Objectives

 Define Mechanical waves

 Identify the two categories of
waves
 Describe the three types of
waves
These musical instrument can be describe
using wave mechanics
 Oscillation and waves
An oscillation or A wave on the other
vibration is a hand, is a wiggle in
wiggle in time both space and time

Examples of oscillatory Examples

motion are vibrating strings, Light, sound,
swinging of the swing etc. electromagnetic waves
and waves in the ocean
EXAMPLE OF
OSCILLATING
OBJECTS
EXAMPLE OF
waves
3 IMPORTANT THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT
MECHANICAL WAVES

 the disturbance travel or propagates with a definite speed

in a medium called wave speed

 Only the pattern or disturbance travel in space but not in

the medium itself

 Waves transport energy but not matter.

Type of Waves
 Tansverse
 Longitudinal
 Both transverse and
longitudinal wave
PARTS OF LONGITUDINAL WAVES

Rarefaction- a region in a longitudinal (sound) wave

where the particles are furthest apart.

A compression is a region in a longitudinal wave

where the particles are closest together
BOTH TRANSVERSE AND
LONGITUDINAL WAVE EXAMPLE

Rayleigh waves

Water waves are an

example of waves
that involve a
combination of both
longitudinal and
transverse motions
PERIODIC MOTION
In physics, motion repeated in equal
intervals of time.
example
a rocking chair,
 a bouncing ball,
 a vibrating tuning fork,
 a swing in motion,
 the Earth in its orbit around the Sun,
 and a water wave.
The END
Define the following terms:
mass Mass is a property of a physical object that
quantifies the amount of matter it contains.

density Density is a measure of mass per unit of volume

the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object

pressure per unit area over which that force is distributed.

Gauge pressure (pg) is the excess pressure above

Gauge pressure the atmospheric pressure

It is the force exerted on a surface by the air

Atmospheric pressure above it as gravity pulls it to Earth.

Absolute pressure the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric

pressure
In Analyzing the Motion of Fluids we should
define and know the following quantities

Mass Density

Specific Gravity

Atmospheric pressure
On the other hand
Gauge pressure (pg) is the excess pressure (pg) above
the atmospheric pressure (po) where as the total
pressure is called as absolute pressure ( P)

P = pg + po
Note: the greater the DEPTH of the
fluid the Greater pressure
Example of application of
Atmospheric pressure
Why is it dangerous to swim in deep water?

Increased pressure underwater also affects how we breathe. At

depth, pressure compresses the lungs. Divers take in more air as
they descend, and their bodies absorb more gas the deeper they go
Principles in Fluid
Mechanics
P in = P out
Area 1 < Area 2
Hydraulic lift
Note: If Buoyant force of the fluid is greater
than the object`s weight it will float
The end!