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Differentiation Integration

(cu)⬘ ⫽ cu⬘ (c constant) 冕 uv⬘ dx ⫽ uv ⫺ 冕 u⬘v dx (by parts)

冕 x dx ⫽ nx ⫹ 1 ⫹ c (n ⫽ ⫺1)
n⫹1
n
(u ⫹ v)⬘ ⫽ u⬘ ⫹ v⬘

(uv)⬘ ⫽ u⬘v ⫹ uv⬘ 冕 1x dx ⫽ ln 兩x兩 ⫹ c

u ⬘ u⬘v ⫺ uv⬘
(ᎏ) ⫽ ᎏᎏ 冕 e dx ⫽ 1a e ⫹ c
ax ax

v v2

du du dy
冕 sin x dx ⫽ ⫺cos x ⫹ c
ᎏ⫽ᎏ•ᎏ
冕 cos x dx ⫽ sin x ⫹ c
(Chain rule)
dx dy dx

冕 tan x dx ⫽ ⫺ln 兩cos x兩 ⫹ c

(x n)⬘ ⫽ nxnⴚ1
冕 cot x dx ⫽ ln 兩sin x兩 ⫹ c
(e x)⬘ ⫽ e x
冕 sec x dx ⫽ ln 兩sec x ⫹ tan x兩 ⫹ c
(e ax)⬘ ⫽ ae ax

(a x)⬘ ⫽ a x ln a
冕 csc x dx ⫽ ln 兩csc x ⫺ cot x兩 ⫹ c
(sin x)⬘ ⫽ cos x 冕ᎏ dx
x ⫹a
2
1
a2
x
⫽ ᎏ arctan ᎏ ⫹ c
a
(cos x)⬘ ⫽ ⫺sin x
冕 ᎏᎏ dx
兹a苶苶⫺
苶苶x 苶 2
x
⫽ arcsin ᎏ ⫹ c
2
a
(tan x)⬘ ⫽ sec2 x

(cot x)⬘ ⫽ ⫺csc2 x 冕 ᎏᎏ dx

兹x苶苶⫹苶a苶 2
x
⫽ arcsinh ᎏ ⫹ c
2
a
(sinh x)⬘ ⫽ cosh x
冕 ᎏᎏ dx
兹x苶苶⫺苶a苶 2
x
⫽ arccosh ᎏ ⫹ c
2
a
(cosh x)⬘ ⫽ sinh x

1
冕 sin x dx ⫽ _ x ⫺ _ sin 2x ⫹ c
2 1
2
1
4

(ln x)⬘ ⫽ ᎏ
x 冕 cos x dx ⫽ _ x ⫹ _ sin 2x ⫹ c
2 1
2
1
4

loga e
(loga x)⬘ ⫽ ᎏ 冕 tan x dx ⫽ tan x ⫺ x ⫹ c
2

1
冕 cot x dx ⫽ ⫺cot x ⫺ x ⫹ c
2

(arcsin x)⬘ ⫽ ᎏᎏ
兹1苶苶
⫺苶x 2苶 冕 ln x dx ⫽ x ln x ⫺ x ⫹ c
(arccos x)⬘ ⫽ ⫺ ᎏᎏ
1 冕 e sin bx dx
ax

兹1苶苶
⫺苶x 2苶 eax
⫽ (a sin bx ⫺ b cos bx) ⫹ c
1 a ⫹ b2
2

(arctan x)⬘ ⫽ ᎏ
1 ⫹ x2
冕eax
cos bx dx
1 eax
(arccot x)⬘ ⫽ ⫺ ᎏ ⫽ 2 (a cos bx ⫹ b sin bx) ⫹ c
1 ⫹ x2 a ⫹ b2
A BRIEF TABLE OF INTEGRALS*

*Note: An arbitrary constant is to be added to each indefinite integral.