5 A long time ago the Moon is
We use the present of to be to talk about present beliefs and
The passive – verbs with two objects believed to be made of cheese.
thoughts. 6 The eruption of Krakatoa is
It is said that dolphins can communicate. 2 Put the words in the correct order. Then make the
thought to turn the skies orange
We use the past of to be to talk about past beliefs and thoughts. sentences active.
in 1883.
It was claimed that the president knew about the situation. 1 will sent be an email You important
/ 6 points
You will be sent an important email. We will send you
Instead of using the impersonal pronoun it, we can use this
structure: an important email.
subject + be + past participle of believe, know, think, say, expect, 2 was a birthday camera given for I my
claim, report + to + infinitive 3 disasters They being shown a are about natural film
With this structure, we use to + infinitive to talk about things in the 4 parents stories children Young oſten are told their by
present, or things that are always true.
5 sister lent I by money was some my
Dolphins are said to be able to communicate. 6 We taught mathematics a were teacher by new
We use to have + past participle to talk about past events or
situations. 7 a job He has offered government been the by
The president was claimed to have known about the situation. / 7 points
We use these structures to talk about what people in general say,
think or believe about something.
Vocabulary test
Natural disasters and extreme weather Prepositional verbs
1 Complete these expressions for natural disasters 3 Match the verbs and
or extreme weather. prepositions.
1 flash 5 torrential
Verb Preposition
2 wild 6 volcanic
1 apologise a about
flesruoy tseT
3 dust 7 a gust of
2 belong b to
3 Prepositional verbs 4 land
3 rely c with
agree with • apologise for (something) • arrive at/in • / 7 points
believe in • belong to • complain about • depend on •
4 complain d on
dream of • listen to • protect (somebody/something)
Words connected with natural disasters 5 dream e for
from (somebody/something) • rely on • spend on • 2 Match the definitions to words on page 106. 6 agree f of
think about/of • wait for 1 someone who is injured in an accident
7 spend g on
2 make a fire stop
/ 7 points
3 gradually cover or affect a larger area
4 someone who helps aſter a disaster
5 leave a place because it is dangerous
6 broken pieces that are leſt when something large
has been destroyed
/ 6 points
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On-the-Go Practice
Total: / 40 points
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